WesternA DArk SiDeThe SecreTS Of k POP

reveAleD!inSiDe The iDOlSrecOrDing cOnTrAcTS

The SASAeng fAnSexceSSive STAlkingTerrifieS iDOlS

SOUTH KOREA A SILICONE SOCIETY

inSiDe!WeSTerniSing

BeAuTyPrODucTS

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mAgAzineseoul

kPOP & iTS effecTS

On SOcieTy, PlASTic Surgery AnD The fAShiOn inDuSTry

The K Pop Industry

SM Entertainment Model TraineeContract

Editors Letter

Management Influence

Take a look inside your idols’ contracts and day to day lives

The audition process YOU can enter for a chance ofstardom!

The ideology behind Western Seoul Magazine and thisNovembers issue

In this issueRefrences

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5

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Read about the management teams that spend every day with your idols.

Want To Become A Star?

An in depth look at the Korean Pop Industry

The Sasaeng Fans

KPop & Its EffectsOn Society

Meet the fans which are ruining idols lives

K-Pop and its links with Plastic Surgery,

your appearance and the contents of

your cosmetic bag

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A D A R K S I D E T O K P O P

WsmAgAz in e

CONTENTS

WESTERNIZING BEAUTY

PRODUCTS!

Going globalHow K-pop is planning for their global take over.

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Editors Note

ello Readers! In this special edition of Western Seoul, we explore the world of K-pop through western eyes and see how western societies view Korean Pop Culture. Reports particularly in Western media show great concern regarding the cold stark reality that goes un-seen behind the bright lights of K-pop stardom. South

Korea with its many advancing technologies has now over taken Brazil and the USA to become the worlds Cosmetic Surgery capital. The rise in procedures has had unfortunate influences over K-pop stars and consequently their adoring fans.

This months issue looks at the moneymaking machines and the processes that contrib-ute to the successes of the K-pop industry and its starlets. It will reveal the good, the bad and the ‘temporarily’ ugly features of the K-pop culture, its links with cosmetic surgery and the effects upon South Korean society and it’s fashion and beauty industries.

We hope you enjoy this special edition of Western Seoul and its accompanying tracks from your favourite K-pop stars.

Yours,

Gemma HaganEDITOR IN CHIEF

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H

The KPop Industry

These videos are highly promoted on the website, they are some of the most watched videos to date and help catapult Korean stars into international limelight. PSY is a typical example with his first worldwide single ‘Gangnam Style’ that now has over 1 billion hits on YouTube.

This increased rate of social networking and digital distribution of K-pop related videos have aided the rapid expanse of K-pop beyond Korea and into the far West. Some of the most successful groups today beginning their global expansion are girl groups, Girl’s Generation and 2NE1(pronounced twenty one) and boy bands, SHINee (shiny) and TVXQ (Tong Vfang Xien Qi), translating to ‘The Risising Gods of the East’.

K life. Think large groups of fresh-faced teenyboppers, performing meticulously re-hearsed dance routines all to the sounds of bubblegum pop and power ballads to R&B and Euro dance. The leading girl and boy bands in K-pop, re-ferred to as ‘idols’ have been seen to cause complete hysteria within the media and amongst their fans, turning a working industry into a fanatic civilization across the whole of South Korea.Kpop as a music genre has taken its inspiration for success from the rise of theinternationally known pop groups which began in the mid 90’s. These included the likes of The Spice Girls, NSYNC and No Doubt releasing catchy pop songs with hugely popular music videos, subsequently generating hundreds of thousands of fans worldwide. Within the Korean culture there is a term named ‘Hallyu’ translated it means ‘THE KOREAN WAVE’. This is the export of all things cultural and in-cludes film, television dramas, historical culture, celebrities and of course K-pop, its now most profitable export. K-pop’s international growth is down to its strong desire to globalize and its music industries’ embrace of social media and the video site YouTube.

