/t "1")_-::-; , - ,_ .. J'}t)o,;

Wertical and Horizontal Deformations of Foundations and Embankments

Proceedings of Settlement '94

Sponsored by the Geotechnical Engineering Division of the American Society of Civil Engineers

in cooperation with the Federai Highway Administration National Science Foundation

Hosted by the Department of Civil Engineering

Texas A&M University

College Station,'Texas June 16-18, 1994

Geotechnical Special Publication No. 40

Edited by Albert T. Yeung an d Guy V. Félio

Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers 345 East 47th Street New York, New York 10017-2398

Volume 1

Il

CONTENTS Opening Lecture

lnvited Lecture: Use and Abuse of Settlement Analysis Ralph B. Peck ..... . . ...................... . ........ . ...... ... ...... .. .... ... l

Session l Embankments on Clay I

Jnvited Lecture: Settlement of Embank:ments on Soft Clays Gholamreza Mesri, Dominic O. Kwan Lo, and. Tao-Wei Feng ........ . . ............. 8

lnvited Lecture: Compressibility of Clays: Fundamental and Practical Aspects Serge Leroueil ................ ................... ..... .. .. ....... ..... . .... 57

Session 2 Embankments on Clay II

lnvited Lecture: Stress-Deformation Behavior of an Embankment on Boston Blue Clay Char1es C. Ladd, Andrew J. Whittle, and Dante E. Legaspi, Jr. . . ...... .. .. ...... 1730

lnvited Lecture: Methods to Reduce the Sett.lement of Embankments on Soft Clay: A Review

Jean-Pierre Magnan ....... . ........................................... . ..... 77

Session 3 Sballow Foundations on Clay

lnvited Lecture: Sett1ement of Tank.s on Clay J. Michae1 Duncan, Timothy B. D'Orazio, and Phil Myers . ... .. ..... . .... ........ 92

Invited Lecture: Mat Foundat.ion Design: An Historical Perspective Edward J. Ulrich .. . .. .. . . . .. .. ............. ............. ....... • ..... ..... 107

Session 4.1 Sballow Foundations I

Effects of SPT Equipment and Procedures on the Design of Shallow Foundations on Sand

William D. Kovacs ........... ... .. .. ...... ...... ... ... .................... 121 Predicting Shallow Foundation Settlement in Sands from DMT

D.L. Skiles and F.C. Townsend ..................... .. ...................... 132 53 W AK Tests on Spread Footings

James C. Maxwell and Jean-Louis Briaud ........... ........ • ...... ........... 143 Wak and Full-Scale Load Tests on Granular Fili

Kevin G. Sunerer, Karl W. Myers, and Glenn J . Rix .. .. ..... . . ..... ...... . .... 153 Footing Load Tests on Sand

Kenneth Tand, Erik Funegard, and Pickett Warden ....... . ........... ....... . .. 164 Vertica1 and Horizontal Deformations for Foundations on Sand: An Experimental Study

Christos N. Marangos ... . ... .............. ............... .. .. .. . .......... 179 Stress and Sett1ement of Footings in Sand

Bengt H. Fellenius and Ameir Altaee ......... ...... ......... .. . .. ...... .. .. . 1760

vii

Seulement of Shallow Foundations on Sand Harvey E. Wahls and Mukesh Gupta . . . ..... ... ........ ... ... . ... .... .. . .. .. . 190

Senlement Behavior of an Avalanche Protection Gallery Founded on Loose Sandy Si h Waher Steiner ... . ... ......... ... . . . .. ....... .... ..... ... .. ...... ..... ... 207

Displacement of Landrnark Building Rcsultìng frorn Adjacent Construction Activities Jacek K. Leznicki, Roben G. Gaibrois. and Melvin l. Esrig .. ...... .... .......... 222

Session 4.2 Deep Foundations I

Uplift Load-displacement Behavior of Grillage Foundations Fred H. Kulhawy and Harry E. Stewan ........ .. ... . ................ .. ..... .. 233

Horizontal and Venical Movements of Bridge Piers Subjected lO Ship Impact Naresh C. Samtani, Jaw-Nan Wang, Frank Pepe, Jr., and Michael J. Abrahams . .... 245

Deformations in Sand Layer during Pile Driving Francis D . Leathers ........ . ...................... .. .......... . . ... ....... 257

Pile Settlement Based on Dynamic Measurements Samuel G. Paikowsky, Valerie A. LaBelle, John E. Regan, and Les R. Chernauskas ... 269

