Western Lakes & Mountains Region 2012

Volu

me

10 |

Issue

9 |

2012

www.DiscoverMaineMagazine.com

Western Lakes & Mountains Region

FREEMaines History Magazine

Fresh Trout Cooking over the campfire

Rumford On Fire Story of the Waldo street fire in 1923

Harry Eastman & The Tale Of The Lost DauphinStrong native created famous hoax

2 3Western Lakes & Mountians DiscoverMaineMagazine.com

3 Apple Trees And Honeybees l Our Maine state insect needs more attention Charles Francis

6 Hobo Signs l Migratory workers flocked to western Maine Charles Francis

9 Justice, The Law And Alpheus Felch l Respected lawyer from Fryeburg Charles Francis

14 My First Experience With Cars l Memories with a Model T Franklin Irish15 Charles Hitchcock: Biblical Geologist Important geologist in the 19th century Charles Francis

17 Reta Shaw l A South Paris Star Charlotte Mayo

18 Fresh Trout l Cooking over the campfire Franklin Irish

20 An Enterprising Sixteen-Year-Old l Gilead teen captures 6 bandits Barbara Adams

21 The Worlds Biggest Paper Bag Plant Rumford Falls factory produced 3 million bags per day Barbara Adams

23 Rumford On Fire: A 1923 Remembrance l The estimated damage of the fire was nearly $500,000, a huge sum in those days Charlotte Mayo

26 Lovewells Town l A book review Denise R. Larson

28 The Deertrees Theatre l Success measured by fine work, not box-office draw James Nalley

32 Monmouths Corn Shop l Built to market the sweetest corn in America Barbara Adams

35 The Noyes Of Greenwood l Early pioneers made a living from maple orchards Barbara Adams

38 Wild About Harvey l The creation of the Parker house Charles Francis

42 Crow Carrion l The Wilton crow whisperer Charles Francis

44 One Hundred And Five YearsOf Russakoff Tradition A Skowhegan three-generation family business Terry Ann Lidral

48 Squire James Rangeley l Pioneer settlers benevolence is still evident today Kelly Howe

50 Montresors Map l Journal exclusions proved catastrophic for Arnold expedition Ian MacKinnon

54 Route 15 Retail l Tink Billings, the Yard Sale Man John McDonald

56 Elizabeth Ardens The Maine Chance Farm Belgrade estate catered to the rich & famous Clarence W. Bennett

60 Lloyd Brett: The General From Dead River Spanish-American war general hailed from Dead River Charles Francis

63 The Bixbys Of Western Maine l A family of ranchers from Somerset County Sherwood Anderson

69 The Genealogy Corner l Pedigree collapse Charles Francis

71 Harry Eastman And The Tale Of The Lost Dauphin Strong native created famous hoax Charles Francis

75 The Historic Monson Railroad l The little rail that could (1882-1943) James Nalley

Maines History Magazine

Published Annually by CreMark, Inc.10 Exchange Street, Suite 208

Portland, Maine 04101Ph (207) 874-7720

[email protected] www.discovermainemagazine.com

Western Lakes & Mountains

Publisher Jim BurchDesigner & Editor Lynn HendricksonLiana MerdanAdvertising & Sales Manager Tim MaxfieldAdvertising & Sales Barry BuckTim ChurchillChris GirouardTim MaxfieldJonathan Sproul

Discover Maine Magazine is distributed to frater-nal organizations, shopping centers, libraries, news-

stands, grocery and convenience stores, hardware stores, lumber companies, motels, restaurants and

other locations throughout this part of Maine.

Front Cover Photo:Hillcrest tea room & filling station #102875

from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collec-tion and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org

All photos in Discover Maines Western Lakes & Mountains edition show Maine as it used to be, and many are from local citizens who love this

part of Maine.Photos are also provided from our collaboration

with the Maine Historical Society and the Penobscot Marine Museum.

NO PART of this publication may be repro-duced without written permission from Cre-Mark, Inc. | Copyright 2012, CreMark, Inc.

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On December 17, 1853, the Sar-ah Sands, a 1300-ton steamship belonging to the Canadian Nav-igation Company arrived in Portland Harbor from Liverpool, England. Its arrival marked the beginning of regular steamship service between Maine and Europe. When the Sarah Sands returned to England, it carried, among other things, 1,000 barrels of Maine apples.

Shortly after the departure of the Sarah Sands, the Portland Fruit Com-pany was formed for the specific pur-pose of exporting Maine apples to Europe. DurIng the first years of the companys existence, the number of barrels of apples exported to Europe seldom exceeded 2000. By 1900, however, that figure was approaching 1,000,000, with the counties of western

Maine, especially the western moun-tain region, accounting for a significant percentage of that figure. In fact, as ear-ly as 1858, J. I. Libby of the Portland Fruit Company made a point of saying that The best apple counties in Maine [are] Oxford, Franklin and Kennebec. Libby also said that that he considered apples the safest and most profitable crop a farmer can raise ... In includ-ing Franklin in his statement, Libby was perhaps a little premature, but only slightly, as the Sandy River Valley would help make the western mountain region one of premier apple producing regions of the northeast. In fact, up un-til the disastrous winter of 1935, when many of Maines apple trees were de-stroyed by intense cold, Maine was the leading apple producing state in New

England. (Today it is number two.) When J. I. Libby made his 1858

statement regarding the apple-produc-ing counties of Maine, he also made a number of recommendations to the regions apple growers. Among other things, they should concentrate on rais-ing Baldwin, King, Newton, Pippin and Golden Russet apples, as they were, in his opinion, the best sellers in Europe. In doing this, they could increase their profit per barrel from $1.50 to $3.00.

Libby also made recommendations as to how apple growers could improve their crop. These improvements in-cluded more cultivation, trees farther apart, potash or other alkali in more liberal quantities [and] spraying to pre-vent rust and the ravages of insects. Glaringly absent from Mr. Libbys rec-

Apple Trees And Honeybeesour maine state insect needs more attentionby Charles Francis

Office Manager Liana Merdan

Field Representatives George Tatro

Contributing Writers Barbara AdamsSherwood W. Anderson Matthew Jude Barker Clarence Bennett Charles Francis | [email protected] Kelly Howe

Franklin IrishDenise LarsonTerry Ann LidralIan MacKinnonCharlotte MayoJohn McDonald James Nalley

Continued on page 4

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ommendations, however, is a reference to pollination. Yet, according to some authorities, pollination is the single fac-tor of greatest importance in apple rais-ing. And pollination is accomplished in just one way, by that most familiar of insects, the honeybee, the creature that has the notable distinction of hav-ing been designated the Official Maine State Insect. To put it simply, without the honeybee there would be no apple crop.

There is nothing particularly unique about Maine having the honeybee as the Official Maine State Insect. More states have it as their official state in-sect than any other. In fact, there are fourteen all together. The Monarch Butterfly is a distant second, with five states claiming it as the state insect or state butterfly.