The K-pop songs are written not only to appeal to the South Korean fan bases but also to have mass-global appeal. Therefore, like the songs from Lady Gaga and alike K-pop tracks are not inhibited by Korea’s socially conservative culture and beliefs. The songwriters are also often Korean Americans who have travelled to Korea from the West to conquer the K-pop industry. They understand Western society and help Eastern and Western music tastes conform in order to produce multi-million dollar tracks to propel K-Pop stars into global recognition.The idols have highly over active Twitter accounts and their management groups control fan pages that are available in a mul-tiple of languages.

The K-pop industry has also reduced the usually lengthy time period that fans have to wait to see their favourite bands new music video and in most cases upload them to directly to YouTube.

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orean Pop Music, or K-pop as it is most commonly known, is not just a type of music that can be found in the East, for its artists and fans involved it is a culture, a way of

K-pop star PSY

Boy band group SHINee

ehind all of the fame, adoring fans and celebrity lifestyles, there are dark secrets that have been trying to surface for a number of years.

from the tender age of just 9 years old. They enter lengthy audition process which usually consist of three main stages.

WAN

T TO

BEC

OME A

STAR

?

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BThese secrets would reveal what really goes on behind the closed doors of the idols and music entertainment giants that rigorously control every possible element of this industry. Unlike in Western society where the ‘big wigs’ of the entertainment world seek out fresh new talent, Korean’s seek out success themselves, often attempting to jump on the road to stardom

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What Are the Chances?Even though they have signed a contract with a record label there is no definite promise that the individual will be put into a group or developed fully as a solo star. The individual will go through rigorous daily training for sometimes up to thirteen years with only hopes of being debuted and launched into the public eye.

1. Walk In Auditions Many people willingly enter themselves into an audition held at a music agency head quarters. Due to the growing popularity of K-pop these auditions are often in groups of 10 auditionees at a time, each expected to stand out from the rest performing a song, dance routine and in some cases even an acted scene. Koreans also submit video auditions and enter themselves onto TV talent shows. Those who are successful progress on to the next stage.

2. The CallbacksThe successful performers are invited back for another audition of the same format, however this is in front of industry composers, songwriters and choreographers.

3. Final StagesIf they succeed at the previous stage, they enter the final audition; this is held in front of the Head of a particularentertainment company. If they impress in this final audition they are given a contract to sign to become a ‘trainee’ and soon begin preparations to become a K-pop star.

KPop Star Hunt- Starts November on tvN

This page shall serve as our agreement between S.M Entertainment (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Producer’) offering training and possible recording services to you ______________ (hereinafter referred to as the “Artist”). The agreement shall commence as of the date hereof and shall continue until the completion of the Producers services. As a S.M Entertainment Kpop trainee you must fully acknowledge and follow the terms and conditions of this contract.

Terms & Conditions:CONTRACT & FEES1. This contract is effective for thirteen (13) years, ending 8th November 2026, whether or not the artist has been successfully debuted or not. 2. A $20,000 fee will be charged to any single member of the group who may wish to terminate their contract early.3. S.M Entertainment will fund up to $500,000 per group member before and during their debut, however this will need to be paid back to S.M Management after a group/solo artist debutes.

TRAINING1. Training days will be Monday-Saturday, each day will be fourteen (14) hours2. Training MUST be attended at all times3. Training will consist of gym activities, singing, choreography, swimming, Korean/English language lessons and acting lessons.

LIFESTYLE ARRANGEMENTS1. Food and accommodation will be supplied free of charge throughout the duration of your training period. You will live with the members of your group or with other training solo artists.2. Only breakfast and healthy snacks are allowed, drinking water after 7pm is forbidden to reduce bloating3. You will be given a new (stage) name, you must only answer to this name4. You must only be heard speaking Korean in public5. Socializing is only allowed on Sundays (free day), this will only be with your other group members or those of management. 6. You MUST refer to male members of your management team as ‘APPA’ (father) and ‘UMMA’ (mother) for female members of your management team. 7. You will be given a minder 24/7 hours a day, they will accompany you at all times, including W/C visits in public. 8. Sunglasses MUST be worn at all times when in public to prevent tiredness (pre-double eyelid procedures if applicable)

S.M Entertainment reserves the right to:1. Remove personal phones from artists and replace with a single phone for kpop group use2. De-activate all personal social media platforms of the artist(s)3. Prevent all romantic relationships until after debuting with S.M Entertainment4. Allow make-up to be applied by the artist(s), this will only be done professionally and when applicable. 5. Choose a ‘middle or front’ girl/boy of the group, this individual will be heavily promoted and the face of the group6. Monitor and control the diets of the artist(s) if applicable7. Send artist(s) to cosmetic surgery consultations if applicable

It is hereby agreed that I (the artist(s)) agree to all points stated in this contract and wish to begin the training contract with S.M Entertainment.