Testing and Predicting the Movement of a Drilled Shaft in New Mexico Koon Meng Chua, Wimpie A.N. Aspar, and Roben Meyers ......... ..... . . ..... 279

Static Pile Load-Movement from Dynamic Measurements Frank Rausche, Mohamad Hussein, Garland Likins, and Gabriel Thendean .. . ..... .. 291

Numerica! Study of Underpinning by Piles for Settlement Contro! of Strip Foundations M. Makarchian and H.G. Poulos .. . ... .... ...... . .. . .................. . ..... 303

Design and Performance of a Piled Raft Foundation Mark Randolph and Patrick Clancy ....... .... ....... ..... ..... . ... .... ..... . 3 14

Mode! Tests on Caissons Sreenivas Alampalli and Venkatanarayana Peddibotla . .. ... . ... ...... . ... . ...... 325

Session 4.3 Embankments, Deep Fills, and Landfills I

Wanapum Dam Embankment Settlement Study M. Gene Yow, Thomas R. Hollingswonh. and David D. Moore . . ....... . ........ 337

Analysis of the Juturnaiba Embankment Dam Built on an Organic Soft Clay Robeno Q. Coutinho, Marcio S.S. Almeida, and Jose Bernardino Borges .... . .. . . . . 348

Replacement of a Failed Embankment Designed to Accommodate Large Settlement: A case study

B. Kent Merritt and Gary M. Wantland .. .. ... .. . ... .. ..... ...... ..... . . . . . ... 364 Settlements of Highway Embankments on Soft Lacustrine Deposits

Loreo R. Anderson, Casan L. Sampaco, Syed H. Gilani, Edward Keane, and Loreo Rausher .. .. ......... .. . ........................................ 376

Settlement of a 15-Meter Deep Fùi below a Building Percy M. Wimberly, ill, Samuel G. Maz.zella, and F. Barry Newman . . • . . .. .. . .... 398

Performance of Nanhua Dam during Construction Hsien-chang Kao and Jin-ching Chern . .. . ......... .. ......... .. ......... . .... 417

A Case History of Settlement of an Embankment on Lagoonal Deposits Influenced by Anesian Conditions

An·Bin Huang and Bob Y.K. Wong . .. .. ........ .. .. . ... . •. ........... . .... . 426 Settlement Analysis of Landfill Liners over Deep Mined Areas

M. Gabr, J.J . Bowders, and D.T. Mooney ..... ..... ..... . . ... ... . . ....... . ... 436 Dynamic Compaction of Landfill beneath Embankment

Paul J. Lewis and James A. Langer .... .. ... .... ... . .. ....• . ... ... • .. .... .... 451

vili

Senlcment Evaluation for Cap Closure Performance Edward M. Zamiskie, M. Golam Kabir, and Andre Haddad .

Session 4.4 SoiJ Improvement I

Preloading Organic Soils to Limit Future Settlements

. . .. • . .... . . ... . 462

K. Peter Yu and Rudolph P. Frizzi . . .. .... ... . ... ..... .. .. . .. .. . . ........ . . . . 476 The Contro! of Senlement Using Geogrids

Gunther E. Bauer . ... . . ........ .. .. . .... . ....... .. .. .. . . . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. ... 491 Blast Densification of a Thick, Loose Debris Flow at Mt. St. Helen's, Washington

Joseph E. Hachey, Robert L. Plum, R. John Byrne, Alan P. Kilian , and David V. Jenkins . . ... . ... ...... .. .. ... .. .. .. . . .. . .. . .. ... . .... . .. .. . . . . .. 502

An Investigation of the Reinforcing Effect of Stone Colurnns in Soft Clay Doug Stewart an d Martin Fahey . .. . .. . . . ........ . . .. .. . . ... . .. . . .. • . . ... .. . . 5 l 3

Reduction of Settlements Using Soil Reinforcement M. Sherif Abdei-Baki and G.P. Raymond . . . .. . .. .. ...... ... . ..... . ... .... .... 525

Suip Foundation on Geogrid-Reinforced Clay E. C. Shin, B.M. Das, V.K. Puri, and S . C . Yen ....... . . . .. . .. .... ...... ... ... 538

Performance of Oil Storage Tanks on Vibroflotation l.mproved Hydraulic Fili i.n the Port of Tampa, Florida

Fintan J. Buggy, Ramon E. Martinez, James D. Hussin, and Richard J. Deschamps ... 548 The Usefulness of Stone Columns to Reduce Settlements and Distortions-A Case History