The way that the honeybee became the Official Maine State Insect is some-what unique, however. In 1975 a grade school teacher named Robert Towne decided to give his class a lesson in civ-ics by having it propose to the Maine

Legislature that the honeybee become the state insect. The class was success-ful in its efforts. Ironically, the main thrust of the elementary school chil-drens argument was that honeybees were integral in the raising of Maine

blueberries. (Townes class was also in-strumental in having the lobster placed on Maine license plates.)

By 1900 estimates placed the num-ber of apple trees in Maine at just over 1,00,000. Over a third of these were in the western mountain region. There was also a Maine State Pomological Society, which had been founded in 1873 and was made up of some 200 ap-ple producers, the bulk of whom lived in the western mountain region. Signifi-cantly, neither this organization nor the Maine Department of Agriculture listed any informational publications on the subject of bees and apple blossom polli-nation in the latter part of the nineteenth century or the beginning of the twenti-eth. Yet, clearly there is a relationship.

Apple blossoms generally come in clusters of five. The first to open is called the king blossom. This is the strongest blossom and should produce the best apple, that is, if it is pollinated properly. Proper pollination requires several vis-its by bees carrying pollen. You know

if an apple has been pollinated enough by counting the number of seeds in the apple. An apple with seven to ten seeds is a good healthy apple. Each seed rep-resents a grain of pollen which has been brought to the apple blossom by a bee. Apples with less seeds will probably be too big and have a mealy or starchy texture and flavor. The apples with the fewest seeds will probably drop to the ground before June is over.

According to The Apple Pest and Management Guide, the best time for an apple blossom to be pollinated is just as it opens. This is why some or-chardists will bring in hives of bees just as apple blossoms begin to open. They may even go so far as to place water barrels or large buckets full of crab apple blossoms to use as a source of cross-pollination in their orchards. These practices were never mentioned in the publications put out by the Maine State Pomological Society in its early years, much less by J. I. Libby in his advice to Maine apple growers in 1858.

One of the most fascinating works ever published on the history and evo-lution of apple growing is the 1993 The Apples of Maine by George Stilphen. It traces the Maine apple back to 1600 in England and France and tells how the first tree was brought here in a barrel. It also has sections dealing with antique apple varieties such as Black Beauty and Tolman, which are virtually un-known today. Even this fascinating and unique approach to Maine history fails to emphasize the role of the honeybee in the development of the economy of the western mountain region of Maine and the state as a whole, however. Per-haps it is time for someone to write a history of Maine from the perspective of the states official insect.

Vintage engraving from 1850 of a group of agricultural workers

gathering apples in the orchard.

Continued from page 4


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Back in the Depression of the 1930s hobos from all over the United States and Canada rode the rails to Maine. They rode on the Maine Central, the Canadian Pacific and the Grand Trunk. Mostly they came in late summer and early fall, for that was when work was to be found, picking apples, raking blueberries and the like. One of those Depression era hobos was a fellow named Fred Dubbin.

Fred Dubbin is famous as hobos go. Thats because he was interviewed on a number of occasions before he passed on by representatives of the print me-dia and for a documentary of the hobo lifestyle.

As to the actual place Fred Dubbin considered home, that is a tossup. Fred moved around so much that it might be best to say his home was the road. Or

it might be better to say his home was not all that far from the parallel lines of steel that carried him from coast to coast. Fred did come to Maine as something of a regular thing, though. He liked Maine. There was less danger to be found here.

The three aforementioned railroads all have at least one thing in common. They served as a means to bring hobos to western Maine, to Oxford, Andro-scoggin and Franklin counties. You could get all around those counties by hopping from main rail line to local rail line in the Depression. That was one of the things Fred Dubbin enjoyed about his sojourns in western Maine: he got to see a good deal of the state. It was a region that was generally viewed as friendly to hobos. While city police tended to make life for the hobo a bit

sticky, small town Maine constables did little beyond making sure hobos toed the straight and narrow.

Folklorists collect hobo tales. There are plenty of hobo tales about Maine. Maine-born Irving Fishbones Ste-vens acceded to the title King of the Hobosin 1997. Stevens rode the rails in the 1930s and wrote two books about his experiences. He invented Irvings Fly Dope. And he crowned one of his daughters as Queen of the Hobos.

While there are a lot of hobo tales from the Depression era, it is harder to find many from the period that is gener-ally regarded as the hobos heyday, the 1890s to 1920s. What does linger from that earlier time are records of tradi-tional hobo signs, the symbols that the knights of the road used to tell fellow travelers whether a particular place was

to be avoided or if it was a good place to tarry.

For the most part a hobos move-ments were guided by the seasons. They went where it was warm. After that they looked for areas where there was work of a seasonal nature. Season-al employment was their preferred me-ter because it allowed them to move on without having to give the impression that they were looking for something permanent, that they might put down roots. Employers never looked at them as anything more than temporary.

The other thing that motivated the hobo was fear. Hobos were afraid of being beaten. They were afraid of being trapped in a reefer, a refrigerator car. They were afraid of freezing to death. Most of all they were afraid of being turned over to the authorities and put in jail.

One of the ways hobos had of deal-ing with their fears was story telling. They told tales of the good places on the road. When Fred Dubbin told his tales of bygone days to interviewers he was recalling stories he told while on the road as to how good a place Maine was to visit.

The other method hobos had of dealing with their fears was to map out places for other hobos, places that were dangerous and places that offered ref-uge. The mapping took the form of a system of chalk symbols or drawings. It was a cartographic method of passing on information. The symbols appeared on trees, sidewalks, old tires, fence posts and gates. Most often they were

found on water towers near train sta-tions. Outside of the train station was where the hobo jumped his ride. The first thing a hobo in new territory would do once he left his train was to head for a water tower.

A good number of hobo signs were obvious. Hats were for men. There were top hats for gentlemen and wide-brim straw hats for farmers. A stick fig-ure was a women. A smiling cat with six whiskers meant the woman was kind-hearted. For some reason cats were the accepted symbols of hospitali-ty. Five circles arranged to make a paw meant a friendly community or village. A bird indicated a telephone. A circle with an arrow indicated direction. It the circle had two arrows, it meant ske-daddle. The letter Z was used to say present yourself as a veteran. A line of horizontal rectangles with a dot inside each were a warning. For instance, rect-angles with a dot followed by a wavy line indicated poisonous water. A large triangle beside three smaller ones was advice to tell a pitiful story. Overlap-ping circles were intended as a sort of psychic pick-me-up. They meant dont give up.

Back in 1914 a version of the folk-song The Dying Hobo was written down by a Maine insurance man named L. A. Madison. Madison never said ex-actly where he encountered the song, except to say it was in a logging camp. He submitted the song to a local paper. The concluding stanzas are as follows:

Im going to a better land, Where everything is bright,Where longnecks grow on bushes, And you sleep out every night;Where you do not have to work at all,Nor even change your socks, Andlittle steams of alcohol Come tinkling down the rocks.