Signed: S.M Entertainment Head Producer: _______________ Artist(s): _______________

S.M. Entertainment Trainee Contract 2013

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SM EntertainmentModel Trainee Contract!

thirteen years. There is no definite promise that upcoming stars signed to such agreements will ever be debuted into the public eye as the new ‘it’ band and management can ‘drop’ the stars at any time and terminate their contract. Some Kpop wannabes who don’t make it into the limelight after years of boot camp style training often need counseling sessions. This may seem extreme, however these individu-als have sometimes been a trainee since

they were just ten years old. They move away from home and attempt to carry on with their studies to their best abilities and their management teams become temporary parents, doing everything for them. This usually means years later when they return to the ‘real world’ many do not know the basics of adult living. “Complaints from retired members range from not knowing how to pay their taxes to not know-ing how to use public transportation. While some agencies attempt to solve this problem by providing counseling programs and private tutoring of standard high school courses, this is limited to a very small number of large agencies.” (Shin, 2012)

The K Pop trainee contracts often referred to as ‘slave’ contracts in the western society, are very lengthy and can last as long as

K-pop as in all areas of its industry takes this too far and some have criticized their relationships, regarding them as bordering perverse. The majority of all potential artists relocate to Seoul the capital of South Korea and are re-housed in paid for accommoda-tion with their fellow band members. Due to their intense 14-hour training days, most of their time including socialising and even toilet trips are accompanied by at least one of their management team. High levels of respect are given to the management by the often young and impressionable wannabe idols, they see them as parental figures and refer to them as

‘Appa’ meaning father for the male management members and ‘Umma’ meaning mother for the female management members.This is one of the main reasons the K-pop industry has been heavily criticized with concerns management become temporary parents to the youngsters away from home and are guided and worryingly sometimes deceived through the promise of stardom into becoming the moneymaking making idols worshiped by millions.

MANAGEMENT INFLUENCE

All artists seeking success have a close bond with the members of their management team, however,

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MEET THE SASAENGS

Korean’s into the pop industry. However, within K-pop there is an underlying sub-culture which has gained publicity as obscene stories have emerged of fans and their excessive love for their idols. Their name? The Sasaengs.

"I know they are ripping me off, but how else can I keep up with my idols?”

‘Sasaeng’ is derived from the Korean word “Sasaenghwal” which means privacy, ironically, as these crazed individuals seem to have no understanding of this concept when it comes to the K-pop stars of today.

These extreme groupies are as young as 13 and range up to an average age of 22. They live their lives around the stars and their actions, often ruining their education, drain-ing bank accounts and risking lives to get the idols’ attention. They commuticate with each other via the Korean version of Whatsapp ‘Kakao Talk’ to find out the stars latest loca-tions and often sleep for just a few hours a night in internet cafes, where they wake up and begin the chase again the next day. Reported obsessive behaviours have included; installing trackers on the stars cars and cameras in their hotel rooms, breaking into their homes and kissing them while asleep to writing letters to the boy band stars in menstrual blood and even poisoning their rival boy band members with liquid adhesive.

Being adored by hundreds of thousands of fans in Korea and more recently Western countries is one of the most lucrative aspects which drive young

This 24/7 addiction to knowing every detail about the stars takes over the Sasaeng fans lives, they often lose full time jobs and therefore in extreme cases resort to prostituting themselves in order to fund their stalking. Leading such a desperate life-style one would presume money was restricted for the Sasaeng fans, however they shell out thousands of dollars to pay for new services that have been created to make profit on the rise in popularity of stalking the K-pop stars. Such services include illegal taxis. These vehicles are hired by Sasaeng fans for sometimes up to five hundred Korean dollars for nine hours of pursuing the idols and their management around South Korea.