Enrico Brignoli , Angelo Garassino, and Pietro Renzo .. . ... .. .. . ..... .. .. .. ..... . 561 Settlement Predictions at a A orida Port Facility

Thomas E. Selfridge and Kirk A. Mclntosh .. . ......... . ... . . . .... .. . . .. . . . .. .. 57 1 Geocell Mattress Effects on Embankment Settlements

Mark D. Evans .. . . .......... ... . . . ...... ........ ...... . .... ........ . . .. .. 584

Session 4.5 Numerical and Physical Modeling I

Towards a RationaJ Method of Predicting Settlements of Spread Footings on Sand Martin Fahey, Peter K. RobertSon, and Ahmed A. Soliman . .. ... . ... . . . .......... 598

Eccenuic Sertlements of a Rigid Foundation on a Consolidating Layer Zhongqi Yue and A. P.S. Selvadurai ... . .. ... . ......... . .. .. ... . ............ .. 612

lnfluence of SpatiaJiy Random Soil Stiffness on Foundation Settlements Geoffrey M. Paice, D. V., Griffiths, and GordonA. Fenton .... .. ........ . . . . ..... 628

Prediction of Sett1ements of Footings on Sands: Accuracy and Reliability Riccardo Berardi and Renato Lancellotta ..... . .. . . .. . .. . ... ......... . ... ...... 640

An AJternative Formulation of Volume-change Bebavior of Soils Sunirmal Banerjee and Kandiah SribaJaskandarajah .. .. . .. . .. ... . ............. .. 652

Nonlinear Undrained LateraJ Response of Rigid Drilled Shafts Using Continuum Theory

Pau l W. Mayne, Fred H. Kulhawy, and Charles H. Trautmann .. ........ .•. .. . .. . 663 Application of Phase Change Process to One-Dimensional Consolidation Behavior of Peat

Keiji Kogure . ....... . . . .... . . .. .. . . .. ..... .. • . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . . . ... . .. . .. .. 677 Finite Strain Consolidation for VerticaJ Drains

R . Robert Goughnour . ...... . . .. .. . ....... . . . ... . . . ... . .. ... . .. . .. . ... .. .. . 688 AnaJysis of Stone Column Foundation for Storage Tank by FEM

P.K. Kundu, K.G. Sharma, and A. Nanda . .. ............ .. .. . ..... .. ....... .. . 701

ix

Session 4.6 Soil Dynamics

A Procedure for Predicting Seismic Deformation of Earth Structures Hendra Jitno and Peter M. Byrne ... ..... .... ... . . .. ..... .. ...... . . ..... ... .. 711

Deformation of Sand Foundations lnduced by Earthquakes Xiangwu Zeng .. .. ... .. . . ... ...... ... ... ..... . . .. ............. . ...... ..... 726

Post-cyclic Consolidation Behavior of Loose Sands J .C. Chern and C.C. Lin . . .. . ...... . ...... .. .. • .. .... . . ... . . . . .. . .. . . .. .... 740

Seismic Settlement of Shallow Footings on Sands Awad AJ-Karni and Muniram Budhu ... ..... ..... . ...... . .. . . , . . .. . .. . . .. .. .. 748

Cyclic Loading for the Measuring of Soil Consolidation Parameters Alain Vuez and Abdou Rahal .... ..... ... .... .... ... ...... .. ..... ... .... .... . 760

Settlement of a Silo subjected to Cyclic Loading Marco Favaretti and Alberto Mazzucato .. .... ..... . . ..... .. .. .... .. .. ... ..... . 775

Soil-Structure Interaction during Mining lnduced Ground Movements Guoming Li n, Eric C. Drumm, Richard M . Bennett, Larry Powell, and T ed Triplett . .. 786

Analysis of Foundation Settlement due to Earthquake Jian Zhou and Jian Du ... .. ..... .. ............ .. ................ .. .. . . . . . . . 798

Prediction of Low Leve! Vibration lnduced Settlement Dong-Soo Kim, Sergey Drabkin, Anatoly Rokhvarger, and Debra Laefer . .... . . .... . 806

Session 4.7 Shallow Foundations II

Settlement Predictions Using Piezocone J.R . Davie, H. Senapathy, and W. Murphy ... .. .. . ... .. ...... .. .. ...... ...... 8 18

Performance of a Steel Tank Founded on a Marine Clay H. Senapathy, J.R. Davie, and L. W. Young, Jr. ... . . . .. ... . ...... .. .......... .. 830