The theme of The Dying Hobo is the same of that found in the hobo folk-song anthem. It is the utopian dream of living atop The Big Rock Candy Mountain. There, handouts grow on bushes and bulldogs have rubber teeth. And again alcohol comes atinkling down the rocks.

One might assume from the above folksong references that hobos were all lazy, good-for-nothing drunks. Actual-ly there was a social structure among those who are sometimes lumped to-gether as hobos, tramps and bums. The common distinction among the three, which is made by those who study the groupings, is strikingly hierarchical. A hobo is a migratory worker; a tramp, a migratory non-worker and a bum a sta-tionary non-worker. Fred Dubbin saw the distinctions in a slightly different light. Hobos worked and wandered, tramps dreamed and wandered and bums drank and wandered. Perhaps the first best explains why Fred Dubbin liked western Maine. He came here a wanderer and found work in the fields and orchards. Then he left to wander again with a bit of money in his pocket.

Hobo Signs|Migratory Workers Flocked To Western Maineby Charles Francis

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Determined to pursue legal ca-reers, two young college grad-uates took positions as clerks in the law offices of Bradley and Barrows in Fryeburg in 1827. One was Stephen Stark, a Dartmouth graduate. The other was Alpheus Felch, a Bowdoin graduate.

Stephen Stark came from a well-to-do Conway, New Hampshire fam-ily. Alpheus Felch had been orphaned at age three and brought up by ageing grandparents for whom luxuries of any kind were an extreme rarity. Stark and Felch both graduated from Frye-burg Academy the same year. They both studied under the Reverend Amos Cook, a Congregational minister, his-torian and teacher noted for his strong sense of ethics and appreciation of moral and natural law.

Justice, The Law And Alpheus Felchrespected lawyer from fryeburgby Charles Francis

Prior to enrolling at Fryeburg Acad-emy, Alpheus Felch attended Exeter Academy in New Hampshire. He dropped out to teach because of fi-nancial necessity. The aforementioned disparities in their backgrounds aside, Alpheus Felch and Stephen Stark were not all that dissimilar. For one thing, both counted Revolutionary War heroes in their family tree. Stephen Stark was a nephew of General John Stark. Al-pheus Felchs grandfather Abijah Felch distinguished himself as a Minuteman. Stark and Felch had at least one other characteristic in common they were highly ethical individuals. The latter similarity may be traced to their being tutored by the Reverend Cook.

Stephen Stark and Alpheus Felch would go on to life-long careers in the law. Of the two, Felch, would be the more notable. Stark would spend the majority of his life as a practicing attor-ney in Waterville and serve as a Maine State Representative and Senator. Felch would begin his career in Houlton. He, however, would go on to be Governor of Michigan and a U.S. Senator. In ad-dition, Felch would head up one of the most contentious land claims settle-ments in American history, the claims that came about as a result of the an-nexation by the U.S. of much of the southwest from Mexico.

For all intents it would seem the Reverend Amos Cook taught his pupils a theory of natural law that centered on two key propositions. The first is that humans have a natural tendency to pur-sue happiness. The second is that hu-mans have a similar natural tendency to pursue justice. The natural appetite to pursue justice is a tendency to obey moral law no matter what the conse-quences may be for our own welfare. That appetite for justice may be illus-trated as follows.

In denying that humans seek happi-ness in all their choices, the individual is maintaining that their own happiness is not the only possible aim in life. An individual may map out his or her life in the service of someone elses hap-piness, or for the furtherance of some cause unlikely to be realized in his or her lifetime. For example, a daughter may forgo the prospect of marriage or career to nurse a bedridden parent. In a case like this it is unconvincing to say that such people are seeking their own happiness in so far as they are doing what they want to do. Public servants, teachers and the clergy may serve as more common examples of those fol-lowing the natural tendency to pursue justice. Alpheus Felch would seem an admirable example of an individual

Continued on page 11


who devoted his life to the public weal. That devotion, however, was not the basis for his own particular version of natural law.

Natural law as Alpheus Felch came to see it was likely influenced by the American Revolution and can therefore be traced to his grandfathers part in that conflict. Felch came to distinguish be-tween two classes of rights: those that could be legitimately renounced (such as the right to private property) and those that are inalienable (such as the right to life). Property rights are estab-lished by human law; they are enforce-able in court. Property rights are own-ership rights. The right to life is a moral right. Individuals have moral rights that have nothing to do with ownership. An example here would be a host allowing his guests at table the use of his food and drink. Use in this sense does not confer ownership. Individuals have a moral right to the use of necessities of life but because this is a moral right,

it is not enforceable in court. Alpheus Felchs conception of natural law can be seen most notably in his career as Michigan bank commissioner, as U.S. Public Lands Commission Chairman in California and as a professor of law at the University of Michigan.

The life of Alpheus Felch may be summed up with the following few succinct points. He was born in Limer-ick, Maine on September 23, 1804. He died in Ann Arbor, Michigan, on June 13, 1896. Felchs career as a lawyer and politician crisscrossed the United States, although the majority of his life was devoted to service in his adopted state of Michigan.

Alpheus Felch was admitted to the Maine bar in 1830, and almost imme-diately was commissioned to recover a law library in Houlton, Maine. He remained there in the practice of law until 1833, when he undertook a jour-ney to the South for reasons of health. A combination of factors, including the contraction of cholera, led Felch to

Michigan, where he made Ann Arbor his permanent home.

Alpheus Felchs first political posi-tion was that of a county representative in the State legislature, 1835-1837. He then served as State Bank Commission-er in 1838 and 1839. In the latter posi-tion he is credited with exposing much of the corruption associated with wild cat banking. In 1842 Felch was made Auditor General of the state, but was appointed to the State Supreme Court only a few weeks later, upon the res-ignation of Judge William A. Fletcher. Felch served in this position until 1845, when he was elected governor.

Alpheus Felch served as governor of Michigan from January 5, 1846, to March 3, 1847, when he resigned this office upon his election to the United States Senate. Felch served in the Sen-ate from March 4, 1847, to March 3, 1853. He was an active member on the U.S. Committee on Public Lands, and during his final three years in office was its Chairman.

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In 1853 Felch was appointed chair-man of a public commission to settle land claims in California. The Public Land Commission, a former agency of the United States government, was created following the California gold rush to determine the validity of old Mexican and Spanish land grants in California. Grantees were to present evidence supporting their land titles within a two-year period. If they did not, the property would automatically pass into the public domain. It should be noted the practice was contrary to the treaty that ended the war with Mex-ico whereby California passed to the United States.

As a general statement historians commend Alpheus Felchs role as Chairman of the Public Lands Com-mission. They point to the fact Felch was largely responsible for eventual-ly confirming 604 of the 813 claims received. One of the more significant sets of claims was filed on behalf of the

Roman Catholic Church. The church sought the return of all former mis-sion lands in California. Ownership of land occupied by the original mission buildings, cemeteries, and gardens was subsequently conveyed to the Church. Unfortunately, however, the cost of lit-igation eventually forced most claim-ants to lose their property.