“I know they are ripping me off, but how else can I keep up with my idols? I can’t drive in Korea, and public transport is out of the question – these taxis know where all the management companies, favourite eateries, and hangouts of the stars are” (Emily, 2013). She also reported these taxis drive in excess of

JYJ’s Yoochoon sneaks around a car park to avoid Sasaeng’s, not knowing they are taping him

200 km/ h, run red lights and make continuous illegal U-turns to keep on the tail of the fans idols.‘In January 2011, K-pop idols ‘Super Junior’ were involved in a seven-car collision as they were leaving Changi Airport for their hotel. Media reports said that the collision had allegedly been caused by 8 Sasaeng fans who were dangerously tailgaiting the idols minivan’ (Soh, 2012).

Luckily, non of the group were hurt in the crash but this begs the question;as K-pop grows ever more popular how far will the Sasaeng fans go if they continue to fail in gaining their idols attention? Does the need to seek out their attention override a human life? If a Sasaeng fan is for some reason unable to stalk their idol temporarily, there are services available, similar to a ‘Big Brother’ format that can stalk their idols for them. For a set fee, such companies will follow the K-pop stars and report any news and whereabouts directly to the Sasaeng fan.

The fans are rewarded in a positive way by the idols that will usually post an ‘Aegyo’ photograph, a photo of themselves showing ‘cute waves, smiles and winks’.

Unfortunately some Sasaeng fans feelviolence is the easiest way of being re-membered by the idols, from scratching and punching to pulling out hair to ‘keep’ and insulting the stars. These fans feel their reward is from making other Sasaengs jealous by claiming they caused the injuries seen on the faces of their idols in the me-dia.

Sasaengs caught on camera lying in the road to prevent their idols leaving their studio

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B2st’s YoSeob rewarding fans with a typical “aegyo” pose

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KPOP

GOING GLOBALCULTURAL ASSIMILATION OR JUST PLAYING COPY CAT?

The world famous pop stars of America, who Koreans look up to, inspire all areas of the industry from fashion trends worn by the starlets through to the creative music videos seen in the K-pop world.

Hip-hop style clothing usually seen on the likes Jay-Z and Lil Wayne have permeated the South Korean music industry and are seen on nearly all debuted K-pop groups, particullary boy bands.

The music entertainment groups are desperately seeking global success for the K-pop groups under their management. The American super stars

who are renowned all over the world are seen as their inspiration, many of the K-pop groups look to their songs and videos as ‘food for thought’. It is questionable however, whether their inspiration is portrayed too literally as the styling, choreography and sometimes even themes in the K-pop videos are very similar to the American artists.

Is this East meets West? Has K-pop started the cultural assimilation between South Korea and the western world? Or is this just a case of playing copy cat in order to gain world wide stardom?

You decide.

Beyonce: Crazy In Love hyuna: Bubble pop

J.LO ft LL cool j: All i have

BIGBang: forever with u

It is not only its Korean-American songwriters that bring western influ-ences into the K-pop industry but also the American stars themselves.

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hairstyles and beauty regimes. In Korea however, due to the immense popular-ity of the K-pop idols, the fans not only want to dress like them, they want their physical attributes as well. How is this done? Plastic Surgery.

“one in five korean women have had some

sort of cosmetic operation”

-The Economist, 2009.

The country has over taken the likes of Brazil and the USA with the highest rate of procedures vs. its total population. The facial transformations Korean’s re-quest resemble those of westerners with larger eyes, straight noses and heart shaped faces that in Korean culture are seen as successful. The culture stress-es that beauty is a means of success, and if you are blessed with good looks you will in later life be successful in gain-ing a career, marriage and children.