Sett1ement of Large Mat on Deep Compressible Soil James P. Stewart, Hugh S. Lacy, and Cb.arles C. Ladd ........................... 842

Long Term Performance of Raft and Footing Foundations above Clayey Silt A.O. Landva, A.J. Valsangkar, and Z. Wroblewicz .. .. ..... .. ..... . .. ..... .. ... 860

Settlement of an Air Cargo Structure on Soft C1ay Mazen E. Adib, and William G. Paratore . .. .. ... . . .... .. .. • .... .. . .. . ..... . .. 875

lnfluence of Flexible Mat on Settlements of Marine Clay A.M. Deshmukh and V.T. Ganpule ............. . .. . ... ............. ... .... .. 887

The lnfluence of Engineering Judgement in the Settlement Analysis of a Test Fili near Chalon-sur-Saòne, France

Jean-Pierre Demartinecourt and Jean-Pierre Rajot .. ... ............ .. .. . .... . .... 897 Design and lnstallation of a New Settlernent-lnclinometer Device

R.G. Campanella, R.S. Jackson, J.A.R. Ortigao, and C.B. Crawford ... . . • ... . ... .. 91 1 Performance of Three Large-Diameter Oil Tanks on Soft Clay

Mamdouh Hamza, Job.n R. Davie, an<! Michael R. Lewis . .. ..... ... .... .... . .... 923

Session 4.8 Deep Foundations D

Vertical Displacement lnduced in Soil by Conica! Shell Foundations Mohamed Abdel-Rahman and Ade! Hanna . . .. .. .. . ... .. ...... .. .. . .. • ... .... . 937

The Effect of Live Load on Downdrag Forces Samuel A. Leifer . ..... ... ..... .. . .. . ... . .. .•.. ..... ..... . .... ... . .... . .. . 949

x

Senlement of Structures Supported on Marginai or lnadequate Soils Stiffencd with Short Aggregate Piers

Evert C . Lawton and Nathaniel S. Fox ............ . . ... .. .. . .. .. . ..... . .... .. 962 Displaoemems of Batter Piles in Layered Soil

A. S. Yalcin and G.G. Meyerhof .... .. ... . ....... . . .... . ..... . . ... . . . •• . .... 975 Down Drag on Friction Piles: A Case History

Yalc in B. Acar, R. Richard Avent, and Mohd R . Taha .. . .. . . ... .. .• . . .. .. •• .... 986 Design of Underpinning Piles to Reduce Settlements

H.G. Poulos .. .. .. . .. . ... . ..... ... . .... ....... ...... .. . .. .. . ..... ... • • ... 1000 Measured Downdrag on Seven Coated and Uncoated Piles in New Orleans

Randall K. Bush and Jean-Louis Briaud ...... . .. .. . ..... . . . .. ........ . .. .. .. 1011 Comparison of Settlement Predictions for Single Piles in Sand Based on Penetration Test Results

James B. Nevels, Jr. and Donald R. Snethen ........... . . . .. . . . . ....... . ...... 1028 The Tip Displacement of Drilled Shafts in Sands

V.N. Ghionna, M. Jamiolkowski , S. Pedroni, and R. Salgado ..... .. . .. .. . . . .... . 1039

Session 4.9 Embankments, Deep Fills, and LandfiUs II

Footing Modulus near Slopes Mark C. Gemperline .. . ..... . . ............ . . ........... ..... . .. . ... . ... . . 1058

Settlement and Deformation Response of a Bridge Footing on a Sloped Fili Guy Y. Félio an d Gunther E. Bauer ... .. . .•. .......... . . . .. .... .. ..... • • . . . l 071

Settlement of Test Fills for Chek Lap Kok Airport Dominic O. Kwan Lo and Gholamreza Mesri . . . .... .. .... . ......... . .. ....... 1082

Con.solidation Settlements and Pore Pressure Dissi pation Demetrious C . Kout.softas and Raymond K.H. Cheung ....... . ... . ......... . .. . . 1100

Latera! Foundation Deformations for a Marine Test Fili D. Koutsoftas ..... ...... ....................... ......... . .. .... . ... . .... Il i l

Settlement of Deep Compacted Fills in California Ernesto E. Vicente, Gerald M. Diaz, and Alleo M. Yourman, Jr. . ............... 1124

Modeling Settlements of an Existing Municipal Solid W aste Landfill Sideslope Using an Earthen Surcharge Pile

William L. Deutsch, Jr., Owen R. Esterly, and John Vitale . . .. ...... ......... . .. 1135 Settlement Measurements of 50-ft High Embankments at the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal Bridge

