West Bengal Pollution Control Board - Home - Bio medical Waste …web.wbpcb.gov.in/html/downloads/sw_inventory.pdf · 2015. 6. 16. · West Bengal Pollution Control Board Paribesh

FINAL REPORTFINAL REPORT

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Waste Inventory (MSW & BMW)Waste Inventory (MSW & BMW)

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West Bengal West Bengal

Under the Project on Under the Project on

TTHEHE S STRENGTHENINGTRENGTHENING OFOF I INFRASTRUCTURENFRASTRUCTURE OFOF CPCB/SPCB CPCB/SPCBSS /PCC/PCCSS

West Bengal Pollution Control BoardParibesh Bhawan, 10 A, Block LA, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700098

Tel : 091 (033) 2335-9088 / 8861 / 8211 / 8073 Fax : 091 (033) 2335 6730 / 2813Website : www.wbpcb.gov.in

P R E A M B L E

he project on ‘Strengthening of Infrastructure of CPCB/SPCB/PCCs’ for implementationof Rules notified by HSM Division under Environment Protection Act was undertaken

by the West Bengal Pollution Control Board on and from 15.02.2003. The project has beenimplemented with financial assistance from Ministry of Environment & Forests, Govt. ofIndia. Although the said project was awarded for the inventorization of Municipal SolidWastes, Bio-Medical Wastes, Industrial Haz. Wastes, Plastic Wastes, and Battery Wastes,but as per the priority suggested by the CPCB vide their letter dated 10.02.2003, the Boardinventorized the Municipal Solid Waste(MSW) as well as Bio-Medical Waste(BMW) in theone hundred twenty six(126) nos. Municipal Authorities in our State.

The objective of the project was to conduct a detailed survey in different Municipal Bodies ofthe state for the inventorization of Municipal Solid Waste as well as Bio-Medical Waste andto plan a strategy for scientific management of Municipal Solid Waste and Bio-MedicalWaste in the state of West Bengal. With this outlook, the field visits were made to onehundred twenty six(126) nos. Municipal Authorities in the different districts of WestBengal. The health care units situated within the municipal jurisdiction of the state werevisited by the project team and the subsequent analysis of data collected thereinculminated in the successful completion of the above project.

The project portrays in detail a comprehensive image of the status of waste management inthe state, with an in depth account of the mode of generation, collection, storage,transportation and disposal of MSW and BMW in different municipalities and health careunits. This report may serve as baseline information for drawing references and makingfitting suggestions in related works.

[ Dr. D. Chakraborty ]Chief Scientist

WBPCB

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– A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T –

The Board acknowledges the contribution of the Municipal AffairsDepartment, Govt. of West Bengal, Department of Health, Govt. of WestBengal, Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority(KMDA), MunicipalEngineering Directorate(MED), Chief Medical Officers of Health of alldistricts of West Bengal in implementing the project.

The Board also acknowledge the assistance and co-operation provided byone hundred twenty six(126) nos. Municipal Authorities, staff of Govt.Hospitals, Private Nursing Homes, and Pathological Units in all districts ofWest Bengal for collecting information for the report.

Acknowledgment is also due to the Senior Environment Officers of theDepartment of Environment, Govt. of West Bengal, officers of the WBPCB,namely Chief Engineer, Senior Law Officer, Senior EnvironmentalEngineers, Senior Scientists, Environment Engineers, Scientists for thesmooth execution of the project and making it a success.

C O N T E N T S

Executive Summery

CHAPTER- I..............................................................................................1Introduction 2

1.1 Objective of the Project 3

1.2 Scope of Work 3

1.3 Methodology 4

1.4 Problems/Limitations 4

CHAPTER- II............................................................................................5Solid Waste

2.1 Municipal Solid Waste 6

2.2 Bio-Medical Waste 9

CHAPTER- III.........................................................................................14District wise status of MSW and BMW

3.1 Bankura 20

3.2 Bardhaman 23

3.3 Birbhum 27

3.4 Coochbehar 30

3.5 Darjeeling 33

3.6 Dinajpur (North) 36

3.7 Dinajpur (South) 39

3.8 Hooghly 41

3.9 Howrah 45

3.10 Jalpaiguri 48

3.11 Kolkata 50

3.12 Malda 52

3.13 Midnapore (East) 54

3.14 Midnapore (West) 57

3.15 Murshidabad 60

3.16 Nadia 63

3.17 Purulia 67

3.18 24 Parganas (North) 69

3.19 24 Parganas (South) 76

CHAPTER- IV............................................................................................79Present Solid Waste Management Practices in West Bengal

4.1 Municipal Solid Waste Management 80

4.2 Bio-Medical Waste Management 90

CHAPTER- V.............................................................................................97Conclusion and Recommendations

5.1 Municipal Solid Waste Management 98

5.2 Bio-Medical Waste Management 99

Abbreviation used................................................................................. 102References ............................................................................................ 103

ANNEXURE ISample Questionnaire format for Inventorisation

LIST OF FIGURESSeasonal variation in MSW generation 6

District wise total nos. of municipal body 17

District wise MSW generation/day(MT) 18

District wise Municipal Population Density (person/sq.km.) 18

District wise per capita waste generation/day (in municipal areas) 19

LIST OF TABLESSeasonal variation in MSW generation 6

MSW composition (% by weight) 7

MSW composition in some Indian cities (India’s Development Report, 1997) 7

Health care waste generation rate (WBHSDP Report, 2002-03) 11

District wise total no. of Municipal Bodies 16

District wise total municipal bodies and waste generation 17

District wise list of BMW treatment facility installed under WBHSDP 95

In every district information are given in these four type of tables

Table I : Brief general information about Municipal bodies

Table II : MSW generation, collection status

Table III : MSW transportation and disposal status

Table IV : Health care units and bed capacity

Executive summary

The State of West Bengal comprises of nineteen Districts, having all together 126 nos. municipalbodies (6 nos. Municipal Corporations, 118 nos. Municipalities and 2 nos. Notified AreaAuthorities). Out of these 126 nos. Municipal bodies, 41 nos. (3 nos. Municipal Corporations and38 nos. Municipalities) are situated within the Kolkata Metropolitan Area (KMA), the urbanagglomeration of the city of Kolkata.

Total about 8,700 MT of MSW is generated per day in 126 nos. municipal areas of West Bengal.Kolkata Municipal Corporation area contributes the maximum amount of 2,700 MT daily.

Most of the municipalities in the state, do not have adequate arrangement for the collection,transportation, and disposal of the municipal solid waste. In addition to these, the non-availabilityof the land is the major constrain for the municipalities, particularly which are situated withinKMA, to develop the solid waste management system.

Bhadreswar Municipality in Hooghly District has developed compost plant which consist ofwindrows as well as vermi compost. Following ‘waste to energy’ concept, they have alsoinstalled a Gobar(cow dung) Gas Plant and the gas generated from the plant is utilized as fuel forthe furnace of a crematorium in their municipal area and the residue generated from this Bio-GasPlant are used as organic manure.

Around 200 nos. Govt. Hospitals, 50 nos. Municipal health care units, 1,100 nos. PrivateHospital/Nursing Homes have been identified within the 126 nos. municipal areas. The total bedstrength of these health care units is 61,630 and the approximate BMW generation is about 15.5MT /day (calculated on the basis of 250 gms. of BMW/day/bed).

Except the health care units situated in Kolkata, Howrah, 24 Parganas North & South and Nadiadistricts, most of the health care units dump their bio-medical wastes in municipal vats/binswithout any treatment. Under the West Bengal Health System Development Project a good nos. ofState Govt. Hospitals have developed the BMW treatment and disposal facility. With the activecooperation of the local bodies, a few of the facilities functioning as a common facility for thenearby health care units against charges.

Two Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility (CBMWTDF) has beendeveloped (one in Howrah District and another in Nadia District) on Public Private Partnership(PPP) concept. Both the facility has the capacity to treat the BMW generated from 30,000 beds. Itprovides services for collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of BMW with user chargesfor the health care establishments situated within the Districts of Kolkata, Howrah, Hooghly,North 24-Parganas, South 24-Parganas, Nadia.

Two more CBMWTDF are under construction by the private agency– one at Asansol, Dist.Burdwan and another one at Haldia, Dist. East Midnapore. These two facilities will also provideservices for collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of BMW.

CHAPTER ICHAPTER I

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

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Introduction

With rapid urbanization and ever increasing population growth there has been a substantialincrease in the generation of solid waste & contamination of air, water and land resources. Thesolid wastes from different municipalities, not managed properly, have been creating problemsfor human health and environment. Some of the solid wastes have been proved to be extremelytoxic and infectious. The uncontrolled dumping of such wastes have not only brought aboutincreasing number of incidents of health hazard but also causing the surface and ground watercontamination and thus posing serious environmental threat to the human being.

Realizing the seriousness of the problem of solid waste management and therefore to regulatethe management and handling of the municipal solid waste, the draft of the Municipal SolidWastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1999 were published by the Ministry of Environmentand Forest, Government of India vide No. S.O.783(E), dated the 27th September, 1999 in theGazette of India, Part II, Section 3 & sub section (ii) and finally, in exercise of the powersconferred by Section 3, 6 and 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) it hasbeen notified as Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 vide no.S.O.908(B) dated the 25th September, 2000.

The objective of the rule is to make every municipal authority, within the territorial area of themunicipality, responsible for the implementation of the provisions of these rules, and for anyinfrastructure development for collection, storage, segregation, transportation, processing anddisposal of Municipal Solid Wastes.

The majority of the municipal authorities, not only in our State but also in the country, have nottaken the MSW management as their priority agenda. Like other states, the implementationstatus of the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, particularly for thescientific disposal of municipal solid wastes, in our State is also very poor.

Along with the MSW, the BMW generated from the various health care establishments alsoposes a serious threat to the environment. Poor Management of these wastes is a majorchallenge for the society. The costly equipments for the waste treatment as well as the spaceconstrain and also the lack of awareness are the major issues for the poor hospital wastemanagement, in the health care units, particularly the small nursing homes. At present most ofthe health care units are disposing their BMWs along with their general wastes in municipal vats.Sometimes these wastes are also buried or burned in on\pen air. There is no waste segregationor treatment. To ensure proper BMW management the Bio-medical Waste (Management &Handling) Rules were notified in 1998, but till date the implementation status of the Rules is very

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poor. Moreover, due to shortage of manpower, the State Board had no detailed informationabout the management of these wastes, particularly municipal solid wastes and bio-medicalwastes in the State.

Keeping this in view, the Ministry of Environment & Forest, Govt. of India, has come forward inthe year 2003 with financial assistance for projects to strengthen the infrastructure of CentralPollution Control Board (CPCB) and the State Pollution Control Boards/ Pollution ControlCommittees in order to ensure effective implementation of the provisions laid down in the rulesrelated to Municipal Solid Waste and Bio-Medical Waste. Like other state boards, the WestBengal Pollution Control Board has been awarded the same project. The objective of the projectis to conduct detailed survey in different municipal bodies of the state for the inventorisation ofmunicipal solid waste as well as bio-medical waste and prepare a strategy for bettermanagement of the Municipal Solid Waste and Bio-medical Waste in the State of West Bengal.

1.1 Objective of the Project

1) Qualitative as well as quantitative assessment of solid wastes generated in differentmunicipal areas of the West Bengal.

2) Inventorisation of the existing system of storage, collection, transportation anddisposal of MSW including Biomedical waste and identification of deficiencies in therespective management system.

3) To create awareness among people associated with different local bodies and healthcare units about the necessities and requirements for scientific segregation, storage,treatment and disposal of MSW and BMW.

1.2 Scope of the Project

To quantify the solid wastes generated in the municipalities of West Bengal.

To study the existing system of collection, storage, transportation and disposal ofMSW including bio-medical waste and to identify the deficiencies in the system.

To recommend an appropriate system for segregation, collection, storage,transportation, treatment and disposal of MSW and BMW.

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1.3 Methodology

The methodology followed for preparing the inventory is given below :

1. Listing of municipal bodies and their contact phone no. for all districts in West Bengal.

2. Collection of information through circulation of questionnaire (format of thequestionnaire presented in Annexure-I)

3. Field visits and interactions with concerned municipal authorities.

4. Study of existing storage, collection, transportation, processing and disposal facilitiesof municipal solid waste, as well as future plan for betterment of the managementsystem.

5. Crosschecking with the information given by the individual municipalities in the MSWAuthorization application and Annual Reports.

6. Laboratory analysis of solid waste collected from different dumpsite.

7. Collection of information about the inventory of health care units from the CMOHOffices of the Districts and Municipalities and visit of the individual health care unitswithin municipal areas about their bio-medical waste management.

8. Crosschecking the inventory regarding health care units with the records given by theRegional Offices of the State Board.

9. Preparation of interim and final report.

1.4 Problems / Limitations

a) Quantification of solid waste depends on various factors such as weather, economicstatus, geographical position of municipalities etc. In most of the cases there is noproper quantification method. It has been done on the basis of information providedby the municipalities.

b) As there is no unique method or management system, the data given by theMunicipal Authorities regarding solid waste generation, collection etc. vary largely. Insome cases they have given absurd figures which have been modified logically.

c) Lack of uniformities in the available information regarding solid waste management ofdifferent municipalities.

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CHAPTER IICHAPTER II

SOLID WASTESOLID WASTE

Municipal Solid WasteMunicipal Solid Waste

Bio-Medical WasteBio-Medical Waste

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Municipal Solid Waste

Municipal Solid Waste consists of household wastes, market wastes, construction anddemolition debris, sanitation residues, drain silt, waste from streets, etc. With rapid urbanization,rising population and change in lifestyle as well as food habits, the amount of MSW has beenincreasing rapidly. Moreover, its composition ratio is also changing. Over the last few years, theconsumer market has grown rapidly leading to products being packed in cans, aluminium foils,plastics and other such non-biodegradable items that cause incalculable harm to theenvironment.

Generation and composition

Municipal waste production is related to levels of industrialization and income status. Per capitawaste generation varies between 2.75 and 4.0 kgs./day in high income countries, but is as lowas 0.5 kgs./day in those countries with lowest income.

Generation not only varies from place to place but also from season to season in the sameplace. During summer the refuse generation in Indian cities is increased by about 25% due toconsumption of fruits like mangoes, melons, green coconuts etc. A typical variation in physico-chemical characteristics of MSW at Kolkata is summarized below.

Seasonal variation in MSW generation

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Monsoon Winter Summer

Seasons

Bio-degradable

Paper

Plastics

Stones, Bricks,Ash etc.

Seasonal variation in MSW generationConstituent (%) Seasons

Monsoon Winter SummerBio-degradable 41.17 55.03 59.20Paper 6.10 3.94 3.87Plastics 4.06 3.33 2.27Stones, Bricks, Ash etc. 35.00 26.90 18.57Moisture 63.54 60.87 60.31Source : Santra, S., Environmental Science, Central Book Agency.

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Though substantial amount of paper, rags, glass find ways to the refuse near its source, they arereclaimed enroot by rag pickers, before reaching the disposal point. The waste reaching thedisposal point contains a large percentage of garbage and inorganic matter giving it a higherdensity low calorific value.

An analysis of physical characteristic of general solid waste was done as a part of a studycarried out by National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) in 1995 acrossvarious cities with population range from 0.1 million to 5 million yielded the following results.

MSW Composition

Constituent % by weightPaper 2.91 to 6.43Rubber, Leather and synthetics 0.78 to 0.28Glass 0.56 to 0.94Metal 0.33 to 0.80Compostable material 30.84 to 44.57Inert material 43.59 to 53.90

Source : NEERI, 1995.

However, India’s Development Report 1997 reported individual composition of Municipal SolidWaste of some Indian cities as follows :

MSW composition in some Indian cities

CITIESCHARACTERISTICS (%)

Non-BiodegradablePaper Plastic Metal Glass Ash & Earth Biodegradable

Kolkata 3.18 0.65 0.66 0.38 34.00 47.00Delhi 6.29 0.85 1.21 0.57 36.00 35.00Nagpur 1.88 1.35 1.33 1.34 41.42 34.81Bangalore 4.00 2.00 - 1.00 15.00 78.00Mumbai 10.00 2.00 3.60 0.20 44.20 40.00

Source : India’s Development Report, 1997.

Market wastes (generally huge quantity of bio-degradable materials)

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The largest low moisture constituent of MSW is paper. Other low moisture combustible materialsare plastics, textiles, rubber, leather and wood. These materials can be called “DryCombustibles” in distinction to the “Wet Combustibles” of food, plant and other wastes, whichcontain 50-70% of water. “Non Combustibles” are metal, glasses and other inorganiccompounds that have no heating value.

Health impacts of MSW

Wastes that are not properly managed, especially excreta and other liquid and solid wastes fromhousehold and the community, create serious health hazards and lead to infectious diseases.Unattended wastes lying around attract flies, rats and other vectors in turn spreading diseases.Normally, it is the wet wastes that decompose and release bad odour. This leads to unhygienicconditions thereby causing a rise in health problems. Thus excessive solid waste that isgenerated should be controlled by taking certain preventive measures.

The group at risk from the unscientific disposal of solid wastes include– the population in areaswhere there is no proper waste disposal method, especially pre-school children; waste workersin facilities producing toxic and infectious materials. Other high-risk groups include populationliving close to a waste dump and those, whose water supply has become contaminated eitherdue to waste dumping or leachate from landfill site. Uncollected solid wastes also increases riskof injury and infections.

In particular, organic domestic waste poses a serious threat, since they ferment, creatingconditions favourable to the survival and growth of micro-biol pathogens. Direct handling of solidwastes can result in various types of infectious and chronic diseases with the waste workers andthe rag pickers being the most vulnerable.

Legislation and policies on MSW management

The Draft Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 1999 published under theNotification of the Govt. of India in the Min. of Env. & Forests No. S. O. 783 (E) dt. 27.09.1999 inthe Gazette of India. Then in exercise of the powers conferred by Section 3, 6 & 25 of the E.P.Act, 1986 Cent. Govt. has notified this Rule as Municipal Solid Wastes (Management &Handling) Rules 2000 published on 25.09.2000. It is the primary regulatory instrument forgoverning solid waste throughout India. It is administrated nationally by CPCB and StateGovernments are responsible for implementation of the MSW Rules at the State level.

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Some of the salient features of MSW Rules are :1) Every municipal authority shall, within the territorial area of the municipality be responsible for

the implementation of the provision of these Rules and for any infrastructure development forcollection, storage, segregation, transportation, processing and disposal of MSW.

2) Littering of MSW shall be prohibited in cities, towns and in urban areas notified by themunicipal authority.

3) Municipalities must ensure that BMW and industrial wastes are not mixed with MSW andmanaged in accordance with Bio-Medical Waste (Management & Handling) AmendmentRules, 2003 and the Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Amendment Rules, 2003.

4) In order to encourage the citizens, Municipal Authority shall organize awareness program forsegregation of wastes and shall promote recycling or reuse of segregated materials.

5) Municipal Authority shall establish and maintain storage facilities in such a manner as theydo not create unhygienic and insanitary conditions around it.

6) Vehicles used for transportation of wastes shall be covered. Waste should not be visible topublic, nor exposed to open environment preventing their scattering.

7) Municipal Authorities shall adopt suitable technology or combination of such technologies tomake use of wastes so as to minimize burden on landfill.

8) Landfilling should be restricted to non-biodegradable, inert wastes and other wastes that arenot suitable either for recycling or biological processing, viz. drain silts, compost residue, etc.

9) The Municipal Authority or an operator of a facility shall make an application for grant ofAuthorization for setting up waste processing and disposal facilities including landfill fromState Board or the Committee.

Bio Medical Waste

The waste generating by the health care units are termed as bio-medical waste. The hospitalwaste has always been considered potentially hazardous. The disposal of untreated bio-medicalwastes poses an environmental and public health risk. It also presents an occupational healthhazards to the health care personnel who handle these wastes at the point of generation, andthose involved with their management i.e. segregation, storage, transport, treatment anddisposal. The indiscriminate disposal of untreated wastes are the causes to spread the infectious

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diseases. Apart from these, a good amount of bio-medical wastes such as disposable syringes,saline bottles, I.V. fluid bottles etc. etc. are picked up by the rag pickers and are recycled backinto the market without any disinfections. It is imperative, therefore, to adopt appropriate systemfor the safe collection, storage, transport, treatment and disposal of the hospital wastes. realizingthe seriousness of the problems associated with the poor management of the bio-medicalwastes, the Govt. of India had notified the Bio-Medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rulesin the years 1998 in order to regulate the environmental menace due to mismanagement of thehospital waste.

Generation and composition

Waste generation and composition from health care units depends upon a number of factorssuch as waste management methods, type of health care units, occupancy of healthcare unit,specialization of the healthcare unit, ratio of reusable items in use, availability of infrastructureand resources etc.

According to a WHO report, around 85% of the hospital wastes are actually non-hazardous, 10%are infectious and 5% are non-infectious but hazardous. A study conducted by Vatavaran, aNGO, in Delhi shows an average waste generation of 1.5 kgs./bed/day and around 45.5% of thetotal wastes is infectious in nature.

Whereas, a rapid survey covering 10 hospitals in Mumbai carried out by Hospital InspectionSociety of India shows that waste generation vary between 0.6 to 2.1 kgs./bed/day.