Kpop & Its effects

on society and the fashion industry

All celebrities are admired for their physical appearance; usually their dedicated fans mimic their clothing trends,

South Korea has the highest total procedures of plastic surgery in 2010 according to ISAPS

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However the rise in requested cosmetic procedures has been blamed on the Korean music industry in particular, K-pop.Recently, PSY the international K-pop star, revealed that his record label urged him to get plastic surgery in order to become more successful within the industry.

“The agency heard my raps and were pictur-ing a 6ft tall, sharp looking, trendy guy. But the CEO opened our meeting with ‘What are we going to do with this? How about we make him wear a cool mask?’”“Everyone was coming up with ‘solutions’ to my looks problem, they said, ‘How about a bit of plastic surgery here and there?’

The CEO response to that was ‘Just a bit?’ (PSY 2012)

PSY turned down the offers for plastic sur-gery but later gained international stardom

with his single ‘Gangnam Style’.

This pressure applied to the young

upcoming stars who are desperate for

successis seeing identi- cal westernized looks spread across the industry and conse- quentially society as South Kore- ans all strive to achieve life’s greatest accomplish-ments via the scalpel.

There is an increasing trend for young Kore- ans being given the gift of double eyelid surgery as high school graduation presents from their parents in order for them to pursue a successful education at universities, often in the West. This procedure involves the skin around the eye being re-shaped to create a upper eyelid with crease. This trend is rapidly reducing the age of patients receiving plastic surgery to mid teenage years. This has caused great concern so much that in 2011, South Korea’s Ministry of Education is- sued a booklet to warn high school students about ‘Plastic Surgery Syndrome’. The problem has es- calated with strings of surgeries opening in the afflu- ent South Seoul and Gangnam ar-eas, creating what is known as South Korea’s ‘Beauty Belt’. Surgeries are also heavily advertised around public transport sta- tions, offering relatively cheap procedures to create a ‘better you’.

“How about we make him wear a

cool mask?”Despite this plastic bombardment, the procedures are still seen as a taboo within Korean society. The public receive surgery just as casually as westerners get their greys covered in the hair salon; everyone does it but not everyone is willing to admit to it. This has created a blurred vision of what natural beauty is in Korea and leaves the citizens questioning who is naturally beautiful and who has been surgically enhanced. The plas-tic surgery phenomenon has filtered through many of Korea’s industries including the beau-ty industry. This year it has been reported that plastic surgery is to blame for creating‘a beauty clone parade’ in the Miss Korea 2013 competition. Judges of the competition found it increasingly difficult to choose their winner as the contestants looked so similar due to the same formulas followed by surgeons to mould Eastern features into Western ones.

Not all Koreans are fortunate enough to afford permanent transformations, and this has been noted by the beauty industry. New products have been created to maximize potential profits to be made out of young Koreans seeking western features. Products such as ‘Double Eyelid Strips’ (clear adhesive strips applied to eyes to create a western crease) and ‘Double Eyelid Glue’ are now available in the beauty aisles of drug stores. Skin whitening treatments and creams are also readily accessible for those Asians seeking out Caucasian tones. As a result of this, there has been a vast increase of ‘how-to’ YouTube videos, which are immensely popular due to Korean’s seeking advice about how they can look like their idols with westernised features.

Miss Korea 2013 contestants

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EYE TALKDouble EyelidGlue$6.99

DarknessDouble EyelidTape$6.99

ISA KNOXWhitening

Cream$201.00

With Eastern music tastes, fashions and physical appear-ances becoming increasing-ly westernized particularly in South Korea as this article has depicted, I have begun to ques-tion how much further this cul-tural merging trend will go before we begin to lose the factors that make our world culturally diverse. Plastic surgery was originally used to repair human features disfigured by disease or accidents, now it is widely used for aesthetic reasons to transform unwanted features into those desired by the world all over. Will the future generations slowly nip and tuck themselves to the extent where we begin to become physical

'The Western beauty standard has permeated across virtually all international beauty markets and with frighteningly effective apparatus of disseminating cultural imperialism through advertisements, pop stars and Hollywood it comes as no surprise that 'Western' means beautiful in more places than not'

(Ahmed, 2013)

clones of each other as seen in Miss Korea 2013?This introduces the question, with ever advancing technologies particularly within South Korea, how long will it be before cloning itself is used in plastic surgery? There is al-ready progress into using Therapeutic Cloning to reproduce single organs for transplant operations, so will we soon be able to clone indi-vidual features? DNA cloning is being developed which enables specific desired fea-tures to be selected for the controversial ‘designer babies’, could we soon be able to clone our youthful faces to be later implemented when everything starts ‘heading south’?