In June of 1856, with the commis-sions work complete, Felch returned to Ann Arbor and the practice of law. In the spring of 1879 he was appointed Tappan law professor at the Universi-ty of Michigan, a position from which he resigned in 1883. Felch remained an active figure in his later years, serving as president of the Michigan State His-torical Society from 1888 to 1894. He died in 1896. Today he is looked upon as one of the most significant figures in the early and formative years of the state. It is a position that owes much to Alpheus Felchs particular interpreta-tion of the law.

Alpheus Felch is looked upon as one

of the most significant figures in the early and formative years

of Maine.


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history 5 or more generations and

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My first ride in a car (Model T) was when I was 5 years old. I think there was a dealer in Bridgton who sold them on the train down on Fore Street on a siding. You would unload and start off yourself. My uncle, Fred March, was driving for Cobbs Camps in Denmark, so Dad got him to ride in on the train to get the car.

He paid for it, filled the gas tank, put in oil and water, cranked it up and drove home with it. I can remember what a homecoming that was. We all got in and rode around the field. Then Dad tried it out. He never did learn to back up, and pretty nearly broke an arm cranking it.

He took the family, two sisters, my mother and I. We got over to Madison, New Hampshire and were going up a small hill when an axle broke. We went back, and, of course, he couldnt stay in the road. We had the top down and folded up behind the rear seat. It had hardwood bows. The rear wheels dropped over the bank and the top and back seat folded around a 10 oak tree. We stopped right there, all scared to death. Model Ts had the brake on the trans-mission so we were freewheeling. Dad got out and walked ahead to the post office about a quarter of a mile. The post-master was crippled so he got a neighbor to drive his team. He hooked on, pulled the car up over the bank and then let it roll back, which didnt do it much good. The next pull they kept going and got the car down to the post office. Then the postmaster took us home in his new Moon.

Dad got a local mechanic who had a helper. He got an

My First Experience With CarsMemories With A Model T

axle driven over and put it in for $10. Another fellow got in the back seat and put his feet on the bend and, lo and be-hold, snapped it right back, but the bows had to be replaced. A carpenter did that job. It was quite a while before Dad trusted the car again.

He had me driving when I had to sit in his lap to reach the pedals. I was doing all the driving at 14. I got my li-cense at 15 and Dad didnt drive much after that. He bought a 1914 sedan and gave me the old 1914. If I had kept it whole, it would have paid for one year in college. But no, I stripped off the body, made a rather clumsy- looking wood-en body just the width of the frame with no mudguard. I did my courting in that and later I made a metal body. That old 14 had a high compression head and other Model Ts were left in my dust. Also three-speed cars were left on the hills. I finally retired the old girl and made one of the best saw rigs I ever saw or used. About that time 1 got a chainsaw and cut my wood up in the woods.

To finish my story, while I was gone on a fishing trip, my youngest son and another boy took the engine out and put it in an old chassis the other boy had. When I used it for belt power I took out the low band, so they had to start in high. I guess they pushed it down the hill. They were on the rims in the old jalopy and got it running. They rode until the wheels went to pieces. I had a Model T homemade tractor at the time on which I had cracked the transmission case. I sold all my Model T parts to a collector, and that ended that story.

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In 1861 geology professor Charles Hitchcock of Dartmouth College found a five-pound mass of raw tin ore not far from Mount Mica in Paris. The discovery quite excited Professor Hitchcock, as he thought such a sizable ore mass was an indication of major tin deposits in the region, deposits that would prove to be of such extent as to be in paying quantities.

At the time of the discovery of the lump of tin Professor Hitchcock was working on a comprehensive geologi-cal report for the Maine Board of Agri-culture. Hitchcock and Ezekiel Holmes, a medical doctor as well as sometime Maine State Senator and publisher, had been hired to complete an earlier geol-ogy study done by Dr. Charles Jackson in 1836. While Jackson had compiled a report on the entire state, its major

Main Street from High Street, Bridgton Maine Item #100302 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection


thrust had been the states public lands. Much of the work of Hitchcock and Holmes was intended to expand on the early survey, especially in western and central Maine.

Professor Hitchcock and Dr. Holmes produced reports in 1861 and 1862 for the Maine Board of Agriculture. Among other things the reports identi-fied the broad band of slate that extend-ed eastward from Caratunk to Brown-ville and beyond. This was where some of the finest roofing slate in the United States would come from in later years. Hitchcock was, of course, wrong about major deposits of tin existing in the Ox-ford County region.

Charles Hitchcock was one of the most important geologists in the mid part of the nineteenth century. It was his work much more than that of Eze-

kiel Holmes, the physician, that did so much to lay the foundations for the ear-ly mineral development of Maine, most notably the slate of the central part of the state and the mica and tourmaline of Oxford County. Charles Hitchcocks 1861 and 1862 surveys in Maine also helped further the development of a popular theory in the field of geology as it existed in the nineteenth century, a theory that some have called Biblical Geology. This theory played a part in the creation of Hitchcocks Geological Map of Maine, 1885.

Professor Charles Hitchcock was one of the most prominent figures in the field of geology in the mid to late 1800s. His Geologic Map of Maine, 1885 speaks to his overall expertise. In-directly it also speaks to the now deni-

Charles Hitchcock: Biblical Geologistimportant geologist in the 19th century by Charles Francis


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grated theories associated with Biblical Geology.

Professor Hitchcocks 1885 map of Maine is one of the most advanced of the period. Among other things it at-tempts to place the geology of Maine into historic perspective. As the 1885 map was done at a time when the eons of old forces that act upon the face of the earth were just beginning to be in-vestigated and understood, it was nec-essary for Hitchcock to draw on his own understanding and background in the development of the map. In order to appreciate what this entails it is nec-essary to explore where Charles Hitch-cock came from and what his early training involved.

In the mid-1800s Charles Hitch-cock was the preeminent authority on the geology of northern New England. In addition to his academic position at Dartmouth College and his work as Maine State geologist, Hitchcock was Vermont and New Hampshire state ge-

ologist. He was also a proponent of the theory that science in general and geol-ogy in particular the theory of Bibli-cal Geology far from conflicting with religion, actually proves it.

Charles Hitchcock was the son of Edward Hitchcock, Amherst Colleges eminent and groundbreaking professor of geology and the founder of the theory that some refer to as Biblical Geology.

The elder Hitchcock conducted the first geological survey of the state of Massachusetts. This survey paid spe-cial attention to the fossil dinosaur footprints that appear in profusion in the shale of the Connecticut Valley of western Massachusetts. A Calvinist minister as well as a scientist, Edward Hitchcock saw changes in the makeup of the earths surface as a product of in-tense pressures brought about by short-term forces of glaciation and flooding or catastrophe rather than their long-term operation. In other words, the earth was a recent creation as indicated in the Biblical story of Genesis.

Charles Hitchcock drew up his 1885 map of Maine from the perspectives of his fathers theory. This is especially notable in his mapping of western and southwestern Maine where Hitchcock identified beds of metamorphic rock and magma that he saw as the result of a catastrophic short term ice age. In other words, sedimentary rock and magma had been shaped by the weight of short-lived glaciers.