A study conducted by the All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata concluded that

General waste containing food wastes, paper, plastics, floor sweeping, discarded glassware,earth pot etc. constitute bulk (56-78% by weight) of the hospital waste.

Waste generated in large government hospitals in Kolkata, private hospitals and nursinghomes ranges between 1044 gms/bed/day and 1368 gms/bed/day whereas waste generatedin large government hospitals in districts are comparatively low 397 gms/bed/day.

Incinerable waste constitutes 19-30% (by weight) of the total waste generated.

During the year 2002-2003 the waste survey have been carried out at different Govt. hospitals ofvarious categories in West Bengal. The average generation of different types of healthcarewaste for different categories of hospitals is tabulated below.

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Health care waste generationHospitalCategory

(bedstrength)

Healthcarewaste

generation rate(gms./bed/day)

Generalwaste

(%)

Bio-medical waste

TotalBMW (%)

Anatomicalwaste (%)

SharpWaste (%)

Infectious nonsharp waste

(%) 251-600 702 70.12 29.88 3.70 1.21 24.97126-250 678 64.05 35.95 5.49 2.40 28.0651-125 658 66.08 33.92 5.26 1.82 26.84Upto 50 782 66.48 33.52 4.98 2.33 26.23Average 705 66.68 33.32 4.86 1.94 26.52

Source : WBHSDP report, 2002-2003.

Health impacts of BMW

The hazardous component of health care waste may contain infectious agents, toxic andhazardous chemicals and pharmaceuticals, radioactive materials and sharps that can causehealth hazards to hospital patients, healthcare workers and the general public at large.

Poor hospital waste management may cause the following diseases : Hepatitis B & C

HIV positive

Gastro-enteric infections

Respiratory infections

Blood stream infections

Skin infections

Radioactive toxicity

Health problem associated with air and water pollution.

Apart from the above mentioned incidents, there are other environmental problems associatedwith untreated BMW generated from the healthcare units, which are as follows :

Decomposing waste may generate foul odour inside hospital premises and surrounding area.

Drains may be clogged with waste materials creating unhygienic environment within thesurrounding hospital premises. This phenomenon may also help in breading ofmosquitoes/flies that might contribute to spreading of infectious diseases.

Waste dump may attract stray animals and birds that might spread waste materials leadingto unaesthetic and unhygienic environment.

Indiscriminate disposal of pharmaceutical products (antibiotics and cytotoxic drugs) anddischarge of untreated wastewater generated from the health care units could havedisastrous ecological effects.

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Open dump of waste may decompose to produce leachate that might contaminate groundwater.

Uncontrolled and open burning of wastes can generate dioxins and furans, thus polluting theair.

Rules framed for the BMW management

The Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF), Govt. of India, notified the Bio-Medical Waste(Management and Handling) Rules in July 1998 under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986,through Gazette notification S.O. 630(E). Thereafter, the Bio-Medical Waste (Management andHandling) Rules were amended twice in the year 2000 and the last amendment was made in theyear 2003. The first amendment was published on 6th March 2000 vide S.O. 210(E) and secondamendment was published on 2nd June 2000 vide the Gazette Notification S.O. 545(E), thirdAmendment was published on 17th September 2003 vide Gazette Notification S.O. 1069(E).These rules regulate the generation, handling, collection, storage, transport, treatment anddisposal of Bio-Medial Wastes.

Some of the salient features of these rules are as follows :

1) These rules are applicable to the Hospitals, Nursing Homes, Veterinary Institutions,Pathological Laboratories and Clinics, Blood Banks, etc. generating bio-medical wastes.

2) The State Pollution Control Board/Pollution Control Committee is the prescribed authority forthe implementation of the Rules in the Sates/Union Territories.

3) Every occupier of the health care units generating, collecting, receiving, storing, transporting,treating, disposing and/or handling BMW in any other manner, except such occupier ofclinics, dispensaries, pathological laboratories, blood banks providing treatment/service toless than 1000 (one thousand) patients per month, shall make an application in Form-I to theprescribed authority for grant of authorization.

4) The prescribed authority shall on receipt of Form-I make such enquiry as it deems fit and if itis satisfied that the applicant possesses the necessary capacity to handle the BMW inaccordance with the Rules, grant or renew an authorization as the case may be.

5) The Onus of the treatment of the BMW squarely lies with the occupier of the health careunits.

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6) The Municipal body of the area shall pick up and transport segregated non-bio-medicalwaste generated in the hospital and nursing homes, as well as duly treated BMW for disposalat municipal dump site.

7) The BMW shall not be stored beyond 48 hours without permission of the appropriateauthority.

8) The occupier of the health care unit needs to maintain the records related to the generation,collection, reception, storage, transportation, treatment, disposal and/or any form of handlingBMW.

9) Every occupier/operator shall submit an annual report to the State Pollution Control Board inForm-II by 31st January every year. The State Pollution Control Board shall send theseinformation in a compiled form to the CPCB by 31st March every year.

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CHAPTER IIICHAPTER III

DISTRICT WISE STATUS OF DISTRICT WISE STATUS OF MSW & BMW IN WEST BENGALMSW & BMW IN WEST BENGAL

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West Bengal is one of the eastern states of India (situated between 21°31'N to 27°14'N and 85°51'E to 89°00'E longitude). West Bengal is the gateway to the beautiful northeastern states ofIndia. Its capital Calcutta (now Kolkata) was once the capital of the British Empire and stillremains the cultural capital of India with a strong tradition in literature and fine arts.

The climate in general is tropical type, but West Bengal has a variety in its landscape. In south,world’s largest river-delta– delta of the river Ganges –Sundarbans (partly in Bangladesh), aworld famous mangrove forestand tiger reserve area underSouth 24 Parganas District, andsome areas of this district andEast-Midnapore have coastalareas (Bakkhali, Sagar, in South24-Parganas District and Digha,Frazergunj, in East MidnaporeDist.) and port (Haldia in EastMidnapore). Parts of WestMidnapore, Purulia, BankuraDistricts have rough and drytype of soil, and also someundulating areas. In North,mainly Darjeeling, Jalpaiguriand Coochbehar Districts aretouching the Himalayanmountain range. Other parts aremainly plain.

The total area of West Bengal is 87,853 sq. km. It is India’s 12th largest State. In the north WestBengal touches the Indian States of Assam (north-east) and Sikkim (north) and sharesinternational borders with Bhutan (north), Nepal (north-west) and Bangladesh (east). To thewestern end it touches Orissa, Bihar and Jharkhand. The southern plains of the State are criss-crossed with a network of rivers, the major being Bhagirathi and tributaries. The Bhagirathi itselfknown as Hooghly in the lower reaches is part of the river Ganga. The two great rivers, Gangaand Brahmaputra, merge to form great deltas at the mouth of the Bay of Bengal before theydrain out into the sea.

Bihar

Orissa

West Bengal(Natural)

BANGLADESH

BHUTANNEPAL

Jharkhand

Orissa

Bihar

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There are 19 nos. districts in West Bengal namely Bankura, Birbhum, Bardhaman, Coochbehar,Darjeeling, Dinajpur(N), Dinajpur(S), Hooghly, Howrah, Jalpaiguri, Kolkata, Malda, Medinipur(E),Medinipur(W), Murshidabad, Nadia, Purulia, North 24-Parganas and South 24-Parganas.

Municipal area of West Bengal comprises of 126 nos. municipal bodies including 6 nos.Municipal Corporation. Kolkata Municipal Corporation is the largest municipal body having area187.33 sq. km. with population strength 45,80,544 (as per Census 2001) whereas regardingmunicipal area, Tarakeswar Municipality in Hooghly District represents the smallest member ofthe family having 1.5 sq.km. area and as per Census 2001, Mirik Municipality in DarjeelingDistrict is smallest municipal body having population only 9,179.

District wise no. of Municipal Bodies

Sl.No. District

TotalMunicipal

bodies

PopulationAbove

10lakhs

Between5 and 10

lakhs

Between1 and 5lakhs

Below1 lakh

1 24 Parganas(N) 27 - - 22 52 24 Parganas(S) 7 - - 2 53 Bankura 3 - - 1 24 Barddhaman 11 - - 6 55 Birbhum 6 - - - 66 Cooch Behar 6 - - - 67 Darjeeling 5 - - 2 38 Hooghly 12 - - 9 39 Howrah 3 1 - 2 -

10 Jalpaiguri 4 - - 1 311 Kolkata 1 1 - - -12 Maldah 2 - - 1 113 Midnapore(East) 5 - - 1 414 Midnapore(West) 8 - - 2 615 Murshidabad 7 - - 1 616 Nadia 10 - - 3 717 North Dinajpur 4 - - 1 318 Purulia 3 - - 1 219 South Dinajpur 2 - - 1 1

Total : 126 2 0 56 68

According to the CPCB Classification of local bodies and as per Census 2001, in West Bengal 2 nos. municipal corporations (Kolkata & Howrah) have Metro town status i.e. above 10 lakhpopulation and 56 nos. municipal bodies fall under the category of Class-I municipality(population >1 lakh but not more than 10 lakhs), 27 nos. municipal bodies fall under Class-IImunicipality (population between 50,000 to 99,999), 32 nos. fall under Class-III municipality(population between 20,000 and 49,999), 8 nos. municipalities are fall under Class-IV(population 10,000 to 19,999) and only one (Mirik Municipality in Darjeeling District) falls underClass-V (population below 10,000) category.

16

District wise total Municipal Bodies and waste generation

Sl.No. District

TotalMunicipal

bodies

TotalMunicipal

areas(in sq. km. )

TotalPopulation in

Municipalareas

(Census 2001)

PopulationDensity

(per sq.km)

Total Wastegenerated/day

(in MT)

Per CapitaWaste

Generation(gms/day)

1. 24 Pgs(N) 27 429.89 4610019 10724 2133.54 462.812. 24 Pgs(S) 7 141.69 940453 6637 195.69 208.083. Bankura 3 52.67 218102 4141 85.13 390.324. Barddhaman 11 568.49 2021971 3557 635.40 314.255. Birbhum 6 68.15 284120 4169 150.27 528.906. Cooch Behar 6 32.92 175521 5332 72.67 414.027. Darjeeling 5 72.22 670031 9277 222.93 332.728. North Dinajpur 4 55.00 295399 5371 70.57 238.909. South Dinajpur 2 20.00 189064 9453 65.24 345.07

10. Hooghly 12 152.88 1354163 8858 510.80 377.2111. Howrah 3 97.00 1472374 15179 1015.00 689.3612. Jalpaiguri 4 44.33 234469 5289 73.72 314.1613. Kolkata 1 187.33 4580544 24452 2700.00 589.4514. Maldah 2 22.83 224392 9829 47.10 209.9015. Midnapore(East) 5 183.92 369276 2008 98.30 266.2016. Midnapore(West) 8 129.34 529965 4097 214.31 404.3917. Murshidabad 7 92.00 467366 5080 159.55 341.3818. Nadia 10 139.60 749443 5369 200.91 268.0819. Purulia 3 30.00 153448 5115 23.40 152.49

Total: 126 2520.26 19540120 7753 8674.47 360.40

District wise total nos. of municipal body

11

27

7

36 6 5

12

3 41 2

58 7

10

43 2

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

24 P

gs(N

)24

Pgs

(S)

Bank

ura

Bard

dham

anBi

rbhu

mCo

och

Beha

rDa

rjeel

ingHo

oghly

How

rah

Jalpa

igur

iKo

lkata

Malda

hMi

dnap

ore(

East

)Mi

dnap

ore(

Wes

t)Mu

rshid

abad

Nadia

North

Dina

jpur

Puru

liaSo

uth

Dina

jpur

District North 24-Parganas have maximum number municipal bodies total 27 nos. (20 withinKMA and 7 outside KMA), District West Midnapore, Murshidabad, Jalpaiguri etc. are also biggerdistricts but they have less numbers of municipal bodies.

17

District wise MSW generation/day(MT)(considering only Municipal areasof the Districts)

Nadia

24 Pgs(N)

Bankura

24 Pgs(S)

Barddhaman

Cooch BeharDarjeeling

Birbhum

HooghlyJalpaiguri

Kolkata

Midnapore(W)Murshidabad

Midnapore(E)

Purulia

North Dinajpur

Maldah

Howrah

Considering the District total daily MSW generation in municipal areas only, Kolkata Districtgenerates maximum MSW (2,700MT/day) as there is maximum population density and PuruliaDistrict generates minimum (23.40 MT) MSW per day.

District wise Municipal Population Density (person/ sq. km.)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

24 P

gs(N

)

24 P

gs(S

)

Banku

ra

Barddh

aman

Birbhu

m

Cooch

Beh

ar

Darjee

ling

North D

inajpu

r

South

Dinajpu

r

Hoogh

ly

Howrah

Jalpa

iguri

Kolkata

Maldah

Midnap

ore(E

ast)

Midnap

ore(W

est)

Murshid

abad

Nadia

Purulia

The above figure shows that the State Capital Kolkata, as a district is most densely populatedand in other districts (particularly outside KMA) like East Midnapore, Bankura, Birbhum etc. havelower density in municipal areas.

18

District wise per capita waste generation/day (in municipal areas)

0.00

100.00

200.00

300.00

400.00

500.00

600.00

700.00

800.00

24 P

gs(N

)

24 P

gs(S

)

Banku

ra

Barddh

aman

Birbhu

m

Cooch

Beh

ar

Darjee

ling

North D

inajpu

r

South

Dinajpu

r

Hoogh

ly

Howrah

Jalpa

iguri

Kolkata

Maldah

Midnap

ore(E

ast)

Midnap

ore(W

est)

Murshid

abad

Nadia

Purulia

Regarding the per capita waste generation in municipal areas Howrah District is topmost, thenKolkata. It may be due to the flying population. In Purulia, Maldah, South 24 Parganas Districtper capita waste generation is low.

19

District : BANKURA

Bankura, is a district inhabited by high percentage of tribal population. It covers an area of 6,882sq. km. and has a population strength of 31,91,822 (as in Census-2001). It is a partly hilly andarid land with rich mineral deposits, e.g. mica, lead, iron-ore, zinc, etc. Cultivation being the mainsource of income, Rice, wheat, corn, sugarcane are the chief cultivable crops. It is also famousfor its traditional music, art (e.g. Terracotta, Dokra) and culture. With diverse variety of local andlarge tracts of forests (1,397 sq. km.), hills, rivers (Damodar, Kanksabati, Silabati, Dwarkeshwar)the districts has found place in the tourist map. Mukutmanipur, Bishnupur, Jhilmili,Joyrambati/Kamarpukur, Sushunia Hill, etc. are the notable tourist spots of attraction.

20

Municipal Bodies

The district Bankura with 3 municipal bodies, namely Bankura, Bishnupur and Sonamukhi,covers an area of 52.67 sq. km. and has population strength of 2,18,102. These municipalbodies together generate 85.13 MT of MSW per day (refer Table-II), with Bankura Municipalityheading the list (Bankura- 60.13 MT, Bishnupur- 13.00MT and Sonamukhi- 12.00 MT). TheMSW collection status of these municipal bodies is 57.11 MT/day(refer Table-II) with handcarts,tricycle and trailers being the major means of collection. The transportation of the collected MSWtakes place through truck and tractors to the land earmarked for MSW disposal. BankuraMunicipal body at present has 5.00 acres of land for MSW disposal followed by Sonamukhi-10792 sq.m. and Bishnupur- 337 sq.m. A further 20234 sq.m of land has been identified forMSW disposal at Bankura and Sonamukhi municipality. Bio-medical Wastes in this district aremostly generated from several clinics, health care and pathological units. At present, there areabout 23 nos. health care units (bed capacity 1,429) and 51 nos. clinics and pathological units inoperation till date generating about 0.356 MT of BMW/day (refer Table-IV). However, as perprovisions of Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998, there exists noseparate treatment and disposal facility for BMW at these municipalities, with Sonamukhimunicipality utilizing an ordinary pit/trench for its BMW disposal.

Table I : Brief general information about the Municipal Bodies Name & Address of the

Municipality Phone/FAX No. Populationin 1991

Populationin 2001

Total area(in sq. km.)

Populationdensity/sq. km.

Municipalcategory

Bankura MunicipalityTamlibandh, Machantala, Dist. Bankura

953242 250367FAX. 953242 250367 1,14,876 1,28,811 19.00 6,780 Class-I

Bishnupur MunicipalityBishnupur, Dist. Bankura 953244 252 073/591 56,128 61,943 22.019 2,813 Class-II

Sonamukhi MunicipalityPO. Sonamukhi, Dist. Bankura 953244 275 238/988 24,640 27,348 11.65 2,347 Class-III


Name of theMunicipality

Populationin 2001

MSWGeneration /day

(in MT)

Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)

MSWCollection

/day (in MT)

Collectionefficiency

(%)

Totalno. ofwards

Collection methodDoorstep

(no. of wardscovered and

collectionschedule)

Roadside (no. of wardscovered and

collectionschedule)

Bankura 1,28,811 60.13 466.81 42.01 70 23 Yet to start 23-Daily

Bishnupur 61,943 13.00 209.87 5.10 39 19 Yet to start 19-Daily

Sonamukhi 27,348 12.00 438.78 10.00 83 15 Yet to start 15-Daily

21



MSWGeneration

/day(in MT)

Collection of MSW Transportation of MSW Disposal land

Tricycle Handcart Trailer No. of

TruckNo. of

Tractor

Existingland for

MSWdisposal

New land identifiedfor MSW disposal

Bankura 60.13 01 175 6 1 6 5.00 Acres 20234 sq. m.

Bishnupur 13.00 NIL 30 4 NIL 4 337 sq.m NIL

Sonamukhi 12.00 02 24 4 NIL 4 10792 sq.m 20234 sq. m.



No. ofClinic/Path

labs.

Municipal

HCUGovt.HCU

Pvt.HCU

TotalBed

Per dayOccupancy

Per day BMWgeneration in MT

(considering250gms/bed/day)

Disposal Facilityfor BMW

Bankura 40 0 1 16 1,152 1,159 0.288No separate

collection or disposalsystem

Bishnupur 4 0 1 2 239 248 0.059 No separate

collection or disposalsystem

Sonamukhi 7 0 1 2 38 132 0.009 Ordinary pit / trench

22

District : BARDDHAMAN

It is a district with agriculture, industry and mining, all at their peak. It covers an area of 7,024 sq.km. having population strength 69,19,698 (as in the Census-2001). The eastern region of thedistrict is a low alluvial plain, densely populated and often waterlogged and swampy. Thewestern region is one of the busiest industrial tracts with rich deposits of coal, fire clay and iron-ore, especially in the Ranigunj coalfield area. Coal mining and agricultural production of rice,rapeseed, legumes and linseed are the primary activities in this district. Ajoy, Damodar,Bhagirathi are the major rivers of this district. Some regions of this district e.g. BarddhamanRajbari etc. are of historic interest.

Municipal Bodies

Barddhaman district have 11 nos. municipal bodies, namely Asansol, Barddhaman, Dainhat,Durgapur, Guskara, Jamuria, Kalna, Katwa, Kulti, Memari and Raniganj. These 11 nos.municipal bodies altogether covers an area of 568.49 sq. km. with total municipal populationstrength 20,21,971. They total produce per day 635.40 MT of MSW excluding bio-medicalwastes, generated by 150 nos. health care units (bed strength 5,247) and total 130 nos. clinicsand pathological units. Though, they have municipal dumping ground there are no facility forscientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.

DDaaiinnhhaatt

23

Table I : Brief general information about the Municipal Bodies

Name & Address of theMunicipality Phone/FAX No. Population

in 1991Population

in 2001

Totalarea (in sq.km.)