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beauty to be imitated is worrying as the adoring fans are blind to see that manipulation and fakery introduced by their management plays a big part in what makes these idols so successful and attractive. The East and West should come together in the form of restoring peace and eradicating war and terrorism, not by sharing a materialistic culture where physical beauty holds the highest importance in societies, who would inevitably lose what makes them proud and a part of their own heritage.”

"In my own opinion, individuality is what makes us beautiful. The idea that successful Korean pop stars are seen as a standard of

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GIRLS GENERATION - MR TAXI NEW SINGLE OUT NOW!

In This IssueCited ReferencesPage 10: Shin, Eugene (2012) The Ugly Truth Behind K-pop Idols (August 2012) Available at: http://www.humanrightskorea.org/2012/the-ugly-truth-behind-k-pop-idols/(Accessed 17.10.13)

Page 13:Unknown, Emily (2013), ‘Sasaeng Stalkers (Part 3): The crazy lengths one S’porean K-pop fan goes to’ (Soh, Eliza-beth) (August 2013) Available at: http://sg.entertainment.yahoo.com/blogs/singapore-showbiz/sasaeng-stalkers-part-3-one-fan-korean-sasaeng-092622496.html(Accessed 17.10.13)

Page 14: Soh, Elizabeth (2012) ‘Sasaeng Stalkers (Part 2): Obsessed K-pop fans in Singapore?’ (2012) Available at: http://sg.entertainment.yahoo.com/blogs/singapore-showbiz/sasaeng-stalkers-part-1-sasaeng-singapore-084138184.html(Accesed 17.10.13)

Page 18:The Economist (2009), ‘The Most Plastic Surgery-Happy Countries In The World Revealed’ (Hooken-Smith, Kim) (2012) Available at: http://uk.lifestyle.yahoo.com/plastic-surgery-most-popular-south-korea-cosmetic.html(Accessed 19.10.13)

Page 19: PSY (2012), ‘ PSY Told To Get Plastic Surgery If He Wanted Pop Success’ (Baggs, M) (2012) Available at: http://www.gigwise.com/news/76762/psy-told-to-get-plastic-surgery-if-he-wanted-pop-success(Accessed 20.10.13)

Page 22:Ahmed, Meher (June 2013), ‘What K-pop Has To Do With South Korea’s Plastic Surgery Obsession’ (2013) Available at: http://jezebel.com/what-k-pop-has-to-do-with-south-koreas-plastic-surgery-573424674(Accessed 22.10.13)

General ReadingShim W C, ‘Idol Maker Behind K-pop’ (Kindle Edition) (Publish date unknown) (Publisher Unknown) [Book]

TANK Magazine, Five Alive Special 5th Anniversary Issue, Tank Publications LTD (2008) Volume 3 Issue 7

BAPRAS (The British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons) ‘The Voice of Plastic Surgery’ Available at: http://www.bapras.org.uk/research(Accessed 27.10.13)

Wikepedia, ‘Sasaeng fan’ Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasaeng_fan(Accessed 12.10.13)Wikipedia, ‘K-Pop’ Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-pop(Accessed 6.10.13)

Beyond Hallyu, (April 2013) ‘Why do they do that? Korean culture and the K-pop industry’ Available at: http://beyondhal-lyu.com/k-pop/how-korean-culture-has-shaped-the-k-pop-industry/(Accessed 6.10.13)

Business Insider, (June, 2013) ‘Korea’s Plastic Surgery Obsession Is A Glimpse Into The Future’ Available at: http://www.businessinsider.com/korea-is-obsessed-with-plastic-surgery-2013-5?op=1(Accessed 28.10.13)

VideosPage 6: Girls Generation. (2013). Girls Generation- I Got A Boy. [Online Video]. 01 January. Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wq7ftOZBy0E. (Accessed: 27.10. 2013).