Charles Hitchcocks theories as they relate to Biblical Geology are now a thing of the past. Geologists now rec-ognize that ice ages lasted for extensive periods of time. Likewise, Hitchcocks terms for the strata of western Maine, Montalban and Laurentian, now mean little if anything to modern-day geolo-gists. Nevertheless, the work of Charles Hitchcock and to a lesser extent Eze-kiel Holmes played an important part in the development of western Maine, as companies like Consolidated Mica and others moved in to Oxford County and adjacent mineral-rich areas.


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Small town actress Reta Shaw was born in South Paris, Maine on Fri-day 13, 1912. If one was supersti-tious youd think the worst would come to this little baby girl. Reta was brought up on Pine Street in South Paris, Maine with one sibling, a sister Marguerite.

Reta Shaw was a natural-born talent, the daughter of Howard and Edna Shaw.

Howard had many talents, playing piano, banjo, clarinet, saxophone, xy-lophone, and drums. Mr. Shaw was well-known for his Shaw Orchestra which Reta was a member of in the roaring 20s. The Shaw Orchestra en-tertained for twenty-five years, then Howard went on to radio broadcasting and worked for the railroad. At the time of his death, age 62, 1945, he was pre-paring his Sunday papers for delivery in his garage in South Paris, Maine.

During her young school days and into high school Reta acted in many school plays and went on to appear at the Riverside Theater in Bridgton, Maine.

Reta was a graduate of Leland Pow-ers School of Theater in Boston, and during World War II she toured with the Red Cross Club Mobile Unit in the Eu-ropean Theater entertaining the troops.

She debuted in the play It Takes Two, which unfortunately turned out to be a dud.

However, she went on to entertain in other musicals playing character roles

in Annie Get Your Gun and Gentle-men Prefer Blondes. Gentlemen Prefer Blondes ran for two years in the Zieg-feld Theater in New York. Shaw worked with Carol Channing on this play. The first on-the-road performance of Gen-tlemen Prefer Blondes took place in the Palace Theater in Chicago.

In the Pajama Game, Reta Shaw had created the character of Mabel in 1954. She reprised the role in the film version.

She was also one of the few original cast members of Picnic to be invited to appear in the 1956 film version.

Most baby boomers recognize Shaw for her roles in Mary Poppins, star-ring Julie Andrews, Pollyanna as the housekeeper (starring a very young Haley Mills), Meet Me in St. Louis and The Ghost and Mr. Chicken with Don Knotts. Her television appearances in-clude Floa Macauley on The Ann So-thern Show as the overbearing wife of gentlemanly hotel owner Jason Macau-ley played by Ernest Truex. (1958-59)

In 1960-61 she played the house-keeper Thelma to Tab Hunters char-acter Paul Morgan in NBCs The Tab Hunter Show.

In 61-62 she once again played a housekeeper in Ichabod and Me, starring Robert Sterling and George Chandler.

1962 Reta appeared in the NBC western series The Outlaws with Bar-

ton Maclane. She also guest starred in The Lloyd Bridges Show.

Reta appeared in the series Be-witched and as Miss Gormley in The Brian Keith Show.

She also played an escaped convict, Big Maud Tyler on The Andy Griffith Show titled Convicts at Large. She also played another character Eleanora Poul-tice, the educated voice teacher of the legendary Barney Fife (Don Knotts).

Perhaps her most famous role is Martha the housekeeper in the televi-sion series The Ghost and Mrs. Muir from 1968-1970.

Her last film was the original version of Escape to Witch Mountain in 1975.

Shaw played a strong, stern boom-ing-voiced woman in many of her roles. However, apparent in interview materials was the fact that she was a quiet and an appreciative person when it came to her everyday life with friends and family.

Its not known when Reta moved to California or when she married Mr. William Forester.

Reta Shaw Forester died of emphy-sema in Encino, California at the age of 69, 1981. She was laid to rest in the Columbarium of Remembrance at For-est Lawn Hollywood Hills Cemetery.

Information for this piece was gath-ered in collaboration with the Paris Cape Historical Society, South Paris Maine.

Reta Shaw|a south paris starby Charlotte Mayo



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Perhaps the trout dinner I had at the old sluice remains in my memory as the best trout meal I ever had. This happened on the Dead Cambridge River with Bill Bachelder, Gordon Irish, Albion Douglass and my-self. Bill says (after we had carried over the dam), If you fellows could catch a few trout, Ill get dinner. Well, Bill had a dish of boiled potatoes with him, so he began peeling and slicing. (This, my friends, was real home fries.) Some-body got a gas-stove going and Bill dug

out a couple of 12-inch fry pans and started the potatoes.

Albion and I started fishing below the sluice and the trout started to hit. Gordon pulled out his knife and start-ed cleaning. As soon as he got a couple ready, Bill started cooking. He had one pan all ready with bacon fat sizzling. He rolled the trout in cornmeal and put them in. They were so fresh they rolled over in the fat.

These were 8 to 10 inch trout, so we stopped fishing after we had caught enough for dinner. Bill hollered, Come and get it!

We gathered up our cups and plates. Bill boiled coffee along with everything else. He dished out the trout cooked like no one else ever duplicated in my memory. Out came the home fries and we ate so much we could hardly walk. Boy, was that good! Bless you, old Bill.

Fresh Trout |cooking over the campfireby Franklin Irish

Main Street, Norway Maine Item #101984 from the Eastern Illustrating &


Dock at Shepards Camps, Norway Maine Item #104882 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection

and www.PenobscotMarineMuseum.org Other businesses from

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When the Grand Trunk Rail-way was first run through from Montreal to Portland, the first train was a fast express which contained a large amount of money to pay the contractor and builders. When it reached Gilead, just above the Mo-ses Mason place, it ran into logs on the track, and the train derailed. The $100,000 the train was taking was gone, and it was thought six men were the robbers, and that they had escaped into the woods. The townspeople were upset. They sent for officers, and a re-ward of $1000 was offered for the rob-bers capture. The officers thought they had gone to either Canada or Portland, where they could take a boat to some out-of-the way place, so they watched for them there.

Francis Brown of Gilead was a boy of sixteen then. His parents were poor, and $1000 looked tempting. He thought of the great help it would be to his family if he could get the reward. He did not know how he would do it, but he thought the robbers would remain hidden somewhere in the woods for a while, until they thought the chance of capture would be less.

He was a grandfather in the 1900s when he related this story. One day, he said, I took my rifle and started

for the woods. There was a large cave back under Caribou Mountain which I always thought would be an excellent place to hide in, and it occurred to me that maybe the robbers would know where it was and hide there. I went up about noon. All was quiet but I thought I would stay and keep watch awhile. So I hid behind a rock just opposite the mouth of the cave. About three oclock I heard something in the bushes and very soon heard voices.