Municipalcategory

Asansol Municipal Corp.PO. Asansol,Dist. Barddhaman

95341 2202219/9476/9225FAX : 95341 220 2491

2,62,188 4,86,304 127.00 3,829 Class I

Barddhaman MunicipalityG. T. Road, PO.Barddhaman,Dist. Barddhaman

95342 266 2777/2564121FAX : 0342 256 0717

2,45,079 2,85,871 23.00 12,429 Class I

Dainhat MunicipalityPO. Dainhat,Dist. Barddhaman

244 228/747 20,349 22,593 10.36 2,181 Class III

Durgapur Municipal Corp.City Centre, Durgapur 16,Dist. Barddhaman

95343 254 6107FAX : 254 6472 4,25,836 4,92,996 154.00 3,201 Class I

Guskara MunicipalityGuskara,Dist. Barddhaman

953452 255 077/ 767FAX : 255 767 26,995 31,863 17.00 1,874 Class III

Jamuria MunicipalityDamodarpur, PO. Nandi, Dist. BarddhamanPIN 713344

95341 2455562/2455984FAX : 0341 245 5984 1,18,494 1,29,456 79.20 1,635 Class I

Kalna MunicipalityDangapara, PO. Kalna,Dist. Barddhaman

953454 255004FAX : 953454 256 242 47,229 52,176 10.00 5,218 Class II

Katwa MunicipalityPO. Katwa, Dist.Barddhaman,PIN 713130

953453 255005/255160FAX : 03453 255160 55,541 71,573 7.93 9,026 Class II

Kulti MunicipalityPO. Sitarampur,Dist. Barddhaman, PIN 713359

95341 251 0642FAX : 0341 251 1345 1,08,518 2,90,057 99.00 2,930 Class I

Memari MunicipalityPO & PS. Memari,Dist. Barddhaman

95342 2250825/2250942 29,000 36,191 16.00 2,262 Class III

Raniganj MunicipalityN. S. B. Road, PO. Raniganj,Dist. Barddhaman,PIN 713347

95341 244 4825/7485FAX : 244 7484 61,997 1,22,891 25.00 4,916 Class I

24



Populationin 2001

MSWGeneration /day

(in MT)

Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)

MSWCollection /day (in MT)


(%)

Totalno. ofwards



collectionschedule)


collectionschedule)

Asansol 4,86,304 180.00 370.14 140.00 78 50 1- Alternate day 49- Alternate day

Barddhaman 2,85,871 110.00 384.79 107.00 97 35 NIL All-Daily

Dainhat 22,593 16.00 708.18 15.00 94 14 NIL All-Daily/Alternateday

Durgapur 4,92,996 108.00 219.07 100.00 93 43 2-Daily All-Daily/Weekly

Guskara 31,863 20.00 627.69 10.00 50 16 NIL All-Daily

Jamuria 1,29,456 14.00 108.14 13.00 93 22 NIL All-Weekly

Kalna 52,176 20.00 383.32 15.00 75 18 NIL All-Daily

Katwa 71,573 43.00 600.79 38.00 88 19 NIL All-Daily

Kulti 2,90,057 91.00 313.73 30.00 33 35 All-Daily All-Daily

Memari 36,191 7.60 210.00 1.00 13 16 NIL All-Alternate day

Raniganj 1,22,891 25.8 210.00 25.00 97 21 NIL Partially-Daily



MSWGeneration

/day (in MT)

Collection of MSW Transportationof MSW Disposal land


TruckNo. of

TractorExisting land

for MSWdisposal

New land identifiedfor MSW disposal

Asansol 180.00 NIL NIL NIL 26 NIL Indiscriminate One site identified

Barddhaman 110.00 70 200 02 10 02 7 Acres NIL

Dainhat 16.00 NIL 01 03 NIL 01 Indiscriminate NIL

Durgapur 108.00 NIL NIL NIL 11 NIL 3.5 Acres 3 sites, 8.76 Acres

Guskara 20.00 NIL NIL 01 NIL 01 2 Bighas 1 site

Jamuria 14.00 NIL NIL 02 NIL 02 Indiscriminate NIL

Kalna 20.00 04 NIL 04 NIL 02 3 Acres NIL

Katwa 43.00 NIL 52 07 NIL 03 2.3 Acres NIL

Kulti 91.00 NIL 70 03 07 03 1750 sq.m NIL

Memari 7.60 NIL NIL 01 NIL 01 Indiscriminate NIL

Raniganj 25.8 NIL N.A. 04 NIL 04 Indiscriminate NIL

25



No. ofClinic/Pathlabs.

MunicipalHCU

Govt.HCU

Pvt.HCU

TotalBed



Disposal Facility forBMW

Asansol - 0 1 30 637 0.15 No separate collection ordisposal system

Barddhaman 60 1 1 39 1,782 0.45 No separate collection ordisposal system

Dainhat 0 0 0 0 NIL NIL No separate collection ordisposal system

Durgapur - 1 5 23 1,267 0.32 No separate collection ordisposal system

Guskara 6 0 1 0 10 0.0025 No separate collection ordisposal system

Jamuria 2 0 1 1 58 0.015 No separate collection ordisposal system

Kalna 10 0 0 9 95 0.024 No separate collection ordisposal system

Katwa 15 0 1 7 310 0.078 No separate collection ordisposal system

Kulti 4 0 2 12 481 0.12 No separate collection ordisposal system

Memari 5 0 1 3 74 0.019 No separate collection ordisposal system

Raniganj 28 0 1 10 533 0.13 No separate collection ordisposal system

* a private operator is going to develop a CBMWTDF for Barddhaman District (mainly for theAsansol, Ranigunj, Durgapur, Kulti, Jamuria Municipal areas)

26

District : BIRBHUM

The district is proud to have Visva Bharati at Santiniketan, Bolpur, the institution established bythe great Nobel Laureate poet Rabindra Nath Tagore. It covers an area of 4,545 sq. km. andincluding some tribal population, the total population in this District is reported to be 30,12,546(Census-2001). The District comprises of two distinct regions. In the west lies an undulating,generally barren upland; comprising of the Chota Nagpur Plateau, rising to about 3,000 ft. and tothe east is a densely populated plain of Gangetic Delta. Rice, wheat, corn are the chief crops ofthis district, which also harbours rich mineral deposits of coal, china-clay, iron-ore, etc. TheAjoy, Mayurakshi, Bakreswar, and Dwarka are the principal rivers flowing through the district.Santiniketan, Bakreswar, Tarapith are among the notable tourist spot of attraction.

27

Municipal Bodies

The district Birbhum with 6 nos. municipal bodies, namely Bolpur, Dubrajpur, Nalhati,Rampurhat, Sainthia and Suri covers an area of 68.15 sq. km. and has a total municipalpopulation strength of 2,84,120. Per day total 150.27 MT of MSW generate in these municipalareas. Total 23 nos. health care units (bed strength 478) and 51 nos. clinics and pathologicalunits are situated in these municipal areas. Though, they have municipal dumping ground thereare no facility for scientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.



in 1991Population

in 2001

Totalarea

(in sq.km.)


Municipalcategory

Bolpur MunicipalityChandidas Nanoor Road, PO. Bolpur, Dist. Birbhum

953463 252501FAX : 03463252501

52,760 65,659 13.13 5,001 Class II

Dubrajpur MunicipalityPO. Dubrajpur, Dist.Birbhum

953462244362/244519FAX : 03462244362

26,983 32,752 16.85 1,944 Class III

Nalhati MunicipalityNalhati Municipal Office,Nalhati, Dist. Birbhum

953465 255300 34,029 34,038 12.10 2,813 Class III

Rampurhat MunicipalityPO. Rampurhat, Dist.Birbhum

953461 255008 43,275 50,609 6.59 7,680 Class II

Sainthia MunicipalitySainthia, Dist. Birbhum

953462264187/262367

30,024 39,244 10.00 3,924 Class III

Suri MunicipalitySuri, Dist. Birbhum

953462255534/257308

54,298 61,818 9.48 6,521 Class II



Populationin 2001

MSWGeneration /day

(in MT)

Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)

MSWCollect

ion /day

(in MT)


(%)

Total no.of wards



collectionschedule)


collectionschedule)

Bolpur 65,659 34.00 517.83 28.00 82 18 10-Alternate day All-Alternate day

Dubrajpur 32,752 7.36 224.72 3.80 52 16 Yet to start All

Nalhati 34,038 23.31 684.82 20.00 86 16 Yet to start All-Daily

Rampurhat 50,609 10.60 210.00 10.00 94 17 Yet to start All- Alternateday

Sainthia 39,244 25.00 637.04 18.00 72 16 Yet to start All

Suri 61,818 50.00 808.83 50.00 100 18 All-Daily NIL

28



MSWGeneration /day

(in MT)

Storage(no. ofBins/Vats)

Collection of MSW Transportation ofMSW Disposal land


TruckNo. of


for MSWdisposal

New landidentifiedfor MSWdisposal

Bolpur 34.00 594 22 44 4 NIL 4 10 Bighas NIL

Dubrajpur 7.36 28 2 8 1 NIL 1 NIL NIL

Nalhati 23.31 72 7 NIL 1 NIL 1 3.3 Acres NIL

Rampurhat 10.60 85 4 20 2 NIL 2 5 Bighas NIL

Sainthia 25.00 64 12 17 2 NIL 2 One site NIL

Suri 50.00 85 50 40 4 NIL 4 NIL One siteidentified



No. ofClinic/P

athlabs.

Municipal HCU

Govt.HCU

Pvt.HCU Total Bed



Disposal Facility for BMW

Bolpur 12 NIL 1 2 80 0.020 In a trench

Dubrajpur 6 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL Not considerable amount ofBMW generates here

Nalhati 5 NIL 1 NIL 25 0.006 Ordinary pit / trench

Rampurhat 14 NIL NIL 4 19 0.004 No separate collection ordisposal system

Sainthia 4 NIL 1 5 120 0.030 No separate collection ordisposal system

Suri 10 NIL 2 7 598 0.15 One burial pit

29

District : COOCHBEHAR

This district with beauty all around, covers an area of 3,387 sq. km. and has a populationstrength of 24,78,280. The district is famous for its princely past along with its rich tradition ofeducation and rituals. The main attraction here is the Maharaja’s Palace, which was built in 1885in Coochbehar town. Agricultural activity, which is the main source of income. Among the majorcrops grow here tea, rice, jute etc. are notable. Raidak and Jaldhaka are the major rivers of thisdistrict. Boxapahar, a tourist spot of this district is well known for its scenic beauty.

Municipal Bodies

Coochbehar district have 6 municipal bodies, namely Coochbehar, Dinhata, Haldiabari,Mathabhanga, Mekhliganj, & Tufanganj. These municipal bodies altogether covers an area of32.92 sq. km. with total municipal population strength 1,75,521. Per day 72.67 MT of MSW isproduced in these municipal areas excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 15 nos. healthcare units (bed strength 1118) and 101 nos. clinics and pathological units. Though, they havemunicipal dumping ground there are no facility for scientific treatment/disposal of bio-medicalwaste.

30



in 1991Population

in 2001


Popula-tion

density/sq. km.

Municipalcategory

Coochbehar MunicipalityP.O. : CoochbeharDist. : Coochbehar

953582 222286FAX : 953582 222656 71,215 76,812 8.29 9,266 Class II

Dinhata MunicipalityP.O.: DinhataDist. Coochbehar

953581 255 103/ 628FAX : 255 682 17,697 34,303 4.55 7,539 Class III

Haldibari MunicipalityP.O.: Haldibari Dist. Coochbehar

953584 263264/FAX : 263312 10,870 13,170 10.00 1,317 Class IV

MathabhangaMunicipalityP.O.: MathabhangaDist. : Coochbehar

953583 255255FAX : 255194 17,336 21,110 3.71 5,690 Class III

Mekhliganj MunicipalityP.O.: MekhliganjDist.: Coochbehar

953584 255249FAX : 953584 255249 8,205 10,833 3.88 2,792 Class IV

Tufanganj MunicipalityPO. Tufangunj,Dist. Coochbehar

953582 244256FAX : 953582 244659 16,418 19,293 2.49 7,748 Class IV



Populationin 2001

MSWGeneration /day

(in MT)

Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)

MSWCollect

ion /day

(in MT)

Collection

efficiency(%)

Totalno. ofwards



collectionschedule)


collectionschedule)

Coochbehar 76,812 39.00 507.73 35.00 90 20 All-Daily 39-Daily

Dinhata 34,303 10.30 300.26 NIL NIL 16 NIL NIL

Haldibari 13,170 2.80 212.00 2.0 71 11 NIL All-Daily

Mathabhanga 21,110 6.30 298.43 NIL NIL 12 NIL NIL

Mekhliganj 10,833 2.27 209.54 2.30 88 9 NIL All-Daily

Tufangunj 19,293 12.00 621.99 10.00 83 12 NIL All-Alternate day



MSWGeneration /day(in MT)



TruckNo. of

TractorExisting land forMSW disposal

New landidentified for

MSW disposalCoochbehar 39.00 40 40 4 3 4 6.2881 Acres NIL

Dinhata 10.30 NIL 20 2 2 1 Indiscriminate NIL

Haldibari 2.80 NIL 29 2 NIL 1 1.81 Acres 2.33 Acres

Mathabhanga 6.30 NIL 06 1 1 1 Indiscriminate NIL

Mekhliganj 2.27 NIL 11 1 1 1 Indiscriminate 1 site, 1.00 Acres

Tufangunj 12.00 NIL 04 1 NIL 1 4.50 Acres NIL

31



No. ofClinic/ Pathlabs.

Municipal

HCUGovtHCU

Pvt.HCU

TotalBed

Per dayOccupancy




Coochbehar 45 NIL 01 05 528 520 0.132 No separate collectionor disposal system

Dinhata 25 NIL 01 03 215 220 0.053 No separate collectionor disposal system

Haldibari 04 NIL 01 NIL 30 25 0.0075 No separate collectionor disposal system

Mathabhanga 13 NIL 01 NIL 120 130 0.03 No separate collectionor disposal system

Mekhliganj 02 NIL 01 NIL 120 127 0.03 No separate collectionor disposal system

Tufangunj 12 NIL 01 01 105 120 0.026 No separate collectionor disposal system

32

District : DARJEELING

It is the north most district of West Bengal touching the Himalayan Mountain range. It derives itsname from Tibetan “DORJE-LING” which means “place of thunderbolt”. It is one of the mostbeutiful hill stations of the country covering an area of 3,149 sq.km. and having a populationstrength of 16,05,900 (Census-2001). Tea, timber, orange, cardamon and some medicinal plantsare the major crops grown here. Since, the district has many places of tourist attraction and alsoserves as the gateway to Nepal, Bhutan and other north-eastern states of India, its economy isdriven primarily by tourism and business. As a result, the district have a large number of floatingpopulation through out the year. The climate here is generally foggy or humid and plentiful ofrain. The hill station Darjeeling lies at an elevation of about 7,000 fts.(2,100m) above sea-levelon a long narrow mountain ridge of the Sikkim Himalayas that descends abruptly to the bed ofthe Great Rangit River. Siliguri is one of the biggest city of this district and it also serve as animportant junction of North and North-eastern parts.

33

Municipal Bodies

Total 5 nos. municipal bodies are in this District, namely, Darjeeling, Kalimpong, Kurseong, MirikMunicipality and Siliguri Municipal Corporation. Total municipal area of Darjeeling District is72.22 sq. km. and have total municipal population strength of 6,70,031. As per the CensusReport 2001 the population of Mirik municipal area is only 9,179, which is the lowest populatedtown among the126 nos. municipal bodies in W.B. The 5 nos. municipal bodies of Darjeelingdistrict together produce 222.93 MT of MSW per day excluding bio-medical wastes, generatedby 43 nos. health care units (bed strength 2,016) and 78 nos. clinics and pathological units.Though, they have municipal dumping ground there are no facilities for scientifictreatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.



in 1991Population

in 2001

Totalarea

(in sq.km.)


Municipalcategory

Darjeeling MunicipalityP.O. : DarjeelingDist. : Darjeeling

95354 2521124 / 406FAX: 95354 2521437

73,062 1,07,530 10.70 10,050 Class I

Kalimpong MunicipalityUpper Cart Road.P.O.: KalimpongDist. Darjeeling

95355 2255224 / 223FAX : 2255 224

38,832 42,980 8.02 5,358 Class III

Kurseong MunicipalityD.H. RoadP.O.: KurseongDist.: Darjeeling

95354 2344286 / 412FAX : 95354 2344286

26,758 40,067 5.00 8,013 Class III

Mirik MunicipalityPO. MirikDist. Darjeeling

95354 2443328 7,022 9,179 6.50 1,412 Class V

Siliguri MunicipalCorporationP.O.: SiliguriDist. : Darjeeling

95353 2433277FAX : 2435444

2,16,950 4,70,275 42.00 11,197 Class I


Name of theMunicipal

BodiesPopulation

in 2001

MSWGeneration /day

(in MT)

Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)

MSWCollec-

tion /day(in MT)

Collec-tion

efficiency (%)

Totalno. ofwards



collectionschedule)


collectionschedule)

Darjeeling 1,07,530 50.00 464.99 31.00 62 32 N.A. N.A.

Kalimpong 42,980 16.00 372.27 14.00 88 23 NIL All-Daily

Kurseong 40,067 5.00 124.79 4.00 80 20 NIL 19-Daily

Mirik 9,179 1.93 210.26 1.50 78 09 NIL All-Daily

Siliguri 4,70,275 150.00 318.96 120.00 80 47 All-Daily NIL

34



MSWGeneration/day (in MT)



TruckNo. of



MSW disposalDarjeeling 50.00 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A.

Kalimpong 16.00 20 NIL 01 2 01 6.69 Bighas NIL

Kurseong 5.00 NIL 06 02 01 01 250 sq. m. One, 185.09Decimal

Mirik 1.93 NIL NIL 01 NIL NIL 40 sq . m. NIL

Siliguri 150.00 NIL 500 05 07 05 28.00 Acres One, 37.26Acres




MunicipalHCU

Govt.HCU

Pvt.HCU

TotalBed



Disposal Facilityfor BMW

Darjeeling N.A. NIL 01 03 371 0.092No separatecollection or

disposal system

Kalimpong 10 NIL 01 04 433 0.110No separatecollection or

disposal system

Kurseong 3 NIL 01 NIL 100 0.025No separatecollection or

disposal system

Mirik NIL NIL 01 NIL 15 0.003No separatecollection or

disposal system

Siliguri 65 01 02 30 1119 0.270No separatecollection or

disposal system

35

District : NORTH DINAJPUR

At the time of partition, Dinajpur district was divided into two parts, eastern part included PurbaPakistan (now Bangladesh) and western part included District of West Bengal which was namedas West Dinajpur District. In 1992, the West Dinajpur District was further divided into twoseparate districts, viz. North Dinajpur (Uttar Dinajpur) and South Dinajpur (Dakshin Dinajpur).The North Dinajpur District covers an area of 3,142 sq.km enclosed by Bangladesh on the East,Bihar on the West, Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri District on the North and South Dinajpur District onthe South respectively. The population strength of the district is about 24,41,824 as per Census-2001. The regional topography is generally flat with a gentle southerly slope towards the mainrivers of Kulik, and Mahananda. Uttar Dinajpur is bestowed with a very fertile soil. Raiganj on thebank of the River Kulik serve as the District Headquarter where the second largest birdsanctuary in Asia is situated.

36

Municipal BodiesThe District Uttar Dinajpur with 4 municipal bodies, namely Dalkhola, Islampur, Kaliaganj &Raiganj, covers an area of 55.00 sq. km. and has total municipal population strength of2,95,399. Per day 70.57 MT of MSW generate in these municipal areas, excluding bio-medicalwastes, generated by 12 nos. health care units (bed strength 445) and 34 nos. clinics andpathological units. All these 4 nos. municipal bodies had applied for MSW Authorization to theWBPCB.



Populationin 2001

Total area(in sq.km.)


Municipalcategory

Dalkhola MunicipalityP.O.: DalkholaDist.: Uttar Dinajpur

953525256293/259FAX: 953525256259

10,652 29,772 16.00 1,861 Class III

Islampur MunicipalityPO. IslampurDist.: Uttar Dinajpur

953526 255153 45,240 52,766 16.00 3,298 Class II

Kaliyaganj MunicipalityP.O. : KaliaganjDist. : Uttar Dinajpur

953523 258165FAX: 953523259165

37,817 47,639 12.00 3,970 Class III

Raiganj MunicipalityP.O.: RaiganjDist.: Uttar Dinajpur

953523 252163 FAX : 252 542 1,51,045 1,65,222 11.00 15,020 Class I



BodiesPopulation

in 2001

MSWGeneration /day

(in MT)

Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)

MSWCollec-tion /day

(in MT)

Collec-tion

efficiency (%)

Totalno. ofwards



collectionschedule)

Road side (no. of wardscovered and

collectionschedule)

Dalkhola 29,772 6.26 210.26 NIL NIL 14 NIL NILIslampur 52,766 33.31 631.28 NIL NIL 14 NIL NILKaliyaganj 47,639 5.00 104.96 4.00 80 17 NIL All-DailyRaiganj 1,65,222 26.00 157.36 19.6 75 26 NIL All - Daily



MSWGeneration /day (in MT)



TruckNo. of



Dalkhola 6.26 Yet to develop collection & transport facility forMSW 0.05 Acre

Islampur 33.31 NIL NIL 02 NIL 02 NIL NILKaliyaganj 5.00 NIL 24 03 NIL 03 2.7 Acres NILRaiganj 26.00 NIL 20 05 NIL 03 7.00 Acres NIL

37




MunicipalHCU

Govt.HCU

Pvt.HCU

TotalBed




Dalkhola 02 NIL NIL 01 04 0.001 Amount of BMWgeneration is very small

Islampur 10 NIL 01 02 113 0.028 No separate collection ordisposal system

Kaliyaganj 07 NIL 01 NIL 70 0.017 No separate collection ordisposal system

Raiganj 15 NIL 01 04 243 0.061 No separate collection ordisposal system

38

District: SOUTH DINAJPUR

In terms of population, Dakshin (South) Dinajpur District is the smallest district in West Bengal.Balurghat is the districts headquarter. The district covers a total area of 2,183 sq.km. and has apopulation strength of 15,02,647 as per Census-2001. The district is drained by a number ofNorth-South flowing rivers like Atreyee, Punarbhaba, Tangon and Brahmani. It is predominantlyan agricultural district with large areas of cultivable land. Dakshin Dinajpur is a ‘Non-Industry’district having no large-scale industry at its disposal. Transport and Communication facilitiesare not yet very well developed however, new railway lines have been laid between Eklakhi andthe district headquarter Balurghat. The National Highway no. 34 falls within this district, but onlyfor a stretch of 3 kms.

Municipal Bodies

South Dinajpur district have 2 municipal bodies, namely Gangarampur & Balughat, altogethercovers an area of 20.00 sq. km. with total municipal population strength 1,89,064. I thesemunicipal areas 65.24 MT of MSW produce per day excluding bio-medical wastes, generatedby 6 nos. health care units (bed strength 500) and 13 nos. clinics and pathological units.Though, they have municipal dumping ground there are no facilities for scientifictreatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.