Page 7: Kpop Star Hunt Taiwan Audtion Episode 1, (no date) [Online Video] Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TiMhUXQklQ8(Accessed 27.10.13)

Page 14: EXO group arriving at Gimpo Airport (2012) (Korean News Media) [Online Video] Available from: http://www.you-tube.com/watch?v=i8wcuHnZS4A(Accessed 27.10.13)

Page 17:Beyonce- Crazy In Love (2003) [Online Video] Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ViwtNLUqkMY(Accessed 22.10.13)

Hyuna- Bubble Pop (2011) [Online Video] Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bw9CALKOvAI(Accessed 22.10.13)

Page 21: How To: 4 Ways To Create Double Eyelid (2011) [Online Video] Available from: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SE8rRpFXFHY(Accessed 3.11.13)

ImagesCover Page:Miss A and Baek Ah Yeon, (2012), Miss A and Baek Ah Yeon For Ceci Magazine October 2012 [Advertisement] Available at: http://kpopconcerts.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/MISS-A-AND-BAEK-AH-YEON-–-CECI-MAGAZINE-OCTOBER-ISSUE-’12-F.jpg (Accessed on 1.10.13)

Page 1: Subway Station Advertisement (Circa 2011) JW Plastic Surgery Advertisement [Advertisement]Available at: http://www.koreabang.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/emoticon-surgery.jpeg(Accessed 1.10.13)

Page 2: Hyuna for Hazzys Accessories (2012), Hyuna for Hazzys Featured in NYLON Magazine Sept 2012 [Advertisement] Available at: http://kbox.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/hyuna-nylon-magazine-002.jpg(Accessed 2.10.13)

Page 3:My Own Image (2013) Available at: https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10152169868609465&set=a.10150113721044465.315017.736514464&type=1&theater(Accessed 2.10.13)

Page 4:Eyelid Trainer, (Circa 2010), Korean Eyelid Advertisement, [Advertisement] Available at: http://hishop.my/image/data/CandyDoll/eyelid%20trainer%203.jpg(Accessed 4.10.13)

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Page 5:PSY at 2011 EMAs, Unknown ‘Just Jared’ Photographer (2011), PSY at 2011 EMAs, [Photograph] Available at: http://cdn03.cdn.justjared.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/psy-hammer/psy-mc-hammer-performance-05.jpg(Accessed 8.10.13)

Page 6:Boy band SHINee, Photographer Unknown, (Circa 2012) [Photograph] Available at: http://images4.fanpop.com/image/photos/23300000/SHINee-shinee-23313072-2475-1650.jpg(Accessed 8.10.13)

Page 7: TVN Advert, TVN Channel, (2012), TVN KPop Star Hunt, [Advertisement] Available at: http://www.hellokpop.com/wp-con-tent/uploads/2012/07/tvn-kpop-star-hunt-season-1.jpg(Accessed 14.10.13)

Page 8:Girls Generation’s Tiffany Performing on Kpop Star TV Show, Photographer Unknown, (2012) [Photograph] Available at: http://www.kpopstarz.com/articles/7611/20120422/lady-marmalade-k-pop-star-tiffany-taeyeon-girls-genera-tion-snsd-soshi/photo24.htm(Accessed 14.10.13)

Page 9:S.M Entertainment Logo [digital image] Available at:http://static.tumblr.com/tbind0j/no8m49bwm/sm-entertainment.jpg(Accessed 13.10.13)

Page 10:Kpop Group 4Minute On Stage in Kuala Lumpur, Ongys, Joshua (2013), [Photograph] Available at: http://cdn.joshu-aongys.com/wp-content/gallery/2013-events/2013-aia-kpop-concert-kl-4minute-11.jpg(Accessed 10.10.13)

Page 12: Seven Color Kiss, U-KISS Photoshoot, (Photographer Unknown) (Circa 2010) [Photograph] Available at: http://www.allkpop.com/article/2010/04/dj-mo-twister-responds-to-u-kiss-fangirl-rage#axzz2jcNcEWpp(Accessed 12.10.13)