Six rough-looking men armed with rifles and with packs on their backs soon appeared. I listened and heard them tell how they wrecked the train, how much money there was, and what was each mans share. Then they decided to stay overnight in the cave, and the next morning to separate and go in different directions. While I was thinking what I could do to capture them, I discovered that the rock behind which I was hiding could be moved and be rolled directly

over the mouth of the cave. With great care not to make any noise, I dug the dirt at the front of the rock then tried to roll it down. But it resisted all my ef-forts to move it.

So I took my jack knife and cut a small beech which I used as a lever. With that I rolled the rock and it cov-ered the mouth of the cave completely. I knew they could not move the stone, so I started home to get help in capturing them. As soon as I got there I told my father, and he said they would get out, but I knew they wouldnt.

Francis then got on a horse and start-ed for Bethel to get the sheriff. But he stopped at a lawyers first to be sure he could get the reward himself.

It was too late to think of going up there that night, he said, but the next morning the sheriff, with a posse of twelve men, came and we went to the cave. We told the men they were pris-oners and it would be better for them to give up peacefully. They finally agreed to come out and surrender. So with bars which we had brought from home we removed the rock from the entrance, and the men were captured, money and all. They were then taken to Paris where they were sentenced to imprisonment. I got the reward alright, and a great help the money was to us.

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It was not generally known in the early 1900s that a manufacturing plant in Rumford Falls had devel-oped from a modest beginning four years earlier, to a company produc-ing 20,000,000 paper bags and tons of wrapping paper per day. It had no rival in the world in production or quality of its goods. From the onset expansion was also planned to meet the expected demand for its products. It was under the management of General Superinten-dent Theo Hawley, forty years of age.

As a young man, Hawley was an of-fice boy at the National Rubber Com-pany in Bristol, Rhode Island, where his father had previously served as su-perintendent. Young Hawley displayed a talent in the operation of the printing presses there, and went on to a job at a printing company in New York where he became foreman, and attracted the attention of President Herman Elsas of Elsas Paper Company. The Elsas Paper Company merged with the Continen-tal Paper Company and transferred its plant to Rumford Falls. Hawley was put in charge of the operation, where he had absolute supervision and control. Here he also built what was regarded as the finest private residence in the town, and joined several organizations and the Board of Trade. He earned the

respect of the business community, as well as that of the future 500 employees of the business.

The company started in a location formerly owned by the International Paper Company as a finishing room which measured 40x80 feet. Its early production was 600,000 bags per day, and there were 40 or 50 employees of both sexes. The girls were not allowed to start or stop the machinery, but took the goods from the machines and folded and finished them for delivery. Hawley anticipated the tremendous growth of the business, and searched for a more suitable building. Within a few weeks sheds were built, covered with tar pa-per, and were eventually reinforced with a suitable roof and enclosed.

Within two months the production increased to 3,000,000 bags per day. All grades were made, particularly the flat, square, satchel bottom variety, which became known in the trade as the A.B.C. bag. The company controlled all patents used in the production of the goods, and manufactured every kind of bag used by wholesale grocers and traders. The payroll in 1903 was $4,000 per week. The company paid more than any similar operation in the country. The company consumed 100 tons of paper for the manufacture of the

bags alone. It manufactured all kinds of printed and plain wrapping paper and shipped its good all over the country. Trade to Canada was constantly devel-oped. Four car loads of bags and paper were sent to New York City daily.

Construction was underway for a new building, which would be an annex to the main building and contain 100 machines used exclusively for the man-ufacture of the A.B.C. bags. Plans were also underway for the construction of yet another building. The International Paper Company supplied the materi-al for the bags and wrapping paper by means of a trolley system connecting the two concerns.

In 1903 it was said of the company, It is a model establishment in its every department, and it has contributed po-tently to the reputation, growth, and de-velopment of the town, and will contin-ue upon a new era of prosperity in this coming year in which the community promises to show a municipal mantle and take a proud place in the galaxy of twenty-one cities in the grand old Pine Tree State.

The Worlds Biggest Paper Bag Plantrumford falls factory produced 3 million bags per dayby Barbara Adams

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Ask about the Waldo Street Fire in Rumford and someone will have a sto-ry.It was one of the largest in the histo-ry of the town.

The fire burned many homes and businesses while others remained un-scathed.

There is a wide variation of stories on how it started on that August day of 1923. There had been some rainy days. Most believe that a group of touring actors had hung their clothes to dry near a wood stove which then caught the curtains on fire.

To battle this blaze the town just wasnt equipped so they had to call in Lewiston, which

their truck was sent by special train.Total damage done by this fire was es-timated at nearly $500,000.

On February 20, 1993 I had the pleasure of meeting Mrs. Alma Pepin of 517 Waldo Street, a survivor of the Waldo St. fire. Mrs. Pepin at that time was 93 years young.

Alma came to Rumford from Can-ada as a young girl of seventeen, and she met Paul Pepin, who also had come from Canada. They were mar-ried in May of 1923. They settled in an apartment at 237 Waldo Street.

Paul was working at the Oxford Pa-

Rumford On Fire | A 1923 Remembrance story of the waldo street fire in 1923. the estimated damage of the fire was nearly $500,000, a huge sum in those days.by Charlotte Mayo

per Mill and Alma was working in the printing shop of the Diamond Match Company in Peru printing the lettering on the bags. She received nine dollars a week. Just before the strike at the bag mill she was making twenty one dollars a week.

Alma stated, On that August day of 1923 a friend and I were just returning from raspberry picking when we saw smoke coming from a second story win-dow of the Majestic Theatre building.

Alma continued, Paul arrived home and told me to pack as many clothes as I could. He feared that we might lose everything. I packed, and my mother brought a truck and picked up as much of our belongings as possible. All you could see was fire, fire everywhere.

Mrs. Pepins neighbors at that time were Mrs. Blanchard, Mrs. Dupris, Mrs. Doirion and Mr.Lecour.

One of the buildings that burned belonged to Mr. Henri Borsseau. He owned a drug store which was located on Almas side of the street. Mr. Bors-seau also owned a two-and-a- half story building plus a rent. His total loss from the fire was estimated at $14,000.

The fire stopped at Almas apart-ment building. We had a lot of water damage. There was almost a foot of

water on my kitchen floor. Everything was floating around.

After the fire stopped on Waldo Street it jumped to Hancock Street where one block was burned.

At the time of the fire Alma states, I was two months pregnant with twins. They were born in January of 1924.

After the fire one of the store own-ers offered Paul anything he could sal-vage from the damage. He found many scraps of cloth that were in excellent condition. I used the flannel to make diapers for the twins.

When asked if she ever attended the Majestic Theater, Alma respond-ed, You could get in for twelve cents to see a movie. If you had a dime they would also let you in. The movies I re-member were silent cowboy movies. There was also an organ in the theatre that someone used to play.

The apartment where Alma lived during the great Waldo Street fire is the LaParesseux (Snowshoe) Club today.

Alma Pepin passed away at the age of 96 at the Rumford Community Home where she had been a patient for a short three months.