39


Name & Address of theMunicipality

Phone/FAX No.

Populationin 1991

Populationin 2001



Municipalcategory

Balurghat MunicipalitySova Majumder SaraniP.O.: BalurghatDist. : Dakshin Dinajpur

953522255649FAX: 255930

1,19,796 1,35,516 10.00 13,552 Class III

Gangarampur MunicipalityP.O. : GangarampurDist. : Dakshin Dinajpur

953521255404FAX: 255140

46,611 53,548 10.00 5,355 Class II



BodiesPopulation

in 2001


Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)

MSWCollect

ion /day

(in MT)

Collection

efficiency(%)

Totalno. ofwards



collectionschedule)


collectionschedule)

Balurghat 1,35,516 54.00 398.48 52.00 96 23 All – Alternateday NIL

Gangarampur 53,548 11.24 210.00 1.00 9 12 NIL All - Daily






TruckNo. of

Tractor

Existingland for

MSWdisposal


MSW disposal

Balurghat 54.00 NIL NIL 04 01 04 10.00 Acres NIL

Gangarampur 11.24 NIL 05 02 NIL 02 NIL 8.00 Acres



No. ofClinic/P

athlabs.

MunicipalHCU

Govt.HCU

Pvt.HCU

TotalBed




Balurghat 05 01 01 01 340 0.085 No separate collectionor disposal system

Gangarampur 03 NIL 01 02 295 0.073 No separate collectionor disposal system

40

District : HOOGHLY

Hooghly, a district with both agriculture and industrial activities at their peak covers a total areaof 3,149 sq.km. having a population strength of 50,40,047 as per Census-2001. The district hasvast stretches fertile land suitable for the cultivation of rice, jute, sugarcane, and potatoes. TheHooghly's riverbank is densely populated and heavily industrialized, with jute, rice, cotton mills,rubber and chemical factories. The district headquarter Chinsurah and Chandernagore townhave old European settlements of British India. The river Ganges (Hooghly), and the branches ofRupnarayan, Damodar are the major rivers of the District.

Identified land about 51 acres at Dirghangi for proposed common facility project (under JBIC) for MSWMfor Serampore, Rishra, Konnagar, Uttarpara-Kotrang, Baidyabati and Champdani Municipality

41

CChhaammppddaannii

BBaannssbbeerriiaa

RRiisshhrraa

DDiirrgghhaannggii

Municipal Bodies

Total 12 nos. municipal bodies are in this District, namely, Arambagh, Baidyabati, Bansberia,Bhadreswar, Champdani, Chendernagore, Hooghly-Chinsurah, Konnagar, Rishra, Serampore,Tarakeswar, and Uttarpara-Kotrang. Except Arambagh and Tarakeswar all these municipalbodies are situated within KMA and mostly nearer the river Hooghly. Together they cover anarea of 152.88 sq. km. and have total municipal population strength of 13,54,163. They produce510.8MT of MSW per day excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 100 nos. health care units(bed strength 3,542) and 177 nos. clinics and pathological units. Though, they have municipaldumping ground there are no facilities for scientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste. Inthis district, Serampore Municipality (established in 1865) done some appreciable worksregarding their MSW management.



in 1991Population

in 2001

Totalarea

(in sq.km.)


Municipalcategory

Arambagh MunicipalityP.O.: Arambagh, Dist. : Hooghly

953211 255030 /257467FAX: 953211255030

45,211 56,129 34.75 1,615 Class II

Baidyabati MunicipalityP.O.: BaidyabatiDist. : Hooghly

2632 0443 / 3605 90,081 1,08,231 12.03 8,997 Class I

Bansberia MunicipalityP.O.: BansberiaDist. : Hooghly

2634 6324 / 6807FAX: 2634 6806 93,520 1,04,453 9.06 11,524 Class I

Bhadreswar Municipality35, G.T. RoadPO. BhadreswarDist. : Hooghly

2633 5283 / 1020FAX: 2633 1020 72,474 1,05,944 8.28 12,795 Class I

Champdani MunicipalityP.O.: ChampdaniDist. : Hooghly

2632 3429FAX: 26326257 1,01,067 1,03,232 6.50 15,882 Class I

Chandernagar MunicipalCorporationMeripark, BarabazarP.O.: ChandernagarDist. : Hooghly

2683 5097 / 6706 /2562FAX : 2683 5068

1,20,378 1,62,166 22.03 7,361 Class I

Hooghly - ChinsurahMunicipalityP.O.: ChinsurahDist. : Hooghly

2680 2319 / 3166 /2899 1,51,806 1,70,201 17.29 9,844 Class I

Konnagar MunicipalityP.O.: Konnagar, Dist. : Hooghly

2674 2123FAX: 2674 0210 62,200 72,211 4.67 15,463 Class II

Rishra Municipality49/56/57, Rabindra Sarani,P.O.: Rishra, Dist. : Hooghly

2672 1373 / 2953FAX: 2672 0306 1,06,649 1,13,259 6.76 16,747 Class I

Serampore Municipality1, N.S. AvenueP.O.: SeramporeDist. : Hooghly

2662 0310FAX: 2662 3651 1,37,028 1,79,955 18.00 9,998 Class I

42


in 1991Population

in 2001

Totalarea

(in sq.km.)


Municipalcategory

Tarakeswar MunicipalityP.O.: TarakeswarDist. : Hooghly

9112 276105 22,632 28,178 1.50 18,785 Class III

Uttarpara - KotrangMunicipalityP.O.: UttarparaDist. : Hooghly

2663 4095FAX: 2663 7298 1,01,268 1,50,204 12.00 12,517 Class I



BodiesPopulation

in 2001

MSWGeneration /day

(in MT)

Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)

MSWCollect

ion /day

(in MT)

Collection

efficiency(%)

Totalno. ofwards



collectionschedule)


collectionschedule)

Arambagh 56,129 14.28 254.41 13.51 95 18 NIL All-Daily

Baidyabati 1,08,231 15.26 140.99 7.50 49 22 NIL All-Daily

Bansberia 1,04,453 46.00 440.39 42.00 91 22 NIL All-Daily

Bhadreswar 1,05,944 22.26 210.11 22.00 99 20 18-Alternate Day 2-Alternate Day

Champdani 1,03,232 45.00 435.91 35.00 78 22 1-Daily 21-Daily

Chandernagore 1,62,166 68.00 419.32 55.89 82 33 7-Daily 26-Alternate DayHooghly –Chinsurah 1,70,201 80.00 470.03 70.00 88 30 NIL All-Daily

Konnagar 72,211 30.00 415.45 20.00 67 19 NIL All-Alternate Day

Rishra 1,13,259 63.00 556.25 52.00 83 23 All-Alternate Day NIL

Serampore 1,79,955 50.00 277.85 36.00 72 25 NIL All-Daily

Tarakeswar 28,178 10.00 354.89 8.00 80 15 NIL All-DailyUttarpara –Kotrang 1,50,204 67.00 446.06 60.00 90 24 14-Daily 10-Daily






TruckNo. of


for MSWdisposal


MSW disposalArambagh 14.28 NIL 12 03 NIL 03 - -

Baidyabati 15.26 NIL 25 06 NIL 03 0.916 Acres -

Bansberia 46.00 15 30 04 NIL 02 5.00 Acres 1.50 Acres

Bhadreswar 22.26 60 NIL 03 NIL 03 6.00 Acres 3.00 Acres

Champdani 45.00 27 01 05 NIL 01 3.00 Acres NIL

Chandernagor 68.00 55 05 07 03 03 5.338 Acres -Hooghly –Chinsurah 80.00 50 NIL 09 01 03 6.50 Acres NIL

43





TruckNo. of


for MSWdisposal


MSW disposalKonnagar 30.00 19 NIL 04 NIL 02 - -

Rishra 63.00 33 07 04 NIL 06 NIL 2.20 Acres

Serampore 50.00 NIL 75 12 02 03 - -

Tarakeswar 10.00 NIL 35 02 NIL 02 - -Uttarpara –Kotrang 67.00 41 15 08 02 03 1.83 Acres NIL

Note: About 51 acres of land at Dirghangi, in Hooghly District identified for a common facility project(under JBIC) for MSWM for Serampore, Rishra, Konnagar, Uttarpara-Kotrang, Baidyabati andChampdani Municipality.




MunicipalHCU

Govt.HCU

Pvt.HCU

TotalBed




Arambagh 18 NIL 01 15 495 0.12 No separate collectionor disposal system

Baidyabati 14 NIL NIL 04 20 0.005 No separate collectionor disposal system

Bansberia 04 01 01 NIL 30 0.007 No separate collectionor disposal system

Bhadreswar 05 01 NIL 05 65 0.016 No separate collectionor disposal system

Champdani 08 01 01 01 109 0.027 No separate collectionor disposal system

Chandernagore 26 01 02 14 678 0.17 No separate collectionor disposal system

Hooghly –Chinsurah 35 NIL 02 09 771 0.19 No separate collection

or disposal system

Konnagar 06 01 NIL 01 58 0.014 No separate collectionor disposal system

Rishra 11 01 01 06 259 0.065 No separate collectionor disposal system

Serampore 20 NIL 03 09 636 0.16 No separate collectionor disposal system

Tarakeswar 08 NIL 01 03 140 0.035 No separate collectionor disposal system

Uttarpara –Kotrang 22 NIL 01 10 424 0.11 No separate collection

or disposal systemNote : Two CBMWTDF, one at Kalyani, in Nadia District and another at Howrah, operated by a private

operator extended their facility for the health care units situated within Hooghly District.

44

District : HOWRAH

Howrah, a small (total area 1,467 sq.km.) but important district has a total population strength of42,74,010 (in 2001 Census). One part of the Howrah district is fully engaged with industrialactivities while other part is still dependent on agriculture and traditional craft works. Howrah city,the twin city of Kolkata, lies along the west bank of the Hooghly River and connected withKolkata by Howrah Bridge(a spectacular engineering structure in British India). The city has aCentury old Engineering College. Howrah has major Grand Trunk Road connections and has theeastern terminus of major rail lines traversing eastern, northern, and central India. Howrah's riverport is lined with shipbuilding and repairing docks, and on the riverbank and elsewhere are other

45

industrial belt, like jute, cotton mills; metallurgical, chemicals Industries, etc. The tourist spot atGadiara and Uluberia draws huge number of visitors during the winter months. More than 250years old banyan tree of Botanical Garden at Sibpur is the cynosure of visitors that flock.

Municipal Bodies

Total 3 nos. municipal bodies are in this District, namely, Howrah Municipal Corporation andBally and Uluberia Municipality. Together they cover an area of 97sq. km. and have totalmunicipal population strength of 14,72,374. The Howrah Municipal Corporation is one of the Oldand big Cities of India(Established in 1862), having above 10 lakhs population as per Census2001. In the Howrah Municipal Corporation area the per capita solid waste generation is alsohigh (817gms/day). Like other old cities this city is also very congested. Including HowrahMunicipal Corporation total 1,015 MT of MSW generated per day in these three municipal areas,excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 89 nos. health care units (bed strength 2,877) and65 nos. clinics and pathological units. Except some of the Govt. health care units of Howrahdistrict, most of all other HCUs of Howrah district are joined the CBMWTDF-Howrah fortreatment and disposal of their bio-medical wastes.


Name & Address ofthe Municipality Phone/FAX No. Population

in 1991Population

in 2001


Population

density/sq. km.

Municipalcategory

Bally Municipality P.O.: BallyDist. : Howrah

2654 2491 / 2236FAX: 2654 7052 1,84,474 2,61,575 12.00 21,798 Class I

Howrah MunicipalCorporation4, M. G. RoadDist. : Howrah

2660 3211 / 3212 /3032FAX: 2660 3214 9,50,435 10,08,704 52.00 19,398 Class I

(Metro city)

Uluberia MunicipalityP.O.: UluberiaDist. : Howrah

2661 0274FAX: 2661 1395 1,55,172 2,02,095 33.00 6,124 Class I


Name ofthe

MunicipalBodies

Populationin 2001


Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)

MSWCollection

/day (in MT)

Collection

efficiency(%)

Total no.of wards



collectionschedule)


collectionschedule)

Bally 2,61,575 150.00 573.45 140.00 93 29 All - Daily

Howrah 10,08,704 825.00 817.88 800.00 97 50 44 - Daily 6 - Daily

Uluberia 2,02,095 40.00 197.93 4.00 10 28 Not Yet Started Properly

46



MSWGeneration

/day (in MT)



TruckNo. of


for MSWdisposal


Bally 150.00 75 NIL 15 01 15 4.16 Acres 5.00 Acres

Howrah 825.00 NIL 565 21 25 21 16.33 Acres

Uluberia 40.00 02 NIL NIL NIL NIL 4.37 Acres



No. ofClinic/P

athlabs.

MunicipalHCU

Govt.HCU

Pvt.HCU

TotalBed




Bally 03 01 04 10 754 0.19

Through Common Bio-medical waste

treatment facilityprovided by a private

operator

Howrah 45 NIL 07 52 1,588 0.39



operator

Uluberia N.A. 01 02 13 574 0.14



operator

47

District : JALPAIGURI

A district with abundance of beauty through deep forests, wild life and tea plantations. Theclimate favours the agricultural production of major crops. The district covers an area of 6,227sq.km. and has a total population strength as per 2001 Census is 34,03,204. The New Jalpaiguri(NJP- 4 kms from city) is connected through express trains to all major Indian cities. In East thedistrict has connections with the Northeastern parts of India and in the North Bhutan border.

Municipal Bodies

Total 4 nos. municipal bodies are in this District, namely, Alipurduar, Dhupguri, Jalpaiguri andMal. Together they cover an area of 44.33sq. km. and have total municipal population strengthof 2,34,469. They produce 73.72 MT of MSW per day excluding bio-medical wastes, generatedby 11 nos. health care units (bed strength 1,115) and 51 nos. clinics and pathological units.Though, they have municipal dumping ground there are no facilities for scientifictreatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.

48


MunicipalityPhone/ FAX No.

Populationin 1991

Populationin 2001

Total area (in sq. km.)

Populationdensity/ sq.

km.Municipalcategory

Alipurduar MunicipalityP.O.: AlipurduarDist. : Jalpaiguri

953564 255580FAX: 256134 65,241 73,047 9.36 7,804 Class II

Dhupguri MunicipalityP.O.: DhupguriDist. : Jalpaiguri

953563 25004630,375 37,998 14.55 2,612 Class III

Jalpaiguri MunicipalityP.O.: JalpaiguriDist. : Jalpaiguri

953561 230050FAX: 231069 68,732 1,00,212 12.92 7,756 Class I

Mal MunicipalityP.O.: MalDist. : Jalpaiguri

953562 255284FAX: 255731 20,395 23,210 7.50 3,095 Class III



BodiesPopulation

in 2001


Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)

MSWCollect

ion /day

(in MT)

Collection

efficiency(%)

Totalno. ofwards

Collection method

Doorstep (no. of wardscovered and

collection schedule)


collectionschedule)

Alipurduar 73,047 18.26 249.98 15.00 82 20 NIL All – AlternateDay

Dhupguri 37,998 11.46 300.02 NIL NIL 16 Collection system yet to develop.

Jalpaiguri 1,00,300 40.00 399.15 30.00 75 25 NIL All - Daily

Mal 23,210 4.00 172.32 3.00 75 16 NIL All – Daily






TruckNo. of


for MSWdisposal


MSWdisposal

Alipurduar 18.26 NIL 24 02 NIL 02 NIL 18.48 Acres

Dhupguri 11.46 Collection system yet to develop NIL NIL

Jalpaiguri 40.00 25 NIL 01 04 01 17.50 Acres NIL

Mal 4.00 NIL 10 04 NIL 02 NIL NIL



No. ofClinic/ Path

labs.Municipal

HCUGovt.HCU

Pvt.HCU

TotalBed




Alipurduar 22 NIL 01 04 295 0.074 No separate collectionor disposal system

Dhupguri 08 NIL 01 01 45 0.011 No separate collectionor disposal system

Jalpaiguri 14 NIL 01 03 675 0.170 No separate collectionor disposal system

Mal 07 NIL 01 NIL 110 0.027 No separate collectionor disposal system

49

District : KOLKATA

Three large villages along the east bank of the river Hooghly viz. Sutanuti, Gobindapur andKalikata were bought by the British from the local landlords and they together constituted thetown Calcutta. In 1772, Robert Clive defeated Nawab Siraj-ud-daullah in the battle of Plasseyand Calcutta became the capital of British India. Then, the Capital of India shifted from Calcuttato Delhi in 1912. In 1947, when India gained freedom and the country got partitioned betweenIndia and Pakistan, Calcutta was included in the Indian part of Bengal, and it became the capitalcity of the state of West Bengal. Few years ago Calcutta renamed as 'Kolkata'. Today Kolkataforms the commercial and industrial hub of eastern India as well as a major port, situated on theright bank of the river Hooghly (about 150 kms. upstream from the Bay of Bengal). The climateof Kolkata is warm and humid most of the year with seasonal rainfall (June-September). Kolkatais one of the biggest and flourishing cities with a cosmopolitan atmosphere serving as the centerfor culture and politics in West Bengal.

50

Municipal BodiesKolkata district, mainly the jurisdiction of Kolkata Municipal Corporation, covers an area of187.33sq. km. with total municipal population strength 45,80,544 (as per Census-2001 Report,but there is a major nos. of floating population). Per day more than 2,700 MT of MSW generatedin Kolkata. MSW is collected daily from roadside bins and also from house-to-house and itdumped into the Dhapa Dumping ground. KMC recently identified a new land near Dhapa forscientific disposal of MSW in future. Treatment & disposal of Bio-medical waste generated from342 nos. Nursing Homes/Hospitals (bed strength 25,751) and 459 nos. clinics and pathologicalunits. in KMC areas are done through a CBMWTDF developed by M/s. SembRamkyEnvironmental Management Pvt. Ltd. (details of the facility is given in next Chapter).



Populationin 2001



Municipalcategory

Kolkata MunicipalCorporation5, S. N. Banerjee RoadKolkata – 700 013.

2286 1111 / 1211FAX: 2286 1311 43,99,819 45,80,544 187.33 24,452 Metro city



BodiesPopulation

in 2001


Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)


Collection

efficiency (%)

Totalno. ofwards



collectionschedule)


collectionschedule)

KolkataMunicipalCorporation

45,80,544 2700.00 589.45 2640.00 98 141 All - DailyRoad side

Containers &open vats - Daily





Tricycle Handcart

Trailer, RefuseCollector,

Dumper Placer No. ofTruck

No. ofTractor

Existing landfor MSWdisposal


Kolkata MunicipalCorporation 2700.00 250 6,450 10 - 04 - 73 269 10

Two Sites,Area – 69.73

Acres211.63 Acres



No. ofClinic/P

athlabs.

MunicipalHCU

Govt.HCU

Pvt.HCU

TotalBed




Kolkata MunicipalCorporation 459 05 49 293 25,751 6.44

Through Common Facility,provided by SembRamky

EnvironmentalManagement Pvt. Ltd.

51

District : MALDA

The district Malda maintains its tradition of past culture and education. Along with agriculture,sericulture and mango cultivation yields rich dividends for its inhabitants. Malda district covers anarea of 3,733 sq.km. and has a population strength of 32,90,160 in 2001. Fertile soil togetherwith the benefits of river water helps in the optimum utilization of land for agricultural activitiesbut during rainy season some of the area flooded by river water. Malda lies just east of theconfluence of the Mahananda and Kalindri rivers and is part of the English Bazar urbanagglomeration. The town rose to prominence as the river port of the Hindu capital of Pandua.During the 18th century it was the seat of prosperous cotton and silk industries. It remains animportant distributing centre for rice, jute, and wheat. Rice, jute, legumes, and oilseeds are thechief crops of the surrounding area. Mulberry plantations and mango orchards occupy largeareas; mango trade and silk manufacture being the main economic activities.

Municipal Bodies

Total 2 nos. municipal bodies are in this District, namely, Old Malda & English Bazar. Togetherthey cover an area of 22.83 sq. km. and have total municipal population strength of 2,24,392.They produce 47.1 MT of MSW per day excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 12 nos.