Page 13: Sasaeng Fans in Road [Image], Soh Elizabeth (2012), ‘Sasaeng Stalkers (Part 1): K-pop fans turn to blood, poison for attention’ Available at: http://sg.entertainment.yahoo.com/blogs/singapore-showbiz/sasaeng-groupies-gone-wild-part-1-k-fans-141105992.html(Accessed 17.10.13)

(Faded) Sasaeng Fans (date unknown)(Photographer Unknown) [Photograph] Available at: http://img.pingbook.com/picdb/news/110820kpop/13.jpg(Accessed 17.10.13)

Page 14: JYJ’s Yoochoon stalked on carpark CCTV (date unkown) [CCTV Footage] Available at: http://dedetillmanblogs.files.wordpress.com/2012/07/yoochun-allkpop-stalker-fans-cctv-1.jpeg(Accessed 16.10.13)

B2st YoSeob ‘aeygo’ pose (date unknown) (photographer unknown) [photograph] Available at: http://sg.entertainment.yahoo.com/blogs/singapore-showbiz/sasaeng-stalkers-part-3-one-fan-korean-sasaeng-092622496.html(Accessed 16.10.13)

Page 16: Beyonce- Crazy In Love (2003) [Screen Shots] Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ViwtNLUqkMY

(Accessed 18.10.13)

Hyuna- Bubble Pop (2011) [Screen Shots] Available at:http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bw9CALKOvAI(Accessed 18.10.13)

JLO ft LL Cool J- All I Have (2002) [Screen Shot] Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yeSJ2YdhG5k(Accessed 18.10.13)

Bigbang- Forever With U (2006) [Screen Shot] Available at: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GYCD2KUB3WQ(Accessed 18.10.13)

Page 18:Plastic Surgery Procedures per 1,000 population 2010, [graph] The Economist Online (2012) Available at: http://www.economist.com/blogs/graphicdetail/2012/04/daily-chart-13(Accessed 12.10.13)

Page 19: Scalpel (photographer unknown) [photograph] Available at: http://www.conrad-electronic.co.uk/medias/global/ce/5000_5999/5300/5300/5301/530131_BB_00_FB.EPS_1000.jpg(Accessed 1.11.13)

Page 20: Miss Korea 2013 Beauty Pageant (2011) (photographer unknown) [photograph] Available at: http://s1.ibtimes.com/sites/www.ibtimes.com/files/styles/v2_article_large/public/2011/08/22/149666-participants-of-the-2011-miss-ko-rea-pageant-pose-for-the-swimsuit-comp.jpg(Accessed 9.10.13)

Page 21: Double Eyelid Tape (2013) [Photograph] Available at: http://www.ebay.com/itm/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item=271177137340&item=271177137340&lgeo=1&vectorid=229466(Accessed 2.11.13)

Double Eyelid Glue (2013) [Photograph] Available at: http://www.9channel.com/taobao/product-505775491943-japan-genuine-koji-%2F-eye-talk-double-eyelid-glue-woman-my-biggest-michelle-phan.html(Accessed 2.11.13)

Whitening Cream (2013) [Photograph] Available at: https://www.daybeauty.com/boutique/index.php?route=product/search&search=isa%20knox(Accessed 2.11.13)

Page 23: Plastic Surgery Before/After (2013) Available at: http://kpsurgery.co/page/2#(Accessed 2.11.13)

Page 24: Girls Generation- Mr Taxi (date unknown) (photographer unknown) [Advertisement] Available at: http://th04.deviantart.net/fs71/PRE/f/2013/028/2/e/girls__generation__snsd____mr__taxi__japanese_ver__by_mhelaonline07-d5t0kor.jpg(Accessed 3.11.13)

Back Cover:Girl (2012), Girl The Perfume by SNSD (group) [Advertisement] Available at: http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-o_HdxR-IshMY/UL3zwS2faoI/AAAAAAAARow/KezUvoxtvyc/s1600/snsd+yuri+girl+de+provence+perfume.jpg(Accessed 3.11.13)

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