She was born on July 13, 1899 in

Continued on page 24 Other businesses from this area are featured in the color section.


Bouctouche, New Brunswick. Her par-ents were Arcade and Anegline LeB-lanc Hebert. She moved to Rumford in 1917 and was a communicant of St. Athanasius-St. John Church and was a member of the Ladies of Ste. Anne for 10 years. She had been employed in the printing room of the Diamond Match Co. in West Peru.

Her sons were Joseph Leonel Pe-pin of Auburn, Gerard and Roger Pe-pin both of Rumford, Paul Pepin Jr. of Newport, and three daughters, Mrs. Wendell (Bertha) Moerson of Wheaton, Maryland. Mrs. Maurice (Pauline) Go-gan of Mexico and Anita Goudreau of Montreal, Quebec.

Two brothers, Gerard Hebert of Mexico and Arthur Hebert of Platts-burg, New York, three sisters, Aline Patrie and Germaine Whittemore both of Rumford and Mrs. Harold (Rita) Walker of Carthage, 22 grandchil-dren, 22 great-grandchildren and seven

great-great-grandchildren. She was pre-deceased by a brother, Joseph Hebert.

I didnt get to meet Helen. Howev-er she sent me a letter in answer to my call for any personal information on the Waldo Street Fire.

Mrs. Keyo wrote:

I am eighty-one years old and have written a book called Re-membrance. In it I did a chapter about the Waldo Street Fire.

Our family the Uptons lived on Byron Street in Rumford across from Mr. and Mrs. Canton.

Mother was away working at the Rumford Post Office. My dad was working the three to elev-en shift at Oxford Paper Mill in Rumford. My brother Edward and I were home alone.

Mr. Canton watered our house down as well as others, as flam-ing material was falling all about.

When mother tried to come

home she had to go by way of Franklin Street and Lincoln Av-enue, as most streets were roped off. No one slept that night.

The next morning it was noth-ing but cellars and ashes.

Years later when I was married, my husband Francais Keyo told me the day of the fire his parents were at the family cottage at Rox-bury Point. The boys, Francais and Howard had stayed home.

When they heard about the fire they left home, doors unlocked. Later that evening their parents arrived home to find their sons gone and the doors still unlocked. Francais told me that they re-ceived a very stern lecture from their parents.

Our family had moved from the Majestic Theatre building only two weeks before the fire. I was around ten or eleven at the time of the fire.




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Author Robert C. Williams, who holds a doctorate from Harvard University and has written several volumes on his-tory, takes on the story of his adopted town of Lovell, where his grandfather had a summer camp on Kezar Lake, and tells it ably in Lovewells Town: Lovell, Maine. From Howl-ing Wilderness to Vacationland in Trust.

As a typical historian who cant travel to a place nor, es-pecially, live in it without being curious about its past and its inhabitants, Williams starts out on his journey of discovery with Captain John Lovewells Great Fight at Pequawket, now Fryeburg, in 1725. In recounting his findings, Williams tells all, including the fact that the battle took place on May 9, a Sunday, but the report given to the authorities gave the date of May 8, a Saturday, so that no one would think less of the participating Harvard divinity student who took the first Indian scalp of the day and collected the bounty of 100 English pounds something that might be frowned upon during a time when even chopping wood on Sunday for heat and cooking was condemned.

Not a formal history of Lovell nor a biography of leading families, Lovewells Town is part reporting, part gossip, and all well researched. Early settlers such as Andrews, Chan-dler, Fox, Kimball, McAlaster, Stearns, and Walker are fea-

Lovewells Town|a book reviewtured, but so are Squando, Molly Ockett, and the stories of Native Americans who cleared wide expanses of land to meadow and cornfield yet were dismissed by English au-thorities as not having worked the land and thus forfeited any claim to it.

Lovewells Town is divided into chronological chapters that are then subdivided into topics such as canals, timber, slavery, the Civil War, railroads, camps, ice making, and conservation. These subchapters read like letters that some-one at home would write to an absent friend or family mem-ber. The informal typeface that was selected for Lovewells Town reinforces the feeling of the books being a personal account of whats happening in Lovell.

Lovewells Town is the story of a linear village along the Scoggin Trail between the Saco and Androscoggin riv-ers, its kernel, its bloom, and its subsequent division, like a favorite perennial in grandmothers garden. And like a favorite flower, Lovell continues to bring pleasure to its in-habitants and visitors alike.

Lovewells Town: Lovell, Maine. From Howling Wilder-ness to Vacationland in Trust by Robert C. Williams, ISBN: 978-0-9722839-4-6, $26.67; Just Write Books, www.jst-write.com

by Denise R. Larson

Post Office, Lovell Maine Item #101260 from the Eastern Illustrating & Publishing Co. Collection


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On the evening of Aug. 15, 1936, a bottle of Champagne was smashed against the prosceni-um in a small 300-seat theatre in the town of Harrison, Maine. The festive evening was capped with a beautiful reading of Cyrano de Bergerac by clas-sical actor Walter Hampden. Sitting in the audience was Enrica Clay Dillon, who for three long years watched her dream-child transform from an isolat-ed deer run into a near-perfect theatre nestled in the hills of Southern Maines Lake Region. So near-perfect were the acoustics that some performers have been known to open their programs by dropping a pin onto the stage, which could be heard by every member of the audience. With the initial goal of only nurturing artistic development, Dillon

The Deertrees Theatresuccess measured by fine work, not box-office drawby James Nalley did much more than that. Within three

years after its opening, the theatre had become one of the most enchanting venues in the state with sponsorship from names such as Humphrey Bogart, Rudy Vallee, and Helen Hayes.

Although Freda Behrens, a close friend of Dillon, claimed that the origi-nal idea of creating the theatre evolved from a discussion in the kitchen in 1933, it was probably conceived much earlier. In fact, Dillon had frequented Harrison since 1916, when she served as a vocal coach for singer Marie Sun-delius, who would eventually become a star at New Yorks Metropolitan Opera House. The tranquil beauty of the area affected Dillon greatly, and she even-tually purchased a house on Dawes Hill, which is where the theatre stands today. But Dillon was more than just a coach. She had an impressive resume

that included more than 25 years of di-recting and production experience with well-known companies such as the Na-tional Opera Company in Washington, D.C., the Philadelphia Opera Society, and the New York Opera Guild. Accord-ing to the history of Deertrees Theatre, Each summer, she would bring her stu-dents from New York to Harrison, and

when her summer school productions grew too large for her porch, she built a theatre.

With an initial plan in mind, Dillon utilized her connections and enlisted the help of New York architect Har-rison Wiseman. His building design consisted of a pitched floor that could be detached to provide extra seating if necessary. It also included a 30-mem-ber orchestra pit, stage dimensions identical to the Metropolitan Opera House, and the best theatre equipment of any venue outside of New York City. In addition, rose hemlock was taken from the property, which was beau-tifully hand carved to form all of the beams, doors, trim, and light fixtures. Of course, all of this cost a substantial sum of $60,000, which Dillon had care-fully and quietly received through her network of anonymous underwriters, friends and family.