52

health care units (bed strength 658) and 24 nos. clinics and pathological units. Though, theyhave municipal dumping ground there are no facilities for scientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.



in 1991Population in

2001



Municipalcategory

English BazarMunicipalityP.O.: English BazarDist. : Malda

953512 252029FAX: 253329 1,39,204 1,61,448 13.25 12,185 Class I

Old Malda MunicipalityP.O. : Old MaldaDist. : Malda

953512 260540FAX: 260235 13,021 62,944 9.58 6,570 Class II



Bodies

Population in2001

MSWGeneration /day

(in MT)

Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)

MSWCollect

ion /day

(in MT)

Collection

efficiency(%)

Totalno. ofwards



collectionschedule)


collectionschedule)

EnglishBazar 1,61,448 33.90 209.97 33.00 97 25 All - Daily NIL

Old Malda 62,944 13.20 210.00 13.00 98 17 NIL All – Daily






Truck No. of TractorExisting land

for MSWdisposal


English Bazar 33.90 NIL 50 06 NIL 02 3.50 Acres 11.66 Acres

Old Malda 13.20 NIL 38 04 NIL 01 NIL NIL



No. ofClinic/Pat

h labs.Municipal

HCUGovt.HCU

Pvt.HCU

TotalBed




English Bazar 22 01 01 09 673 0.17They have separatecollection system for

BMWOld Malda 01 NIL 01 01 25 0.006 No separate collection

or disposal system

53

District: EAST MIDNAPORE

The District Midnapore is the land of Vidyasagar, a great social reformer and educationalist andit also a land of patriotic movement during India’s freedom struggle. Few years ago theMidnapore district was divided into two separate districts, viz. East Midnapore (PurbaMedinipur) and West Midnapore (Paschim Medinipur) district. The East Midnapore District withHaldia as one of the prominent ports in Eastern India, has developed an industrial hub ofBengal. The Digha region of this district with its beautiful sandy beaches has also become oneof the preferred tourist destinations in West Bengal. Tamluk, Mahishadal, Geonkhali,Maynagarh etc. also have great tourism potential. Scenic beauty of rivers in Haldia andGeonkhali, old palaces and temples of Mahishadal, age-old Tamralipta Palace, BargabhimaTemple are the other assets of this district.

Municipal Bodies

Purba Medinipur district have 5 municipal bodies, namely Contai (Kanthi), Egra, Haldia,Panskura & Tamluk altogether covers an area of 183.92 sq. km. with total municipal populationstrength 3,69,276. They total produce per day 98.3 MT of MSW excluding bio-medical wastes,

54

generated by 52 nos. health care units (bed strength 1,102) and 123 nos. clinics andpathological units. Though, they have municipal dumping ground there are no facilities forscientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.



Populationin 2001



Municipalcategory

Contai MunicipalityP.O.: ContaiDist. : PurbaMedinipur

953220 255017FAX: 953220 255599

53,484 77,497 14.25 5,438 Class II

Egra MunicipalityP.O.: EgraDist. : PurbaMedinipur

953220 244371FAX : 244 371 21,000 25,180 17.21 1,463 Class III

Haldia MunicipalityCity Center, DebhogDist.: Purba Medinipur

953224 252996FAX: 953224252154

1,00,347 1,70,695 120.00 1,422 Class I

Panskura MunicipalityP.O.: PanskuraDist. : PurbaMedinipur

953228 252312 49,818 50,078 17.04 2,939 Class II

Tamluk MunicipalityP.O.: TamlukDist. : PurbaMedinipur

953228 266007FAX: 953228267370

38,688 45,826 15.42 2,972 Class III



BodiesPopulation

in 2001

MSWGeneration /day

(in MT)

Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)

MSWCollect

ion /day

(in MT)

Collection

efficiency(%)

Totalno. ofwards



collectionschedule)


collectionschedule)

Contai 77,497 16.30 210.33 16.00 98 18 NIL All-Alternate Day

Egra 25,180 8.00 317.71 6.00 75 14 NIL All – AlternateDay

Haldia 1,70,695 50.00 292.92 32.00 64 25 NIL All - AlternateDay

Panskura 50,078 12.00 239.63 NIL NIL 17 Yet to Start

Tamluk 45,826 12.00 261.86 10.00 83 26 NIL All-Daily






TruckNo. of

Tractor

Existingland for

MSWdisposal


MSW disposal

Contai 16.30 NIL 75 06 03 06 2.00 Acres NIL

Egra 8.00 NIL 20 01 NIL 01 NIL NIL

Haldia 50.00 02 15 04 01 04 4.00 Acres NIL

Panskura 12.00 No Transport Facility is Available Here 5.00 Acres

Tamluk 12.00 NIL 30 03 01 03 0.01 Acres 0.19 Acres

55



No. ofClinic/P

athlabs.

MunicipalHCU

Govt.HCU

Pvt.HCU

TotalBed




Contai 40 NIL 01 11 212 0.053 No separate collectionor disposal system

Egra 12 NIL 01 09 144 0.036 No separate collectionor disposal system

Haldia 12 NIL 03 07 260 0.065 No separate collectionor disposal system

Panskura 09 NIL NIL 05 39 0.009 No separate collectionor disposal system

Tamluk 50 NIL 01 14 444 0.111 No separate collectionor disposal system

* the Common facility for treatment, storage, disposal for HW and BMW at Haldia will handle the Healthcare wastes generated from these health care units.

56

District: WEST MIDNAPORE

At the time of division of Midnapore District, the bigger part was named as Paschim Medinipur orWest Midnapore District. The Indian Institute of Technology in Kharagpur, inaugurated byMaulana Abul Kalam Azad in August 18, 1951 is one of the India’s premier institutions foradvanced research in the field of science and technology, where students from different statesflock together. Jhargram, a place known for its scenic beauty also attracts tourists from differentparts of India.

Municipal Bodies

Paschim Medinipur district have 8 nos. municipal bodies, namely Chandrakona, Ghatal,Jhargram, Kharagpur, Kharar, Kshirpai, Medinipur & Ramjibanpur altogether covers an area of

57

129.34 sq. km. with total municipal population strength 5,31,966. They total produce per day214.31 MT of MSW excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 73 nos. health care units (bedstrength 2,154) and 51 nos. clinics and pathological units. Though, they have municipal dumpingground there are no facilities for scientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.



Phone/FAX No.

Populationin 1991

Populationin 2001



Municipalcategory

Chandrakona MunicipalityP.O.: ChandrakonaDist. : Paschim Medinipur

953225 266221 16,804 20,400 16.50 1,236 Class III

Ghatal MunicipalityPO. GhatalDist. : Paschim Medinipur

953225 255059FAX: 255059

43,770 51,586 10.31 5,159 Class II

Jhargram MunicipalityP.O.: JhargramDist. : Paschim Medinipur

953221 255021FAX: 255098

42,094 53,158 17.04 3,120 Class II

Kharagpur MunicipalityP.O.: Kharagpur - IDist. : Paschim Medinipur

953222 275347FAX: 255347

1,77,989 2,07,984 35.53 5,854 Class I

Kharar MunicipalityP.O.: KhararDist. : Paschim Medinipur

953473 25823010,314 11,580 10.26 1,129 Class IV

Kshirpai MunicipalityP.O.: KshirpaiDist. : Paschim Medinipur

953225 260223 12,199 14,545 11.65 1,248 Class IV

Midnapore MunicipalityP.O.: MidnaporeDist. : Paschim Medinipur

953222 262384FAX: 266483

1,25,498 1,53,349 18.36 8,352 Class I

Ramjibanpur MunicipalityP.O.: RamjibanpurDist. : Paschim Medinipur

953225 269223 14,904 17,363 10.00 1,736 Class IV



BodiesPopulation

in 2001

MSWGeneration /day

(in MT)

Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)

MSWCollect

ion /day

(in MT)

Collection

efficiency(%)

Totalno. ofwards



collectionschedule)


collectionschedule)

Chandrakona 20,400 5.00 245.10 4.00 80 12 NIL All – Alternate Day

Ghatal 51,586 10.31 199.86 7.43 72 17 NIL All - Daily

Jhargram 53,158 15.00 282.18 14.00 93 17 2 - Daily 15 - Daily

Kharagpur 2,07,984 80.00 384.64 65.00 81 30 29 - Daily 1 - Daily

Kharar 11,580 4.00 345.42 1.00 25 10 NIL All – Alternate Day

Kshirpai 14,545 4.00 275.01 2.00 50 10 NIL All – Alternate Day

Midnapore 1,53,349 92.00 599.94 60.00 65 24 2 - Daily 22 – Alternate Day

Ramjibanpur 17,363 4.00 230.37 NIL NIL 11 Not yet started

58

Table III: MSW transportation and disposal status


MSWGeneratio

n /day (in MT)



TruckNo. of


for MSWdisposal


MSWdisposal

Chandrakona 5.00 NIL 03 01 NIL 01 NIL NIL

Ghatal 10.31 NIL 12 01 NIL 01 3.00 Acres NIL

Jhargram 15.00 05 11 03 NIL 03 0.5 Acres 3.16 Acres

Kharagpur 80.00 NIL 116 03 01 03 NIL NIL

Kharar 4.00 NIL 04 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL

Kshirpai 4.00 NIL 06 NIL NIL NIL Transport System yet to Develop

Midnapore 92.00 NIL 96 01 02 01 5.497 Acres NIL

Ramjibanpur 4.00 NIL 05 01 NIL 01 NIL NIL



No. ofClinic/Path labs.

MunicipalHCU

Govt.HCU

Pvt.HCU

TotalBed




Chandrakona NIL NIL 01 01 65 0.016 No separate collectionor disposal system

Ghatal 40 NIL 01 25 424 0.11 No separate collectionor disposal system

Jhargram 30 NIL 01 06 316 0.079 No separate collectionor disposal system

Kharagpur 10 01 02 13 456 0.11 No separate collectionor disposal system

Kharar 01 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL No separate collectionor disposal system

Kshirpai 02 NIL 01 NIL 10 0.002 No separate collectionor disposal system

Midnapore 50 NIL 03 17 9,240 0.23 No separate collectionor disposal system

Ramjibanpur 03 NIL 01 NIL 10 0.002 No separate collectionor disposal system

59

District : MURSHIDABAD

The district originally called ‘Makhsudabad’ was the ‘home of Nawabs’. In 1704, the nawab ofBengal Murshid Quli Khan transferred his capital to here from Dacca (now Dhaka) and renamedit as ‘Murshidabad’. The district with Berhampore as the headquarter, covers an area of 5,324sq.km. and has a population strength of 58,63,717 (Census-2001). The district is known for itsrich tradition of culture and education; with agriculture being the primary activity. Sericulture(Silk)

60

and mango trade are the chief source of income and boosts the economic growth of this district.The city of Murshidabad, lying east of river Bhagirathi is an important agricultural and silk-weaving center. The district also attracts tourists for its historical monuments.

Municipal Bodies

Total 7 nos. municipal bodies are in this District, namely, Beldanga, Berhampore, Dhulian,Jangipur, Jiaganj-Azimganj, Kandi, and Murshidabad. Together they cover an area of 92 sq. km.and have total municipal population strength of 4,67,366. They produce 159.55MT of MSW perday excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 39 nos. health care units (bed strength 2,154)and 51 nos. clinics and pathological units. Though, they have municipal dumping ground thereare no facilities for scientific treatment/disposal of bio-medical waste.



Phone/FAX No.

Populationin 1991

Populationin 2001



Municipalcategory

Beldanga MunicipalityP.O.: BeldangaDist. : Murshidabad

953482 264113FAX: 264113 20,249 25,361 4.00 6,340 Class III

Berhampore MunicipalityP.O.: BerhamporeDist. : Murshidabad

953482 250012FAX: 251299 1,15,144 1,60,168 31.00 5,167 Class I

Dhuliyan MunicipalityPO.: DhuliyanDist. : Murshidabad

953485 265233 /266133 33,191 72,906 6.00 12,151 Class II

Jangipur MunicipalityP.O.: RaghunathganjDist. : Murshidabad

953483 266074FAX: 266017 55,981 74,464 8.00 9,308 Class II

Jiaganj - AzimganjMunicipalityP.O.: AzimganjDist. : Murshidabad

953483 253222 42,104 47,228 14.00 3,373 Class III

Kandi MunicipalityP.O.: KandiDist. : Murshidabad

953484 255424 FAX: 255783 39,652 50,345 13.00 3,873 Class II

MurshidabadMunicipalityP.O.: MurshidabadDist. : Murshidabad

953482 270232 /271513 30327 36894 16.00 2306 Class III



BodiesPopulation

in 2001

MSWGeneration /day

(in MT)

Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)

MSWCollect

ion /day

(in MT)

Collection

efficiency(%)

Totalno. ofwards



collectionschedule)


collectionschedule)

Beldanga 25,361 25.00 985.77 24.00 96 14 NIL All – Weekly

Berhampore 1,60,168 33.60 210.00 33.00 98 23 NIL All – Daily

Dhuliyan 72,906 10.00 137.16 8.00 80 19 NIL All – Daily

61


BodiesPopulation

in 2001

MSWGeneration /day

(in MT)

Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)

MSWCollect

ion /day

(in MT)

Collection

efficiency(%)

Totalno. ofwards



collectionschedule)


collectionschedule)

Jangipur 74,464 51.95 697.65 51.00 98 20 NIL All - DailyJiaganj -Azimganj 47,228 9.00 190.56 8.00 89 17 NIL All - Daily

Kandi 50,345 16.00 317.81 14.00 88 17 08 - Daily 09 - Daily

Murshidabad 36,894 14.00 379.47 13.00 93 16 NIL All – Alternate Day



MSWGeneration

/day (in MT)



TruckNo. of



MSW disposalBeldanga 25.00 NIL 14 03 NIL 03 NIL

Berhampore 33.60 200 NIL 14 01 08 2.19 Acres

Dhuliyan 10.00 NIL 20 01 NIL 01 NIL

Jangipur 51.95 NIL 20 03 NIL 03 1.00 AcresJiaganj -Azimganj 9.00 NIL 22 02 NIL 02 4.00 Acres

Kandi 16.00 NIL 30 03 NIL 03 1.33 Acres 1.16 Acres

Murshidabad 14.00 NIL 18 03 NIL 18 6.66 Acres




MunicipalHCU

Govt.HCU Pvt. HCU Total

Bed




Beldanga 03 NIL 02 NIL 55 0.014 No separate collectionor disposal system

Berhampore 11 NIL 03 18 969 0.242 No separate collectionor disposal system

Dhuliyan 02 NIL 01 NIL 15 0.004 No separate collectionor disposal system

Jangipur 04 NIL 01 02 270 0.068 No separate collectionor disposal system

Jiaganj -Azimganj 03 NIL 02 01 50 0.013 No separate collection

or disposal system

Kandi 07 NIL 01 02 260 0.065 No separate collectionor disposal system

Murshidabad 09 NIL 01 04 275 0.069 No separate collectionor disposal system

62

District : NADIA

The district Nadia, which is the land of Gouranga Mahaprabhu and Baishnav religion, is alsofamous for its ‘Tant’ (Hand-mill). The district with its administrative headquarters at Krishnanagarjust South of Jalangi River cover an area of 3,927 sq.km. and has a population strength of46,03,756 as per Census-2001. Apart from Tant, the district is also famous for the manufactureof earthen sculptures, specially coloured clay figures. Sugar milling is one of the major industriesof this district. Kalyani, a well-planned city of this district, is one of the important industrial zonesin West Bengal.

63

GGaayyeesshhppuurr

Municipal Bodies

Total 10 nos. municipal bodies are in this District, 8 of them are municipalities, namely Birnagar,Chakdaha, Gayeshpur, Kalyani, Krishnanagar, Nabadwip, Ranaghat and Santipur and 2 nos.Notified Area Authorities, namely Cooper’s Camp and Taherpur. Kalyani and Gayeshpurmunicipality situated within the KMA and others in outside KMA. 10 nos. municipal bodiestogether cover an area of 139.60 sq.km. and have total municipal population strength of7,49,443. They produce 200.91MT of MSW per day excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by50 nos. health care units (bed strength 3,478) and 62 nos. clinics and pathological units. InKalyani municipal area JNM Hospital (State Govt. Hospital) have a Autoclave, which is utilizingas a common treatment facility for BMW generated in Kalyani municipal areas and recentlyanother full-fledged CBMWTDF is setting up by a private operator at Kalyani municipal area fortreatment and disposal of BMW generated by the health care units situated within entire KMA.


MunicipalityPhone/

FAX No. Population

in 1991Population

in 2001Total area (in sq. km.)



Birnagar MunicipalityP.O.: BirnagarDist. : Nadia

953473 260227 20,015 26,596 5.52 4,818 Class III

Chakdaha MunicipalityP.O.: ChakdahaDist. : Nadia

953473 242023FAX: 242023 74,769 86,965 15.36 5,662 Class II

Gayeshpur MunicipalityPO. KataganjDist. : Nadia

2589 8579FAX: 25899614 52,158 55,028 23.00 2,393 Class II

Kalyani MunicipalityP.O.: KalyaniDist. : Nadia

2582 8455 /9569FAX: 25828630

55,579 81,984 29.14 2,813 Class II

KrihsnanagarMunicipalityP.O.: KrishannagarDist. : Nadia

953472 252926FAX: 252455 1,21,110 1,39,070 15.96 8,714 Class I

Nabadwip MunicipalityNetaji Subhas RoadDist. : Nadia

953472 240008 1,25,037 1,15,036 11.25 10,225 Class I

Ranaghat MunicipalityP.O.: RanaghatDist. : Nadia

953473 210030FAX : 210029 62,532 68,754 7.72 8,906 Class II

Santipur MunicipalityP.O.: SantipurDist. : Nadia

953472 278029FAX: 277170 1,09,956 1,38,195 25.4 5,441 Class I

Cooper’s Camp NotifiedArea AuthorityP.O.: RanaghatDist. : Nadia

953473 258230 16,000 17,755 1.5 11,837 Notifiedarea

Taherpur Notified AreaAuthorityP.O.: TaherpurDist. : Nadia

953473 260250/ 277 19,000 20,060 4.75 4,223 Notified

area

64



Bodies

Population in2001

MSWGeneration /day

(in MT)

Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)

MSWCollect

ion /day

(in MT)

Collection

efficiency(%)

Totalno. ofwards



collectionschedule)

Road side (no. of wards covered

and collectionschedule)

Birnagar 26,596 5.60 210.56 1.00 18 14 NIL All - Daily

Chakdaha 86,965 18.26 209.97 2.00 11 20 NIL All - Daily

Gayeshpur 55,028 11.60 210.80 11.00 95 18 NIL All - Alternate Day

Kalyani 81,984 30.00 365.93 29.00 97 19 3 - Daily 16 - Twice in a Week

Krihsnanagar 1,39,070 34.00 244.48 24.00 71 24 2 - Daliy 22 - Daily

Nabadwip 1,15,036 24.15 209.93 3.58 15 24 All - Daily NIL

Ranaghat 68,754 20.00 290.89 19.00 95 19 5 - Daily 14 - Daily

Santipur 1,38,195 50.00 361.81 42.00 84 23 NIL All - Daily

Cooper’s Camp 17,755 3.10 174.60 1.50 48 12 NIL All - Alternate Day

Taherpur 20,060 4.02 209.37 1.00 24 13 NIL All - Daily






TruckNo. of



MSW disposalBirnagar 5.60 03 NIL 01 NIL 01 NIL 8.33 Acres

Chakdaha 18.26 NIL 08 01 NIL 01 0.63 Acres 4.3 Acres

Gayeshpur 11.60 18 NIL 04 NIL 04 NIL NIL

Kalyani 30.00 19 05 05 NIL 05 6.00 Acres NIL

Krihsnanagar 34.00 30 110 04 01 04 3.50 Acres NIL

Nabadwip 24.15 30 50 06 NIL 06 49.9 Acres NIL

Ranaghat 20.00 19 02 06 01 06 2.09 Acres NIL

Santipur 50.00 NIL 10 05 01 05 2.09 Acres NIL

Cooper’s Camp 3.10 08 NIL 01 NIL 01 NIl NIL

Taherpur 4.02 01 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIl 0.28 Acres

65



No. ofClinic/P

athlabs.

MunicipalHCU

Govt.HCU

Pvt.HCU

TotalBed




Birnagar NIL NIL NIL 01 10 0.002 No separate collectionor disposal system

Chakdaha 05 NIL 01 03 116 0.029 No separate collectionor disposal system

Gayeshpur 04 01 02 NIL 1173 0.29 No separate collectionor disposal system

Kalyani 03 NIL 02 12 967 0.24Through CommonBio-medical wastetreatment facility at

JNM HospitalKrihsnanagar 17 NIL 01 11 610 0.15 No separate collection

or disposal systemNabadwip 15 NIL 01 04 176 0.044 No separate collection

or disposal systemRanaghat 11 NIL NIL 07 74 0.018 No separate collection

or disposal systemSantipur 06 NIL 01 01 141 0.035 No separate collection

or disposal systemCooper’s Camp 01 NIL NIL NIL NIL No considerable quantity of Bio-medical

Waste generate hereTaherpur NIL NIL 01 NIL 10 0.002 No separate collection

or disposal system

Note: A private operator developed a Full-fledged CBMWTDF (it may handle the waste generated from30,000 bed). They also provide their service for the health care units situated within the entire Nadia district.Details about the facility discussed in the Chapter-IV.

66

District : PURULIA

Purulia, a district of tribal culture. Covers an area of 6,259 sq.km. and has a total populationstrength of 25,35,233 as per Census-2001. Although rich in mineral deposits this district iseconomically backward as rocky and parched land covering large portion of this district rendercultivation tough, throughout the year. ‘Chhau Dance’, a traditional folk dance of Bengal has itsorigin from this district. Purulia town situated north of the Kasai River, a major road and railjunction, also serves as the headquarter of the Purulia District. Oilseed milling, silk and cottonweaving, shellac manufacture are the major industries. Ayodhya Hill is an important tourist spotof this district. A dam across the Kasai River plays the dual role of flood mitigation and irrigationfor the area.

67

Municipal Bodies

Purulia district have only 3 nos. municipal bodies, namely Purulia, Raghunathpur, Jhaldaaltogether covers an area of 30 sq.km. with total municipal population strength 1,53,448. Theytotal produce per day 23.40 MT of MSW excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 7 nos.health care units (bed strength 624) and 18 nos. clinics and pathological units. At present thereare no facility for scientific treatment and disposal of bio-medical waste.

Table I : Brief general information about the Municipal Bodies Name & Address of

the MunicipalityPhone/FAX

No. Population

in 1991Population

in 2001Total area (in sq. km.)



Purulia MunicipalityP.O.: PuruliaDist. : Purulia

953252 222409FAX: 223688 92,386 1,13,766 8.00 14,221 Class I

Jhalda MunicipalityP.O.: JhaldaDist. : Purulia

953254 255219 17,217 17,870 9.00 1,986 Class IV

RaghunathpurMunicipalityP.O.: RaghunathpurDist. : Purulia

953251 25522719,187 21,812 13.00 1,678 Class III



BodiesPopulation

in 2001

MSWGeneration /day

(in MT)

Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)

MSWCollection /day

(in MT)

Collection

efficiency(%)

Totalno. ofwards



collectionschedule)


collectionschedule)

Purulia 1,13,766 15.00 131.85 14.00 93 22 3 – Alternate Day 19 - Daily

Jhalda 17,870 3.80 212.65 3.00 78 12 NIL All – AlternateDay

Raghunathpur 21,812 4.60 210.89 4.00 87 13 NIL All - Daily






TruckNo. of


for MSWdisposal


MSW disposalPurulia 15.00 12 20 06 01 03 2.50 Acres NILJhalda 3.80 NIL 11 02 NIL 02 NIL NILRaghunathpur 4.60 NIL 08 01 01 01 NIL NIL



No. ofClinic/P

athlabs.

MunicipalHCU

Govt.HCU

Pvt.HCU

TotalBed




Purulia 09 NIL 01 04 546 0.14 No separate collectionor disposal system

Jhalda 06 NIL No separate collectionor disposal system

Raghunathpur 03 NIL 01 01 78 0.019 No separate collectionor disposal system

68

District: NORTH 24 PARGANAS

It is a district with densely populated urban fringe of the metropolitan city of Kolkata with alreadybuilt Salt Lake City and the up-coming new city at Rajarhat and the remote riverine villages in theSundarbans. It covers an area of 14,052 sq.km. and has a population strength of 89,30,295(Census-2001). Among the major industries jute and rice mills, sawmills, and hosiery goodsmanufacturing, chemical industries, etc. are notable.

SSoouutthh DDuumm DDuumm

NNoorrtthh DDuumm DDuumm

MMaaddhhyyaammggrraamm

NNeeww BBaarrrraacckkppoorree PPaanniihhaattii KKaammaarrhhaattii

BBhhaattppaarraa GGaarruulliiaa

BBiiddhhaannnnaaggaarr

NNoorrtthh BBaarrrraacckkppoorree

69

Municipal Bodies

North 24-Parganas district has maximum numbers of municipal bodies. Out of total 27 nos.municipal bodies, 20 nos. are situated within KMA namely, Baranagar, Barasat, Barrackpore,Bidhannagar, Bhatpara, Dum Dum, Garulia, Halisahar, Kamarhati, Madhyamgram, Naihati, NewBarrackpore, North Dum Dum, North Barrackpore, Panihati, Titagarh, South Dum Dum,Kanchrapara, Khardah, Rajarhat-Gopalpur and rest 7nos. are outside KMA namely,Ashoknagar-Kalyangarh, Baduria, Basirhat, Bongaon, Gobardanga, Habra, Taki. Among 20 nos.Municipal body in KMA 12 nos. are situated nearer the eastern bank of river Hooghly. TotalMunicipal area of 27 nos. municipal bodies is 429.893 sq.km. with total municipal populationstrength 46,10,019. They total produce per day 2,133.54 MT of MSW excluding bio-medicalwastes, generated by 216 nos. health care units (bed strength 6,250) and 319 nos. clinics andpathological units. Some Municipality have already taken some initiative for developing separatecollection system for BMW generated from respective municipal areas and recently aCBMWTDF developed by a private operator at Kalyani area, which provide the collection,treatment and disposal services for the BMW generated in this district.



in 1991Population

in 2001

Totalarea

(in sq.km.)


Municipalcategory

Ashoknagar-KalyangarhMunicipalityP.O.: AshoknagarDist: North 24 Parganas

953216 258125FAX: 953216 257454 96,747 1,11,475 16.50 6,756 Class I

Baduria MunicipalityP.O.: BaduriaDist: North 24 Parganas

953217 237 245FAX: 953217 238 460 41,762 47,418 12.00 3,952 Class III

Baranagar Municipality87, Deshbandhu Road, P.O.: AlambazarKolkata- 700035

2577 6595/ 0012FAX: 2577 1071 2,24,821 2,50,615 7.12 35,199 Class I

Barasat MunicipalityRishi Bankim Chatterjee St.P.O.: BarasatDist. : North 24 Pgs

2552 3211 / 2562 1,02,660 2,31,515 34.50 6,711 Class I

Barrackpore MunicipalityB.T. RoadP.O.: TalpukurDist. : North 24 Parganas

2592 0221 / 5565FAX: 2592 2679 1,33,265 1,44,331 11.68 12,357 Class I

Basirhat MunicipalityP.O.: BasirhatDist: North 24 Parganas

953217 265224 1,01,409 1,13,120 8.50 13,308 Class I

Bhatpara MunicipalityP.O.: BhatparaDist. : North 24 Parganas

2581 2082 FAX.: 2581 1381 3,04,952 4,41,956 31.00 14,257 Class I

Bidhannagar Municipality415A, FD Block, Salt Lake CityKolkata- 700 091

2334 9540 / 2492FAX : 2358 4235 1,00,048 1,67,848 33.50 5,010 Class I

70


in 1991Population

in 2001

Totalarea

(in sq.km.)


Municipalcategory

Bongaon MunicipalityP.O.: BongaonDist: North 24 Parganas

953215 255021 79,571 1,02,115 24.70 4,134 Class I

Dum Dum MunicipalityPost Office Road,P.O.: Dum DumKolkata- 700 028

2551 3017FAX: 2549 5214 40,961 1,01,319 9.728 10,415 Class I

Garulia MunicipalityP.O.: GaruliaDist. : North 24 Parganas

25615061 / 2535FAX : 2540 8432 80,918 76,309 6.475 11,785 Class II

Gobardanga MunicipalityP.O.: GobardangaDist: North 24 Parganas

953216 249 436 35,939 41,618 10.00 4,162 Class III

Habra MunicipalityP.O.: HabraDist: North 24 Parganas

953216 237 031 1,00,223 1,27,695 21.49 5,942 Class I

Halisahar MunicipalityP.O.: HalisaharDist. : North 24 Parganas

2588 8414 / 2585FAX: 2585 0226 1,14,028 1,24,498 8.29 15,018 Class I

Kamarhati Municipality1, M.M. Feeder Road,Rathtala, Kolkata- 700 056

2564 9580FAX: 2564 1361 2,66,889 3,14,334 10.90 28,838 Class I

Kanchrapara Municipality42, Lenin SaraniP.O.: KanchraparaDist: North 24 Parganas

2585 7405 / 4115FAX: 2585 8247 1,00,194 1,26,118 9.07 13,905 Class I

Khardah MunicipalityP.O.: KhardahDist: North 24 Parganas

2553 3060FAX: 2563 1171 88,358 1,16,252 6.87 16,922 Class I

MadhyamgramMunicipalitySodepur Road,P.O.: MadhyamgramKolkata- 700 129

2538 3683 / 0203FAX: 2538 6442 1,07,000 1,55,503 21.50 7,233 Class I

Naihati Municipality1, R.B.C.RoadPO. NaihatiDist. : North 24 Parganas

2581 2098FAX: 2581 2098 1,32,701 2,15,432 9.85 21,871 Class I

New BarrackporeMunicipalityAshutosh Mukherjee RoadP.O.: New BarrackporeDist. : North 24 Parganas

2537 5408FAX: 25378 1006 63,795 83,183 16.58 5,017 Class II

North BarrackporeMunicipalityP.O.: BarrackporeDist. : North 24 Parganas

2592 0429 / 2593 2028FAX: 2592 6004

1,00,606 1,23,523 12.22 10,108 Class I

North Dum DumMunicipalityM. B. Road,P.O.: BiratiKolkata- 700 051

2514 2101/ 2494FAX: 2514 2990 1,49,965 2,20,032 26.00 8,463 Class I

Panihati MunicipalityB. T. Road Road,P.O.: PanihatiDist. : North 24 Parganas

2553 2909 / 4457FAX: 2553 1487 2,75,990 3,48,379 19.38 17,976 Class I

71


in 1991Population

in 2001

Totalarea

(in sq.km.)


Municipalcategory

South Dum DumMunicipalityP.O.: Nager BazarKolkata- 700074

2551 2743 / 2357FAX: 2559 8388 2,32,811 3,92,150 17.80 22,031 Class I

Taki MunicipalityP.O.: TakiDist: North 24 Parganas

953217 234481FAX: 953217 234481 30,421 37,302 13.00 2,869 Class III

Titagarh MunicipalityB.T. RoadP.O.: TitagarhDist. : North 24 Parganas

2501 0359FAX: 2501 7736 1,14,085 1,24,198 3.24 38,333 Class I

Rajarhat GopalpurMunicipalityP.O.: RaghunathpurKolkata- 700 059

2500 5505FAX: 2500 7560 1,72,000 2,71,781 28.00 9,706 Class I



BodiesPopulation

in 2001


Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)


Collection

efficiency(%)

Totalno. ofwards



collectionschedule)


collectionschedule)

Ashoknagar-Kalyangarh 96,747 20.00 179.00 10.00 50 22 NIL Daily

Baduria 41,762 20.00 420.00 15.00 75 17 NIL DailyBaranagar 2,24,821 140.00 558.63 125.00 89 33 21 - Daily 12 - DailyBarasat 2,31,515 72.00 310.99 52.00 72 30 10 - All

Alternate Day20 - All Alternate

DayBarrackpore 1,44,331 28.00 194.00 26.00 93 24 All Alternate

Day NIL

Basirhat 1,01,409 18.00 159.12 10.00 56 22 NIL DailyBhatpara 4,41,956 220.00 497.79 180.00 82 35 NIL All - DailyBidhannagar 1,00,048 150.00 893.67 100.00 67 23 All Alternate

Day NIL

Bongaon 79,571 20.42 199.97 15.00 73 21 11 - AllAlternate Day

11 - All AlternateDay

Dum Dum 1,01,319 45.00 444.14 44.00 98 22 21 - Daily 01 – DailyGarulia 76,309 35.00 458.66 30 86 21 NIL All – Daily

Gobardanga 41,618 5.00 120.01 3.0 60 17 NIL Daily

Habra 1,00,223 45.00 352.00 30.00 67 22 NIL DailyHalisahar 1,14,028 37.00 297.19 30.00 81 23 NIL All - DailyKamarhati 3,14,334 278.32 885.43 150.00 54 35 28 - All

Alternate Day7 – Twice in a

weekKanchrapara 1,00,194 60.00 475.74 40.00 67 24 2 - Daily 22 – Weekly

Khardah 88,358 70.00 602.14 63.00 90 21 All AlternateDay NIL

Madhyamgram 1,07,000 65.00 418.00 60.00 92 23 All AlternateDay NIL

72


BodiesPopulation

in 2001


Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)


Collection

efficiency(%)

Totalno. ofwards



collectionschedule)


collectionschedule)

Naihati 1,32,701 80.00 371.35 60.00 75 28 NIL All - DailyNew Barrackpore 63,795 14.00 168.30 10.5 75 19 All Alternate

Day NILNorthBarrackpore 1,00,606 40.00 323.83 38.00 95 22 12 - Daily 10 – Alternate

DayNorth Dum Dum 2,20,032 62.00 281.00 49.00 79 30 12 - All

Alternate Day18 – Once in a

weekPanihati 2,75,990 329.00 944.37 164.00 50 35 NIL DailyRajarhatGopalpur 1,72,000 92.00 338.51 87.00 95 27 All - Daily NILSouth Dum Dum 2,32,811 120.00 306.01 100.00 83 35 All - Daily NILTaki 37,302 7.8 209.10 2.00 26 16 NIL DailyTitagarh 1,14,085 60.00 483.10 50.00 83 23 06 - Daily 17 - Daily






TruckNo. of


for MSWdisposal


MSW disposalAshoknagar-Kalyangarh 20.00 11 04 02 NIL 02 2.33 Acres NIL

Baduria 20.00 04 06 NIL NIL NIL NIL N.A.Baranagar 140.00 NIL 170 8 04 04 N.A. NILBarasat 72.00 65 35 05 01 05 1.38 Acres NILBarrackpore 28.00 26 20 06 01 03 3 Acres NIL

Basirhat 18.00 NIL 24 03 NIL 03 1 Acres NILBhatpara 220.00 NIL 65 16 01 04 5.68 AcresBidhannagar 150.00 20 65 07 05 07 200 Acres NIL

Bongaon 20.42 35 12 02 NIL 02 NIl 2.08 AcresDum Dum 45.00 NIL 30 03 03 03Garulia 35.00 NIL 24 04 NIL 04 4 Acres 5 Acres

Gobardanga 5.00 07 NIL NIL NIL NIL NIL 12 Acres

Habra 45.00 25 NIL 02 NIL 02 3 Acres NILHalisahar 37.00 23 04 03 NIL 03 NIL 7.00 AcresKamarhati 278.32 NIL NIL 13 02 13 7 Acres NIL

Kanchrapara 60.00 12 20 26 01 9 4.00 Acres NIL

73





TruckNo. of


for MSWdisposal


MSW disposalKhardah 70.00 NIL 42 07 NIL 07 1.83 Acres NILMadhyamgram 65.00 48 23 03 NIL 03 4.37 Acres NILNaihati 80.00 12 07 03 03 3.3 Acres NILNewBarrackpore 14.00 25 30 07 01 07 5.00 Acres

NorthBarrackpore 40.00 NIL 55 05 02 05 NIL NIL

North DumDum 62.00 32 NIL 06 NIL 06 1.19 Acres 12.19 Acres

Panihati 329.00 40 45 29 01 12 1.34 Acres NILRajarhat-Gopalpur 92.00 81 NIL NIL 02 NIL NIL NILSouth DumDum 120.00 NIL NIL 02 02 02 NIL NIL

Taki 7.8 NIL 06 01 NIL 01 NIL 2 AcresTitagarh 60.00 30 20 06 01 06 2.5 Acres NIL




MunicipalHCU

Govt.HCU

Pvt.HCU

TotalBed




Ashoknagar-Kalyangarh 20 NIL 01 02 65 0.016 No separate collection or

disposal systemBaduria 03 NIL 01 NIL 60 0.015 No separate collection or

disposal system

Baranagar N.A. 01 02 11 330 0.083Through Common Bio-

medical waste treatmentfacility provided by

Medicare Incine (P) Ltd.Barasat 32 NIL 01 13 627 0.157 No separate collection or

disposal systemBarrackpore 30 NIL 03 10 509 0.127 No separate collection or

disposal systemBasirhat 19 01 01 05 249 0.062 No separate collection or

disposal systemBhatpara 10 01 01 07 182 0.046 No separate collection or

disposal system

Bidhannagar N.A. 01 02 12 668 0.167Through Common Bio-

medical waste treatmentfacility provided by

Medicare Incine (P) Ltd.Bongaon 13 NIL 01 05 315 0.079 No separate collection or

disposal systemDum Dum 30 01 NIL 06 173 0.043 No separate collection or

disposal systemGarulia 05 NIL NIL 03 12 0.003 No separate collection or

disposal system

74



MunicipalHCU

Govt.HCU

Pvt.HCU

TotalBed




Gobardanga 04 NIL 01 05 67 0.017 No separate collection ordisposal system

Habra 31 NIL 01 05 171 0.043 No separate collection ordisposal system

Halisahar NIL 05 NIL NIL 05 0.0013 No separate collection ordisposal system

Kamarhati 18 NIL 02 06 527 0.132 No separate collection ordisposal system

Kanchrapara 13 01 01 01 241 0.060 No separate collection ordisposal system

Khardah 10 NIL 01 02 111 0.028 No separate collection ordisposal system

Madhyamgram 03 01 01 03 128 0.032 Separate collectionsystem for BMW

Naihati 10 01 01 09 225 0.056 No separate collection ordisposal system

NewBarrackpore 08 NIL NIL 03 63 0.016 Separate collection

system for BMWNorthBarrackpore 03 NIL NIL 01 12 0.003 No separate collection or

disposal systemNorth Dum Dum 03 01 NIL 01 50 0.012 No separate collection or

disposal systemPanihati 06 01 01 07 289 0.072 No separate collection or

disposal system

RajarhatGopalpur 12 01 NIL 17 361 0.090

Partly covered byCommon Bio-medicalwaste treatment facilityprovided by Medicare

Incine (P) Ltd.South Dum Dum 35 01 01 18 318 0.079 No separate collection or

disposal systemTaki 03 01 01 01 61 0.015 No separate collection or

disposal systemTitagarh 02 01 NIL 03 205 0.051 No separate collection or

disposal system

75

District: SOUTH 24 PARGANAS

With urban fringe of the metropolitan city of Kolkata, the district South 24 Parganas also has theremote riverine villages in the Sundarbans area. Agriculture and pisciculture are well developedin the district. As in Census-2001 the total population of the district is 69,09,015. Alipore, asouthern suburb of Kolkata is the district-headquarter. This district has a portion of world famousmangrove delta and land of Royal Bengal Tiger, Sundarbans, formerly ‘Sunderbunds’, vast tractof forest and saltwater swamp forming the lower part of the Ganges Delta, extending about 160miles (260 km) along the Bay of Bengal from the Hooghly River Estuary (India) to the MeghnaRiver Estuary in Bangladesh. The name Sundarbans is perhaps derived from the term meaning"forest of Sundari," a reference to the large mangrove tree that provides valuable fuel.

76

Pujali

Municipal Bodies

South 24 Parganas district have 7 nos. municipal bodies, namely Joynagar-Majilpur, Maseshtala,Baruipur, Budge-Budge, Pujali, Rajpur-Sonarpur, Diamond Harbour altogether covers an area of141.69 sq. km. with total municipal population strength 9,40,453. They total produce per day195.69 MT of MSW excluding bio-medical wastes, generated by 57 nos. health care units (bedstrength 1,196) and 57 nos. clinics and pathological units. In Diamond Harbour Municipal areaone Microwave installed at D.H. Dist. Hospital by WBHSDP and it is using as a commontreatment facility for the health care units situated within this municipal area.


Name & Address ofthe Municipality

Phone/FAX No.

Populationin 1991

Populationin 2001



Municipalcategory

Baruipur MunicipalityPO. BaruipurDist. : 24 Parganas(S)

2433 8201FAX: 2433 0980 37,659 44,964 9.50 4,733 Class III

Budge BudgeMunicipality71, ZM. G. RoadP.O.: Budge - BudgeDist. : 24 Parganas(S)

2470 1224 / 1885

FAX: 2470 1540 72,951 75,465 9.06 8,329 Class II

Diamond HarbourMunicipalityP.O.: Diamond HarbourDist. : 24 Parganas(S)

9174 255 346 30,266 37,238 11.00 3,385 Class III

Joynagar – MajilpurMunicipalityP.O.: Joynagar -MajilpurDist. : 24 Parganas(S)

953218 220553FAX: 953218 221044 20,217 23,319 5.81 4,014 Class III

MaheshtalaMunicipalityP.O.: MaheshtalaDist. : 24 Parganas(S)

2490 2280 / 1651FAX: 2490 9296 3,08,000 3,89,214 43.00 9,051 Class I

Pujali MunicipalityP.O.: PurbaNischintapurDist. : 24 Parganas(S)

2482 2267 / 2480FAX : 2482 0252 30,000 33,863 8.32 4,070 Class III

Rajpur SonarpurMunicipalityP.O.: HarinaviDist. : 24 Parganas(S)

2477 9245FAX: 2477 7996 60,175 3,36,390 55.00 6,116 Class I

77



BodiesPopulation

in 2001

MSWGeneration /day

(in MT)

Per capitawaste

generation(gms/day)

MSWCollec

tion /day (in MT)

Collection

efficiency (%)

Totalno. of wards



collectionschedule)


collectionschedule)

Baruipur 44,964 10.00 222.40 8.50 85 17 NIL All-Daily

Budge Budge 75,465 25.00 331.28 5.00 20 20 2 - Daily 18 -DailyDiamondHarbour 37,238 10.00 268.54 6.00 60 16 NIL All – Alternate

DayJoynagar –Majilpur 23,319 4.90 210.13 1.00 20 14 NIL All-Daily

Maheshtala 3,89,214 81.69 209.88 NIL 00 35 NIL Not yet Started

Pujali 33,863 4.10 121.08 NIL 00 15 NIL Not yet Started

Rajpur Sonarpur 3,36,390 60.00 178.36 32.00 53 33 16 - Daily 17 -Daily






TruckNo. of


for MSWdisposal


MSW disposalBaruipur 10.00 20 NIL NIL 03 NIL 0.5 Acres 2.00 Acres

Budge - Budge 25.00 NIL NIL NIL 01 NIL 3.34 Acres NILDiamondHarbour 10.00 NIL 04 NIL 01 NIL 0.9 Acres NIL

Joynagar –Majilpur 4.90 03 10 02 NIL 01 0.29 Acres NIL

Maheshtala 81.69 N.A.