After the successful opening night, the first season offered two more pro-ductions a musical evening by Elea-

nor Steele and Hal Clovis on Aug. 20, followed by a season-closing song and dance performance more than a week later on Aug. 29. The following 1937 season included four plays and a musi-cal comedy with a well-known cast of professional actors, which established Deertrees as a competitive addition to other theatres in the region. But in 1938, as the highly anticipated summer season approached, the theatre mysteri-ously remained closed. In a letter pub-lished in the Bridgton News on Aug. 5, 1938, Dillon wrote:

Deertrees Theatre was not built in the first place with the idea of being a competitive organization to other the-atres, but (was) a laboratory and exper-imental theatre where problems could be worked out in perfect surroundings. I needed to have both quiet and and time to think out a more practical plan that would overcome the difficulties (while keeping) the performances at a high standard.

But by the 1939 season, Bela Blau,

an enthusiastic Hungarian theater pro-ducer, arrived at Deertrees and every-thing had changed. That summer, the former experimental theatre was ex-panded into a fullfledged, nine-week drama festival complete with Broad-way casts traveling direct from New York for new performances every week. The impressive roster included legendary names such as Ethyl Barry-more, Edward Horton, and Rudy Val-lee, who performed his first dramatic role. The 1940 season was even more exciting with eight performances a week that included two matinees. Al-though future plans required some type of financial following, Blau had print-ed a humble announcement in the final playbill in 1940: You know why I do not want audiences on a subscription basis, for I have repeatedly urged you not to come ... in the name of art or ... duty. A well-presented play will find its audience, and a production that does not deserve support will not and should



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not receive it. I will say no more. Two months later, as Blau sat in a doctors office complaining of chest pains, he died from a massive heart attack on Oct. 21, 1940 at the age of only 44.

As stated in the history of Deertrees Theatre, Following the tragic death of Bela Blau, Enrica Clay Dillon re-grouped by returning to her first love, opera. Her solution was to open an op-era training school and inaugurate The Deertrees Opera Company. For the next two seasons, beautiful strains of opera from composers such as Pucci-ni echoed through the theatres rafters as the company utilized every aspect of the venues design to accentuate the beauty and drama of the productions. But by the end of the 1942 summer season, the United States had become fully involved in World War II and on Aug. 31, Deertrees presented a Red Cross/U.S.O Benefit concert and closed its doors for the next three years during those uncertain times.

After the war ended in 1945 and Americans had settled back into some sense of moving forward in their lives, Dillon re-opened the Deertrees Theatre in the summer of 1946. Billed as the re-juvenated Summer Festival of Opera and Drama, she produced a weekly program of plays, operas, and musical programs. Unfortunately, by mid-sum-mer, Dillons health had posed a prob-lem and she was forced to discontinue her involvement in the program. On Oct. 9, 1946, she died at the age of 72 and the stage remained dark for a peri-od of three years.

For the next four decades, the Deer-trees had closed and re-opened so many times that it was unofficially called the Theater of Twilights. As stated by director Robert Morehead in an Aug. 1970 interview in the Portland Tele-gram, If something doesnt happen I dont know if well open next year ... This place has had so many twilights; what it needs is a few more sunrises. This statement couldnt have been

more true with an exhausting list of new directions and plans that includ-ed serving as a local-resident summer stock company in the late 1940s, a leased facility for various concerts up to 1965, a summer training institute for the students at Emerson College until 1969, and the home of both an opera company as well as an experimental theatre in the 1970s. In 1979 after years of financial struggle, the theatre fore-closed and its deed was turned over to the Town of Harrison. In the 1980s, it slowly fell into serious disrepair, and Dillons former dream began fading into history.

Fortunately, a group of citizens, led by Dr. Allan Mills, planned to revive the theatre back into its former glory despite theoverwhelming challenges. As stated in the history of Deertrees, At first, performances were staged on the theatres front porch as the building was considered unsafe for occupan-cy, but by the early 1990s restoration allowed the original stage to be used

again. In 1999, the non-profit Deer-trees Foundation received the deed to the theatre from the Town of Harri-son and its future once again looked bright. Today, the idealism that opened the original Deertrees Theatre remains alive and the theatre is home to a hand-ful of reputable programs such as the Sebago-Long Lake Chamber Music Festival, the Deertrees Theatre Festi-val and the Lake Region Community Theatre, which produces a combined total of approximately 50 productions during the summer season of June through September. Perhaps it was best said by Enrica Dillon in her program notes on opening night back in 1936:

It would be so easy to commercial-ize the entire venture. It would be so easy to devote our efforts to produc-tions that spell continuous box-office success. Such success is essential, but to my mind chiefly as a means to an end: Deertrees Theatre must stand for the beautiful, the truly real, for fine work and for unwavering ideals.

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In 1900 a canning business called The Corn Shop, was opened in Monmouth on the shore of Cochnewagen Lake, alongside tracks of the Maine Central Railroad. The location provided the necessary access to water for cooking the corn, as well as transportation for the finished product. The land was purchased by J. H. Cuskley and E.A. Soule from the Congregational So-ciety. Simon Clough was awarded the contract for pouring the foundation and erecting the main building and husk-ing sheds. He was well-known, having served for a number of years as both a railway postal clerk and postmaster in Monmouth Center.

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Monmouths Corn Shopbuilt to market the sweetest corn in americaby Barbara Adams

foundation, and the main build-ing was 100 feet long, 40 feet wide, and two stories high. The 20-by-30 foot cook room was built alongside the main build-ing, and a 12-by-25 foot boiler room was added to the end of the washing room. On either side of the washing room were two large platforms necessary for the operation. The husking

shed was 80 feet long and divided into 8 stalls, measuring 10 by 22 feet. The shop was equipped with eight retorts, a 70 horsepower boiler, and a 10 horse-power engine. Frank Murdock, a ma-chinist from Norway, was hired to set up the new machinery. He did such a fine job it was said, When the power was turned on not a pulley or belt had

to be changed.Farmers planted 200 acres of corn

even before the building was complet-ed. The final output in 1901 was over 400,000 cans of corn and 12,000 cans of succotash. During the packing season, 75 people were employed thirty-five working in the shop, and forty outside. Fifteen girls were also employed in shucking.

Previous to the packing, the picked corn had already been sold to whole-sale outlets in New York, St. Louis, and other points around the country. Maine corn was acknowledged as being superior to that of all other states, and brought a higher price. It was much in demand. J.H. Cuskley had been in the packing business since he was a teen-ager, and said the land was particularly well-adapted to growing corn, and the corn was of an unusually extra quali-ty. Further, in all his experience, hed never seen such sweet corn.

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During the packing season, 75 people were

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retary of the company, and had a lot of experience in the packing business. Hed been in charge of the Fernald, Keene and True Company of Oxford, and had worked in the fields of Cali-fornia, picking fruit. E.A. Soule, from

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Western Lakes & Mountains Region 2012