Pujali 4.10 Collection system yet to develop

Rajpur Sonarpur 60.00 30 55 02 NIL 02 2.67 Acres 12.75 Acres



No. ofClinic/P

athlabs.

MunicipalHCU

Govt.HCU

Pvt.HCU

TotalBed

Per day BMWgeneration in

MT (considering250gms/bed/day)


Baruipur 10 NIL NIL 11 116 0.029 No separate collection ordisposal system

Budge - Budge 04 NIL NIL 03 13 0.003 No separate collection ordisposal system

DiamondHarbour 16 NIL 01 11 210 0.053

Through Common Bio-medical waste treatment

facility (Microwave) at D.H.S.D. Hospital

Joynagar –Majilpur 10 01 NIL 08 60 0.015 No separate collection or

disposal system

Maheshtala NIL 01 01 05 361 0.090Partly covered by

CBMWTDF-Howrah providedby a Private Operator.

Pujali No Health care units are situated under the municipal jurisdiction. Therefore no Bio-medicalwaste generate here.

Rajpur Sonarpur 17 01 01 11 199 0.049Partly covered by

CBMWTDF-Howrah providedby a Private Operator.

78

CHAPTER IVCHAPTER IV

PRESENT SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENTPRESENT SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

PRACTICES IN WEST BENGALPRACTICES IN WEST BENGAL

4.1. Municipal Solid Waste Management4.1. Municipal Solid Waste Management

4.2. Bio-Medical Waste Management4.2. Bio-Medical Waste Management

79

4.1 Municipal Solid Waste Management

Generationa) There are 126 nos. municipal

authorities in the State of WestBengal. Among which 41 nos. arelocated within KMA area andremaining 85nos. are beyond KMAarea. The total solid wastesgeneration from 126 nos.municipalities is around 8,675 MTper day.

b) There are immense variations in percapita waste generation. Themunicipal authorities (mainly in non-KMA area) do not maintain properrecords of solid waste generation.As a consequence, the wastegeneration figures of thesemunicipal authorities was calculated@210gms per capita per day basis.In some big cities like Kolkata,Howrah, Siliguri etc. floatingpopulation is one of the factors formore waste generation.

c) The composition of MSW alsovaries from place to place. In KMAareas, a major portion of MSWcomprises of paper, plastics,packaging wastes, metal can, glass,batteries, building materials/construction wastes, etc. Whereas in non-KMA areas MSWmainly contains bio-degradable wastes like garden wastes, cow dung, straw etc.Composition of MSW also depends on the agricultural production and commercial activitiesof a particular area, e.g. a major portion of MSW generated by Dhulian Municipality ofMurshidabad district is Biri leaf (Kendu).

Total nos. of Municipal bodies in the State – 126 Nos.

Nos. of Municipal Corporation within KMA …. 3 Nos.Kolkata Municipal Corporation, KolkataHowrah Municipal Corporation, HowrahChandernagore Municipal Corporation, Hooghly

Nos. of Municipalities within KMA ……………..38 Nos.

Nos. of Municipal Corporation outside KMA…... 3 Nos.Durgapur Municipal Corporation, BarddhamanAsansol Municipal Corporation, BarddhamanSiliguri Municipal Corporation, Darjeeling

Nos. of Municipalities outside KMA ……………82 Nos. (including 2 nos. Notified Area Authority)

Note : KMA– Kolkata Metropolitan Area

Total Population :As on

Census 1991As on

Census 2001Rural 4,93,70,364 5,77,34,690

Urban 1,87,07,601 2,24,86,481Total 6,80,77,965 8,02,21,171

Total Population within 126 nos. municipal bodies

in 1991 in 20011,56,65,057 1,95,40,120

Total area covered by 126 nos. municipal bodies :2520.26 sq. km.

Average population density in municipal areas is 7753(person/sq.km.)

Total MSW generation in 126 nos. municipal areas : 8674.47 MT/day

Average per capita MSW generation in municipal areasis 360.4 gms./day (approx.)

80

Collection

a) The methodology adopted by the municipal authorities in the State for collection of MSW isnot scientific. Generally collection and storage of waste is not done at source. Though agood numbers of municipalities have taken initiatives for doorstep collection, but majority ofthem, particularly in non-KMA area, there is no system of collection of waste at doorstep. Inabsence of the doorstep collection, the waste is either thrown on the streets or disposed offin common waste collection bins available in the community., which is finally collectedthrough municipal collection system. In many places the bins are neither adequate in numbernor properly designed. Open sites or cement concrete bins, metal bins, etc. are used fortemporary bulk storage of wastes. This type of waste collection system is unhygienic andnecessitate multiple handling of wastes. Waste is more often seen outside the bins. In manyareas, roadside collection bins are not cleared regularly resulting in emanation of odour inthe adjacent area.

b) Collection of waste at doorstep is an integral part of efficient MSW management system.This collection system have been already implemented either fully or partly by somemunicipal authorities like Kolkata, New Barrackpore, North Dum Dum, Madhyamgram, SouthDum Dum, Barrackpore, Bidhannagar in North 24 Parganas District, Rishra, Bhadreswar,Chandernagore in Hooghly District, Howrah, Bally in Howrah District, Kalyani in Nadia,English Bazar in Maldah etc. In other municipal areas, mainly in non-KMA areas, the wastesare collected directly from roadside bins/demarked collection places. The bins are notcleared regularly; often cleared once or twice in a week. Due to the unplanned urbanizationin many municipal areas, the road width does not permit the entry of vehicle/tricycle to collectMSW. In such cases, handcart or one wheel trolley is used.

c) Street sweeping is one of the method of primary collection of wastes. But in most municipalareas, it is not done regularly. Several streets are not swept at all.

d) In cities like Kolkata having population more than 4.5 million and Howrah with populationabove 1 million, the municipal workers are facing problems in house to house wastecollection in some places because of congested roads/lanes particularly in the slum areas.

e) Waste handling is done manually and the present system of loading/unloading of wastes islabour intensive and also time consuming.

f) As per available information/data, it has been observed that out of 126 nos. municipalauthorities, 33 nos. Municipal Authorities have achieved more than 90% collection of MSW,50 nos. have achieved more than 50% and remaining have very poor collection efficiencies.

81

Transportation

a) The wastes are mostly collected by the municipal workers from the roadside bins/vats andcarried away to the place of final disposal by either tractor-trailer or trucks. In certain cases,there are arrangements of collection of garbage from the bins located in the narrow streets inwheel barrows. Later on these collected wastes are disposed in a larger bin on the main roadfrom where the trucks collect the same. In most of the cases, the transportation fleet doesnot synchronize with the types of dustbins provided.

b) Except KMC, refuse collector, dumper placers are rarely used for solid waste transportationin West Bengal. Transportation of waste is done mainly through tractor-trailers or opentrucks. In most cases, the transport vehicles are loaded manually. The frequency ofcollection of wastes and the number of transport vehicles are inadequate. Most of thevehicles are old and needs replacement.

c) It was observed by the project team that except a few municipal areas, in most cases theMSW is transported in vehicles without any cover over the wastes. This results in scatteringand littering of wastes on the roads and causing nuisance to the environment.

Roadside collection in tricycle van at Bankura Municipal area

82

Disposal

a) It has been observed by the project team during their field survey that most of themunicipalities, particularly within non-KMA area, have no earmarked waste dumping ground.The common practice is indiscriminate dumping in and around the roadside, low-lying lands,ditch etc. In some areas, a few slums or small houses were found in close proximity to thedisposal ground. Due to rapid urbanization, availability of waste disposal land in the KMAarea and in urban areas is a major issue. The growth of the towns also poses problems forprolong use of the existing disposal sites. Mechanical composting has been rarely used bythe civic authorities so far. The scientific landfills are not being practiced anywhere.

b) Most of the municipalities do not have proper planning for effective utilization of theirdumping ground. Apart from the identified disposal sites, the municipal authorities alsodispose the MSW indiscriminately in many places. Since in most cases, there is no systemfor compaction, the un-compacted wastes fill the disposal site soon. As a result the disposalsites are not utilized to its full capacity. Unscientific and indiscriminate disposal of MSWgenerates foul smell and acts as a breeding ground for flies, rodents and pests. During rainyseason the run off from the dump sites may pollute nearby surface water and low lands andspreads water born disease like diarrhoea, cholera, plague etc.

Present MSW Management status in the State

Due to financial constrains and other infrastructure problems, solid waste management issuedoes not get the desired priority in Municipal Bodies. Out of 126 nos. municipal bodies, a fewauthorities have taken some initiatives for MSW management. Some such initiatives have beendiscussed below :

Workers engaged in unloading the MSW from trailer at the MSW dumpsite in Bankura Municipality

83

a. Model Facility for MSW Management at North Dum Dum Municipality and New BarrackporeMunicipality :It is a Model Project on Management of Municipal Solid Waste for New Barrackpore andNorth Dum Dum Municipalities with financial support from CPCB and KMDA on 50:50 costsharing basis. The land area of 11.1 acres, situated in mouza Fatullapur (J.L.No.3) PS. Nimta, Dist. 24 Parganas (N) within North Dum Dum Municipal area, will be utilized fordeveloping landfill facility and compost plant. Bamboo fencing has been completed for thelandfill site of area 6.1 acres by the North Dum Dum Municipality. The KMDA engaged theNational Productivity Council (NPC) and Karnataka Compost Development Corporation(KCDC) to prepare the Project Report of the engineered Landfill Site and Compost Plant(Vermi Composting) respectively. The tools and equipments viz. containerized tricycle vans,intermediate storage containers (Capacity 3.5m3 and 4.5m3), tractor with hydraulic liftingdevices, are being utilized by both the municipalities. The containerized tricycle vans arebeing used by both the municipalities for collection of municipal solid wastes at doorstepthrough private agency against charges @ Rs.10/- per household per month. All the tools &equipments for the collection, storage & transportation of the municipal solid wastes havebeen procured. Both the municipalities have arranged a number of awareness programmesinvolving Ward Committee, Bazar Committee, local clubs, NGOs, Social workers, Schoolchildren etc. The Second Phase of the project i.e. development of the Compost Plant andLandfill Facility will start after getting clearance from the Airport Authority.

This type of metal containers are now used for MSW carrying under the Model Facility Project in North Dum Dum and New Barrackpore municipal areas

Under the model project this type ofcontainerized tricycle vans are now usedfor doorstep collection of MSW in NorthDum Dum and New Barrackporemunicipal areas

84

b. Solid waste management in Kolkata Municipal Corporation :

The KMC is one of the oldest (established in 1726) and largest municipal body in WestBengal with a total population of 45,80,544 (as per Census 2001) with 141 wards and coversa total area of 187.33 sq. km. Total solid waste handled by the KMC is near about 2700MT/day. As a State capital, a large number of people come here every day from other placesand so flying or occasional population adds a considerable amount of solid waste every day.The KMC has already introduced doorstep collection system for household wastes in most ofthe wards and simultaneously practice collection of the wastes from roadside vats or frommarket, commercial offices/institutions and disposes the same in the final dumping groundcommonly known as Dhapa dumping ground. By engaging private agencies, some wastesare processed for composting (windrows composting) and producing organic manure. Asthe existing dumping ground is about to exhaust within a year or two, the KMC Authority hasalready identified a site (Dhapa II) for development of engineered landfill facility underKolkata Environment Improvement Project (KEIP) funded by the ADB.

Rag pickers are busy to collect recyclable materials from fresh garbage at Dhapa (MSW dumping ground of KMC)

Old waste dump at Dhapa

Decomposed wastes are collected to manure processing plant at Dhapa

85

86

c. Solid waste management in Bhadreswar Municipality

The Bhadreswar Municipality with the help of KMDA has developed a Compost Plant (VermiComposting) and a site has been identified for the development of landfill facility. Themunicipality has started collection of segregated MSW from houses against charges in 20nos. wards by using containerized tricycle vans. The specially designed van carrying 2different coloured plastic buckets (picture below), one for biodegradable wastes and anotherfor non-biodegradable wastes. The segregated wastes are stored at secondary transferbin/containers (the green covered container in picture below) and finally it is carried to thecompost plant or landfill site. The municipality has also set up a bio-gas plant (Gobar Gas)and the bio-gas generated is utilized in the crematorium; the residue of the bio-gas Plantbeing used as organic manure.

Vermi-composting in the Bhadreswar Municipality

Specially designed MSW collection vehicle in the Bhadreswar Municipality

87

d. Solid waste management in Kalyani Municipality

Kalyani Municipality has started doorstep collection for wastes in all the wards againstcharges. After segregation, the bio-degradable wastes are carried to their compost plant forproducing organic manure. Specially designed covered trailer (as shown in picture below) isbeing used for transportation of MSW. The municipality has tied up with the nurseries to usethe organic manure from the compost plant.

e. Solid waste management in Kanchrapara Municipality

Kanchrapara Municipality with 24 wards has started a pilot project for solid wastemanagement in two wards and gradually spreading in other wards in phased manner.Presently, they have started doorstep collection from 15 nos. wards and for remaining wardssolid waste are collected from roadside bins every day or every alternate day. From thecollected wastes, the bio-degradable wastes are transported to Compost Plant to makecompost organic manure through micro-bio technology. It is proposed that the technology isbeing used on a trial basis to produce about 1 ton manure per month. Finally, it will beimplemented as a full-fledged project for MSW management in the total municipal area.

f. The Panihati Municipality has also started civil work for the development of compost plant(Vermi Compost) and also started house to house collection.

g. The Maheshtala Municipality has also identified land of area 17 acres for composting andlandfill. The KMDA has prepared the DPR for the collection, transportation, treatment (VermiComposting) and disposal of MSW.

Covered Trailer for transportation of MSW being used at Kalyani Municipality

88

h. The Detailed Project Report of Chandernagore Municipal Corporation has been prepared byKMDA for Compost Plant (Vermi Compost) & engineered landfill. The land, about 5.34 acres,has been identified for the implementation of the municipal solid waste management plan.The door-to-door collection of municipal solid wastes including segregation of biodegradable& non-biodegradable wastes has started in most of the wards.

i. The Japan Bank of International Cooperation (JBIC) has entrusted M/s. Japan EnvironmentalConsultants Ltd. to carry out pre-feasibility study for the integrated solid waste managementplan of 6 nos. municipalities namely Serampore, Rishra, Konnagar, Uttarpara-Kotrang,Baidyabati and Champdani Municipality in Hooghly District. 51 acres of land at Dirghangi,District-Hooghly has also been identified and it is under process for acquisition. The JBIChas submitted the pre-feasibility report to the KMDA.

j. In Sriniketan Santiniketan Development Authority (SSDA) area: Mr. P. U. Asnani, Consultant,USAEP has prepared a Preliminary Project Report on municipal solid waste for the entireplanning areas of the SSDA. The State Board conducted a series of meetings with theSSDA, Bolpur Municipality and Visva Bharati, to impress upon them for the implementationof the Municipal Solid Waste Management Plan. According to the project report prepared byMr. P.U. Asnani for disposal of the municipal solid waste, SSDA identified 5 acres of land.

k. In Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority (SJDA) area: The Detailed Project Report ofMSW management for Siliguri Municipal Corporation has been prepared by SJDA. About37.26 acres of land has been identified for setting up of waste processing and landfill facility.The land is located at Muoza- Binnaguri near Sahudangi under P.S -Rajganj, Dist Jalpaiguri.The SJDA invited a tender for the development of Compost Plant & Landfill Facility. TheWest Bengal Pollution Control Board committed to provide a fund of Rs. 25 Lakhs for thedevelopment of Landfill Facility and already released Rs. 10 lakhs as 1st installment.

l. In Haldia Development Authority (HDA) area: The Haldia Development Authority and M/s.Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd. have formed a joint Venture Company in the name of M/s.West Bengal Waste Management Limited. This Company will develop an integrated WasteManagement Complex on Build, Own, Operate and Transfer (BOOT) basis for the hazardouswastes of the entire State, municipal solid wastes and biomedical wastes for the HaldiaMunicipality and other adjacent municipalities. The site of area 70 acres for the integratedfacility is situated at Mouza Purba Srikrishnapur, P.S Sutahata, Dist- Purba Midnapore.

89

4.2 Bio-medical Waste Management

Most of the health care units in different municipal areas do not have a proper BMWmanagement system. Mixing of general and infectious waste, to more or less extent hasbeen a common feature for these health care units. Since, segregation of different categoriesof waste at source is most important in BMW management, the problem deserves utmostattention. In case of mutilation and decontamination of waste sharp there is lack ofawareness, motivation, responsibilities, availability of needle cutters, bleach solution etc.

In most of the Govt. hospitals, the condition of the common collection points (temporarystorage) are very acute. There are construction defects like lack of shades or wire mesh,proper drainage system, lock and key arrangement etc. Sometimes they are overfilled withgarbage that spills over.

It has been found in many places that the burial pits are not constructed as per thespecification and have no fencing around them; thereby providing free access to scavengers.In some cases the municipalities do not provide a dedicated transport to haul the biomedicalwaste as a result the burial pits remain unused since its construction.

Campus pits for BMW disposal in Raghunathpur Sub-Div. Hospital in Purulia District

Condition of common storage vat in some of the Govt. Hospitals and their using scenario. Photograph taken during survey in Kandi Sub-Div. Hospital, Dist. Murshidabad.

90

Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility (CBMWTDF) in West Bengal

Two Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facilities (CBMWTDF) are operatingat Belgachia in Howrah District and at Kalyani in Nadia District. Both the facilities provideservice for collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of bio medical wastes (BMW). Thefacilities are now covering most of the health care units including pathological laboratories,clinics etc. situated in Kolkata, Howrah, 24 Parganas(N), 24 Parganas(S), Hooghly, Nadia andMurshidabad districts. These CBMWTDFs have been set up by M/s. Medicare Incin Pvt. Ltd., asister concern of M/s. Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd., Hyderabad. The Howrah facility came intooperation since November 2003 and the Kalyani facility started operation in September 2005.They collect the untreated BMW from individual health care units and treat them in their facility.Both the facility has a double-chambered incinerator (Primary Chamber and Secondary

Chamber, maintaining temperature 800 50 0C and 1050 50 0C respectively) with automaticfeeding system & full fledged pollution control system (venturi scrubber) and autoclave withshredder.

Autoclave

Autoclave with automatic feeding

system

Standby Autoclave

Two chambered Waste Incinerator

Air pollution control system

Conveyor

91

Collection and Transportation System : For collection and transportion of BMW from thedifferent health care units situated in Districts, a number of vehicles of TATA 407 type andAuto Vans are used.

During collection of the BMW, the operator is maintaining the manifest system. As per theguideline of the operator, after segregation of the BMW at source, the incinerable wastes(anatomical wastes) are to be kept in yellow coloured bags whereas the non-incinerablewastes (non-anatomical wastes) are to be kept in blue coloured bags. All these plastic bagshave bio-hazard symbol printed on them. The operator also supplies these bags againstfixed charges. The sharps & needles are to be kept in puncture proof plastic containers.

Service Cost of the Facility : Before joining the facility, the Private operator of the saidfacility makes an agreement with the individual healthcare units to negotiate the terms andconditions. But instead of individual agreement, the Health Department, Govt. of W.B. madean agreement with the private operator on behalf of 31nos. State Govt. Hospitals and otherBlood Banks situated within KMC.

At present Rs. 2.70/- per bed per day is being charged from the private Nursing Homes andHospitals, whereas Rs. 2.45/- per bed per day is being charged from the State Govt.Hospitals as service charges for collection, transportation, and treatment of the BMW. The

Special Dedicated Transport Vehicles (TATA 407) for BMW carrying

92

reduction of the rate in the case of Govt. units is due to the less production of the BMW perbed per day compared to its private counterpart. The Service charges rendering for thepathological laboratories / clinics depends upon the waste generated, type of pathologicaltests etc. and it ranges from minimum of Rs. 500/- per month to a maximum of Rs. 1500/-per month.

The service charge of the facility @ Rs. 2.70/- per bed per day was vetted by a committeecomprising of the members of WBPCB, Health Deptt. Govt. of W.B., and KMC.

Upcoming Common Bio-Medical Wastes Treatment and Disposal Facilities by PrivateOperator

1. At Haldia, Purba Medinipur : The facility is being developed by M/s West Bengal WasteManagement Ltd. (capacity 10,000 beds/day) for the health care units in Purba Medinipur& Paschim Medinipur districts and also the health care units situated in the adjacentdistricts. It is being set up as part of the Integrated Waste Treatment, Storage andDisposal Facility already developed for hazardous wastes at Haldia. One autoclave hasbeen already installed. The facility is expected to start operation from August 2006.

2. At Asansol, Burdwan : The facility is being developed by M/s Medicare Incin Pvt. Ltd. withcapacity to treat BMW from 30,000 beds/day. Asansol-Durgapur Development Authority[ADDA] has provided a lease land of area 2 acres. The construction work has alreadystared and it is expected to start operation from December 2006.

Common Bio-Medical Wastes Treatment and Disposal Facilities by Govt.

a. Under the West Bengal Health Systems Development Project of the Health & Family WelfareDepartment Govt. of W.B., an autoclave of capacity 80 kg/day installed at J.N.M. Hospital,Kalyani in August 2002, for the treatment of non-anatomical wastes of J.N.M. Hospital alongwith a deep burial pit constructed by the Kalyani Municipality at the MSW dumping ground fordisposal of anatomical wastes of J.N.M. Hospital. The said facility was later opened by theState Govt. for the other health care units within the Kalyani Municipality and this is nowoperating as Common Treatment Facility (CTF) for all health care units within the KalyaniMunicipality.

93

Kalyani Municipality itself is acting as operator for collection and transportation of segregated& untreated BMW against charge of Rs. 10/- per bed/month from the Hospital & nursinghomes including pathological clinics. After collection of the bio-medical wastes, the non-anatomical portion goes to the autoclave unit for treatment & the anatomical portion isdisposed off to the deep burial pit at MSW dumping ground. After treatment by autoclave, thetreated non-anatomical wastes are disposed off to MSW dumping site of the Municipality.

At present Rs. 2.83/- per bed per day is being charged for the hospital and nursing homes.The treatment cost for BMW from clinics and pathological laboratories is charged @ Rs.500/- per month.

b. Under the West Bengal Health systems development project (WBHSDP) of the Health &Family Welfare Department, Govt. of W.B., a microwave of capacity 22 kg/day was installedat Diamond Harbour Sub-Division Hospital in January 2002 for the treatment of non-anatomical wastes of Diamond Harbour Sub-Division Hospital and a deep burial pitconstructed by the Diamond Harbour Municipality at the PWD stack yard, Gouripur for thedisposal of anatomical wastes of Diamond Harbour Sub-Division Hospital. Later on, throughjoint endeavour by the Health & Family Welfare Dept. Govt. of W.B., West Bengal PollutionControl Board and Diamond Harbour Municipality, the said microwave & deep burial pit werestarted to utilize as Common Treatment Facility (CTF) for all health care units within theDiamond Harbour Municipality including Diamond Harbour Sub-Division Hospital.

A private agency is engaged by the Diamond Harbour Municipality for collection andtransportation of segregated & untreated bio-medical wastes from the Hospital & nursinghomes including pathological clinics within the Municipality against charges. After collectionof the bio-medical wastes, the non-anatomical portion is sent to the CTF (microwave) fortreatment & the anatomical portion is disposed off to the deep burial pit. After treatment bymicrowave, the treated non-anatomical wastes are disposed off to the municipal solid wastes(MSW) dumping site of Diamond Harbour Municipality.

At present Rs. 5.00/- per bed per day is being charged for the hospital and nursing homes.The treatment cost is charged for the pathological laboratories / clinics @ Rs. 700/- permonth, for X-Ray units @ Rs. 400/- per month & for pathological laboratories / clinics with X-Ray units @ Rs. 800/- per month.

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More 13 nos. Autoclaves (like J.N.M. Hospital, Nadia) and 1 no. Microwave (like DiamondHarbour Sub-divisional Hospital) have installed under WBHSDP at 14 nos. big State Govt.Hospitals in different districts.

Sl. Municipal area Treatment facility Disposal FacilityBankura :1. Bankura Autoclave at Bankura Medical College

& HospitalBardhaman :2. Durgapur Proposal for a CBMWTDF (will be

developed by Private Operator)Deep Burial Pit at Durgapur S. D. Hosp.

3. Asansol Deep Burial Pit at Asansol L.M. Hospital(S.D. Hospital)

4. Bardhaman Autoclave at Bardhaman MedicalCollege & Hospital

Deep Burial Pit at Bardhaman MedicalCollege & Hospital

5. Kalna Deep Burial Pit at Kalna S.D. Hospital6. Katwa Deep Burial Pit at Katwa S.D. HospitalBirbhum : 7. Rampurhat Campus Pit at Rampurhat S.D. Hospital8. Bolpur Campus Pit at Bolpur S.D. Hospital9. Suri Autoclave at Suri Sadar Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Suri Sadar HospitalCoochbehar : 10. Mathabhanga Deep Burial Pit at Mathabhanga S.D.

Hospital11. Mekhliganj Deep Burial Pit at Mekhliganj S.D.

Hospital12. Tufanganj Deep Burial Pit at Tufanganj S.D. Hospital13. Coochbehar Autoclave at M.J.N. Hospital (Dist.

Hospital)Deep Burial Pit at M.J.N. Hospital (Dist.

Hospital)Darjeling :14. Siliguri Autoclave at Siliguri S.D. Hospital and

also a proposal for CBMWTDF byprivate operator

15. Darjeeling Deep Burial Pit at Darjeeling Dist. Hospital16. Kurseong Deep Burial Pit at Kurseong S.D. HospitalUttar Dinajpur : 17. Raiganj Deep Burial Pit at Raiganj Dist. Hospital18. Islampur Campus Pit at Islampur S.D. HospitalHooghly :19. Hooghly-Chinsurah Autoclave at Hooghly Dist. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Hooghly Dist. Hospital20. Serampore Deep Burial Pit at Serampore S.D.

Hospital21. Uttarpara-Kotrang Deep Burial Pit at Uttarpara State General

HospitalHowrah :22. Uluberia Deep Burial Pit at Uluberia S.D. Hospital23. Bally Deep Burial Pit in Bally Municipality and

Liliah T.L.J. Hospital24. Howrah Dist.

HospitalAutoclave at Howrah Dist. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Howrah Dist. Hospital

and South Howrah S.G. HospitalJalpaiguri :25. Jalpaiguri Autoclave at Jalpaiguri Dist. HospitalMalda :26. English Bazar Autoclave at Malda Dist. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Malda Dist. HospitalMedinipur (West):27. Medinipur Microwave at Medinipur Dist. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Medinipur Dist. HospitalMedinipur (East):28. Haldia Proposal for common facility by private

operatorDeep Burial Pit at Haldia S.D. Hospital

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Sl. Municipal area Treatment facility Disposal FacilityMursidabad :29. Berhampore Autoclave at Mursidabad Dist. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Mursidabad Dist.

Hospital30. Kandi Deep Burial Pit at Kandi S.D. Hospital31. Murshidabad Deep Burial Pit at Lalbagh S.D. HospitalNadia :32. Ranaghat Deep Burial Pit at Ranaghat S.D. Hospital33. Santipur Deep Burial Pit at Santipur State General

Hospital34. Nabadwip Deep Burial Pit at Nabadwip State

General Hospital35. Chakdaha Deep Burial Pit at Chakdaha State

General Hospital36. Kalyani Autoclave at J.N.M. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at J.N.M. Hospital37. Krishnanagar Autoclave at Nadia Dist. Hospital Deep Burial Pit at Nadia Dist. HospitalPurulia :38. Raghunathpur Campus Pit at Raghunathpur State

General Hospital39. Purulia Autoclave at Purulia Deben Mahato

Hospital (District Hospital)Deep Burial Pit at Purulia Deben Mahato

Hospital (District Hospital)South 24 Parganas :40. Diamond Harbour Microwave at Diamond Harbour S.D.

HospitalDeep Burial Pit at Diamond Harbour S.D.

HospitalNorth 24 Parganas :41. Barasat Autoclave at Dist. Hospital Barasat Deep Burial Pit at Barasat Municipal

Dump site42. Bongaon Deep Burial Pit at Dr. Jiban Ratan Dhar

SD Hospital43. Basirhat Deep Burial Pit at Basirhat S.D. Hospital44. Barrackpore Deep Burial Pit at B.N. Bose S.D. Hospital45. Habra Deep Burial Pit at Habra State General

Hospital46. Naihati Deep Burial Pit at Naihati State General

Hospital47. Baranagar Deep Burial Pit at Baranagar State

General Hospital48. Ashoknagar Deep Burial Pit at Ashoknagar S.G.

Hospital

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CHAPTER VCHAPTER V

Conclusion and Recommendations Conclusion and Recommendations

5.1 Municipal Solid Waste Management 5.1 Municipal Solid Waste Management

5.2 Bio-Medical Waste Management 5.2 Bio-Medical Waste Management

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5.1 Municipal Solid Waste Management

The inventorisation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in West Bengal was carried out toreview the existing system of storage, collection, transportation and disposal of MSW and toidentify the paucities in this management system. The inventorisation involved theparticipation of different Municipal Authorities of the State to get relevant informationregarding the same, so that a proper implementation programme can be framed for thecoherent & even operation of the MSW management in West Bengal. Based on the findingsof the study, the following propositions are made for proper and scientific disposal of theMSW.

Except a few municipalities, the segregation and collection of MSW are not carried out atsource which leads to unhygienic littering & indiscriminate disposal of solid waste. Tocontrol the above situation, the source segregation and door-to-door collection system forboth biodegradable & non-biodegradable solid waste has to be introduced. This alsoneeds the development and upgradation of a database regarding MSW characteristicsand generation. Initiatives should also be taken for use of appropriate equipments forcollection, transport and disposal of MSW with the adoption of an appropriate wastedisposal and processing methodology viz composting, community vermi-composting, etc.for the same. The local bodies other than municipalities viz. Panchayat, NotifiedAuthorities, etc. should also take initiative to formulate appropriate waste managementfacilities within their jurisdiction and assisting them in their efforts would be consideredanother optimistic step in this implementation process.

An effective management of MSW relies much on community participation along with theprovision of improved amenities and service conditions for formal and informal sectorworkers. The workforce and the supervisory staff should be exposed and well versed withthe modern methods of waste management through trainings, seminars and field visits.Stakeholders should also be made aware of the genuine issues regarding wastemanagement.

In order to combat the dearth of a national level policy and inadequate resources,initiatives should be taken in the formulation of a national policy on SWM along with thefixation of a rational tariff followed by the imposition of SWM tax to meet city cleaningcosts.

98

The provisions for protective gears and their mandatory use should be initiated along witha comprehensive health insurance scheme for MSW management workers to providesafe and hygienic conditions at workplace.

In response to dearth of public awareness and political will, awareness campaigns, groupmeetings should be held with the help from NGO’s, school children, social workers etc.

It can be stated as a general recommendation that the above initiatives have beenimplemented either fully or partly by some Municipal Authorities and needs to be extended toother municipal areas as well. The Financial Institution Reforms and Expansion (Debt)Project (FIRE-D) of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) isproviding support to the Government of West Bengal for making the West Bengal SolidWaste Management Mission (WBSWMM) operational, and developing projects in Asansol,Durgapur and Siliguri. The IDFC team for the project has identified two sites and it wassuggested that “regional landfill sites” for shared disposal of MSW between a number of localbodies integrated with collection and transportation projects, should be considered aspossible solutions. The IDFC team has also proposed the setting up of a central fund to bemanaged by the WBSWMM in order to provide grant/subsidies upfront to the project.

5.2 Bio-medical Waste Management

The inventorisation of the health care units in West Bengal as per the provisions ofBiomedical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998 led to the revelation of somesignificant observations with respect to the collection, storage, transportation, treatment anddisposal of biomedical waste.

Segregation of BMW of different categories at source is an integral part of an efficient wastemanagement. But the general feature of BMW management in West Bengal particularly inrural areas has been the intermingling of this waste with MSW to some extent or the other. Insome cases the transportation vehicles do not follow the specifications provided in the aboverule. With respect to treatment and disposal there remains a dearth of knowledge in part ofthe workers. In places, the burial pit are not constructed as per specification resulting intothem turning as breeding ground for rodent, flies etc. The temporary storage areas of BMWsuffer from negligence, erroneous site selection and constructional defects. Some remain

99

non-functional due to the want of proper facilities to dispose off the waste while other sufferfrom lack of transport to haul the biomedical waste. Notwithstanding, there remains alikelihood of spillage of BMW if the storage sites are not cleared on a day-to-day basis.

With respect to the above scenario, steps are being taken to improve the present system ofBMW management in the state. Two Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment and DisposalFacilities (CBMWTDF) are operating at Belgachia and Kalyani. Both the facilitiesmaneuvered by Private Operators, provide service for collection, transportation, treatmentand disposal of BMW in lieu of a service cost. These facilities are now covering large numberof health care units situated in different districts. An affirmative step is also taken in part fromM/s West Bengal Management Ltd and M/s Medicare Incin Pvt. Ltd to set up a CBMWTDF inHaldia & Durgapur, which will be made functional very soon. Under the West Bengal HealthSystem Development Project (WBHSDP) about 14 nos. Autoclaves and 2 nos. Microwaveshave been installed at 14nos State Government Hospitals in different districts. The wasteautoclave installed at J.N.M. Hospital at Kalyani and the microwave installed in DiamondHarbour Sub-divisional Hospital is now operating as a common facility for the health careunits situated within the respective municipal areas. For a myriad number of primary healthcare units, rural hospitals operating in different districts, there is a need for the developmentof a common collection centers/ transfer stations to handle the waste generated from theabove units. These transfer stations would be functional for a group of rural health care unitsoperating in a given area. This resolves the problem of waste generated by the rural healthcare units, which could not be accessed on a day-to-day basis because of these units beingsituated in remote areas and operating in small capacities.

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Districts of West Bengal and MSW generation

N

Map not to scale

JALPAIGURI 73.66

DARJEELING 222.93

North Dinajpur

70.57

MALDAH 47.10

BIRBHUM 150.27

MURSHIDABAD 159.55

NADIA 200.91 BARDHAMAN

635.40 BANKURA

85.13

WEST MIDNAPORE

214.31

EAST MIDNAPORE

98.30

South Dinajpur

65.24

COACH BEHAR

72.67

Sundarban areas

PURULIA 23.40

SOUTH 24 PARGANAS

195.69

HOOGHLY 510.80

HOWRAH 1015.00

KOLKATA 2700.00

NORTH 24 PARGANAS

2133.54

5

4

6 4

2 2

7

6

10

11 3

3 27

8

5

12

3 1

7

Total no. of Municipal bodies within the District

Numbers in gray shade

indicates the total quantity of MSW generates per day in respective municipal areas (in MT)

State capital Major Cities

Asansol

Durgapur

Howrah

Siliguri

Bolpur / Santiniketan

Haldia

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Abbreviations used

BMW : Bio Medical Waste

BMWM : Bio Medical Waste Management

BOOT : Build Own Operate and Transfer

CBMWTDF: Common Bio-Medical Waste Treatment and Disposal Facility

CPCB : Central Pollution Control Board

HDA : Haldia Development Authority

HMC : Howrah Municipal Corporation

IPP : Indian Population Project

JBIC : Japan Bank of International Cooperation

KCDC : Karnataka Compost Development Corporation

KEIP : Kolkata Environment Improvement Project

KMA : Kolkata Metropolitan Area

KMC : Kolkata Municipal Corporation

KMDA : Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority

KUSP : Kolkata Urban Services for the Poor

MSW : Municipal Solid Waste

MSWM : Municipal Solid Waste Management

NEERI : National Environmental Engineering Research Institute

NGO : Non-Government Organization

NPC : National Productivity Council

PPP : Public Private Partnership

SJDA : Siliguri Jalpaiguri Development Authority

SSDA : Sriniketan-Santiniketan Development Authority

SWM : Solid Waste Management

TPD : Tone Per Day

USAEP : United States Asia Environmental Partnership

USAED : United States Agency for International Development

WBHSDP : West Bengal Health System Development Project

WBPCB : West Bengal Pollution Control Board

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References

Santra, S. C. (2004). Environmental Science, New Central Book Agency(P) Ltd.

Chatterjee, A. K., 2001, Water Supply and Waste Disposal and environmental engineering,Khanna Publishers.

Bhatia, S. C., 2001, Environmental pollution control in chemical process industries, KhannaPublishers.

Report (2004), Municipal Solid Waste Management in Asia, Asian institute of Technology,Thailand.

Project Report (2003), Revised

List of the websites searched for reference :

http://www.wb.nic.inhttp://edugreen.teri.res.inhttp://www.calcuttaweb.comwww.compost.org/compostfaq.html

mcgm.gov.inwww.vigyanprasar.comwww.webindia123.comwww.bengalonthenet.com

103

Annexure- ISample Questionnaire format for inventorisation

West Bengal Pollution Control Board(Department of Environment, Govt. of West Bengal)

Paribesh Bhawan, Bldg. No. 10 A, Block-LA, Sector III,

Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 098Phone: 033-2335-9088/7428/6731, FAX : 091-033-2335-6730Website : www.wbpcb.gov.in e-mail : [email protected]

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Date: ……………Format for the inventorisation of Municipal Solid Wastes in West Bengal as per Municipal

Solid Waste [Management & Handling] Rules, 2000

1. Name of Municipal body & address ::

Name of the Chairman ::

Phone : Fax : e-mail (if any):

2. Population as on 1991/2001 census ::

3. Total no. of wards :: Total Area (in Sq. km.) ::

MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES (MSW) MANAGEMENT4. Name of In-charge dealing with municipal solid

waste with Contact phone No::

5. Total quantity of wastes generated per day ::

6. Total quantity of wastes collected per day ::

7. Manpower for MSWManagement.

Supervisory staff :Safai Karmachari :

Drivers & others :

Permanent Temporary Casual

Total :

I. Existing Collection & Storage Systemfor MSW

No. of Ward covered Collection Schedule (Daily / Every alternate day

/ Weekly)a. i) House to House collection system ::

ii) Other Method for collecting MSW ::

b. Is any private agency engaged forcollection of MSW ::

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c. MSW Transit Storage facility Nos. CapacityRCC Bins ::Trolleys ::Containers ::Dumper Placers ::

Others, if any. ::

II. MSW Transportation Facility Nos. No. of Trips/daya. Trucks ::b. Trucks-Tipper ::c. Tractor-Trailer ::d. Refuse collector ::e. Dumper placers ::f. Animal cart ::g. Tricycle ::h. Hand carts ::i. Secondary transfer point ::j. Others (please specify) ::

III. MSW Disposal Facilities

Sitepossessed byMunicipality

Yes / No

No. ofsites

Details ofsites

(Plot No./Mouza)

Area

a. Existing disposal site ::

Sites for indiscriminate dumping of MSW ::

b. New site identified for MSW disposal ::

IV. Disposal by land fillinga. No. of landfill sites exist ::b. Area ::c. Method of land filling

(ordinary/Engineered land filling)::

e. Whether weigh bridge facilities available, ifyes please indicate the numbers

:: ( Yes / No )

f. Whether area is fenced :: ( Yes / No )g. Whether equipment like bulldozer,

compactors etc. available, if yes pleaseindicate the no. of equipments.

::( Yes / No )

h. Total manpower available at landfill site::

V. Quantity of wastes processed (in MT)a. Composting ::b. Vermiculture ::c. Pellets ::d. Recycling ::e. Others, if any, please specify like

Incineration / Pyrolysis / Gasification::

VI. Are any efforts made to call for privateagency/firms etc. to attempt for processingfor waste utilizing technologies ?

:

105

BIO MEDICAL WASTE (BMW) MANAGEMENT

I. No. of Medical UnitsCategory of Medical Unit No. of Unit Total No. of Bed

a) Hospital under control of Corporation / Municipality b) Govt. Hospital under jurisdiction of Corporation / Municipality c) Private Nursing Home / Health Care Centre / Hospital etc.d) Pathological Centre, X-ray Clinic etc. e) Blood Bank

II. Disposal facility of Bio-Medical Waste

(i) Methods followed for disposal of Bio-medical waste :

(ii) Is there any proposal for setting up of common treatment facility for disposal of bio-medical waste?

(iii) No of Burial pits at the municipal solid waste disposal site :

INDUSTRIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

(i) No of industries located within the Municipal area :

(ii) Whether disposal of industrial waste mixed up with municipal solid waste?

MISCELLANEOUS

(i) Whether any Detail Project Report has been prepared for the MSW management as perMunicipal Solid Waste Rules ?

(ii) Proposed project cost excluding land :

(iii) Land cost :

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West Bengal Pollution Control Board (Department of Environment, Govt. of West Bengal)

Paribesh Bhawan, Bldg. No. 10 A, Block-LA, Sector III,

Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 098Phone: 033-2335-9088/7428/6731, FAX : 0091-033-2335-6730Website : www.wbpcb.gov.in e-mail :[email protected]

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Date: ……………Format for the inventorisation of bio-medical wastes in West Bengal as per Bio-Medical

Waste [Management & Handling] Rules, 1998

1. Name of the Unit :

Address

Contact Phone No. : Fax : e-mail (if any):

2. Category of the Unit (please mark ) : a) [ Govt. / Municipal / Pvt.]

and b) [ Hos. / Nurs. / Maternity ]

3. Contact Person (With Designation) :

4. Under the Municipal jurisdiction :

5. No. of Beds (as per License) :

6. Actual No. of Beds (at present) :

7. Occupancy rate (per day) :

8. Storage facility for BMW :

9. Segregation procedure maintained : [ Yes / No ] (please mark )

Using of coloured Bags/Bins (as per Rule 6) : (please mark ) Yellow Red Blue Black

10. BMW treatment facility (please mark ) :Mutilation (Electric Destroyer / Cutter)

Chemical Treatment

Autoclaving (for BMW)

Incineration

Burial Pit

11. Disposal facility for BMW :

12. a) Authorization (as per BMW, M&H Rules, 1998) : [ Yes / No ] Valid upto date : b) Consent to operate (as per EP Act, 1986) : [ Yes / No ] Valid upto date :

107

Documents

West Bengal Pollution Control Board - Home - Bio medical Waste …web.wbpcb.gov.in/html/downloads/sw_inventory.pdf · 2015. 6. 16. · West Bengal Pollution Control Board Paribesh