Ed Brylawski , Poh C. Chua, and Edward S. O'Malley .................... ...... 1149 Comparison of Predicted and Measured Settlement of a Test Embankment Over Soft Soil

Kuo-Hsia Chang, William D. Kovacs, and Ming-Jiun Wu ......... . .. .. .. . ...... 1164

Session 4.10 SoiJ lmprovement II

Compaction Grouting Stops Settlement of an Operating Water Treatment Plant Percy M. Wimberly , ID, F. Barry Newman, Kenneth B. Andromalos, and Chris R. Ryan ..... ... . ... ........... . . ...... ........ .. .. . ..... .......... 1176

Perfom1ance of Wick Drains Installed by Vibration Richard P. Long, Leo F. Fontaine, and Bruoe Olrnstead .. ........ ......... ... . . . 1193

Building Performance Founded on an Improved Sand in Recife, Brazil J.F.T. Juc~, A .O .C . Fonte, and I.D.S. Pontes Filho ........ . . ... ...... . ... . ... 1202

xi

Soil Improvement lo Mitigate Setllements undcr Existing Structures H. R. AI-Aiusi ... .. ... .. ..... .. ... . .... .. .... ... . .. . .... ... . .. ..... .. .... 1214

A Comparison of Three Soillmprovement Techniques to Densify Liquefaction Susceptible Sands

Alec D. Smith and Edward B. Kinner . ... .. . . ..... . ....... .. . . ......... ... ... 1224 Vacuum Consolidation Technology-Principles and Field Experience

J.M. Cognon, l. Juran, and S. Thevanayagam . . ... .. ... . ...... . .... .. . . . . . .... 1237 Vacuum-Assisted Consolidation of a Hydraulic Landfill

A. Jacob, S. Thevanayagam, andE. Kavazanjian, Jr. . .. ... .. .. .... .. .. • .. . ... . 1249 Consolidation of Ground RecJajmed by lnhomogeneous Clay

Hiroyuki Tanaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1262 Field Test of Thermal Precompression

Tuncer B. E&1 and Palrick J. Fox .. .. .. .... .. .. .. .. . .. . ......... . ... ... ... . . 1274

Session 4.11 Numerical and Physical Modeling II

Settlement of Footings on Granular Materials: Low and Large Strain Parameters F. Ahtchi-Ali and J. C. Santamarina .. .. .... . ... .. ..... . .... ... .. ... ........ . 1287

Compressibility for Sand under One-Dimensional Loading Condition Ching S . Chang ....... ................... ... . ..... .. .. .. .. . .. .. ... .... .. 1298

Application of the " Diflupress L. D." Field Test to Settlement Calculation C . Leidwanger, E. Aavigny, R. Charnlxm, J.L. Giafferi, P. Catel, and G. Bufi .. . .. 1312

Measurements and Numerica! Modelling of High Rise Building Foundations on Frankfurt Clay

Eberhard Franke, Bernd Lutz, and Yasser El-Mossallamy ... ..... . . ....... •... ... 1325 Ground Movements from Mode! Tieback Wall Construction·

Christopher G. Mueller, James H. Long, Edward J. Cording, and Davìd E. Weatherby . .. ... ..... . ......... .. .. .... .. .. .... ... . .. .. ... .... .. 1337

Management of Dredged Materia! Placement Operations Timothy D. Stark, lvan Contreras, and Jaclc Fowler . . .... . ..... . . • .. . ... . . ... . . 1353

Nonlinear Three Dimensionai Analysis of Downdrag on Pile Groups Sangseom Jeong and Jean-Louis Briaud ... .. ... ... ... . . . . . ... .. .. ... . .. . .. ... 1336

Load-Setùement Prediction of Footings on Steep Slopes Pedro Arduino, Emir J. Macari, and Mark Gemperline . ... .. ... ... ... .. .... .. ... 1385

Numerica] Modeling of Bridge Approach Settlement with Foundation-Embankrnent Interaction

Musharraf Zaman, Dinesh Bhat, and Joakim Laguros .. ......................... 1400

Session 4.12 Expansive Soils, Residual Soils, and Rock

Consolidation Characteristics of an Offshore C1ay Deposit J.A.R. Ortigao and A.S.F.J. Sayao . .. .... ... .. ... .. .... ... ..... . . . ......... 1415

The Role of Shale Pores in Setùement Luis E. Vallejo, Michael K. Robinson, and Ann C . Stewart-Murphy .. . . .. ........ 1425

Collapse Mechanism of Compacted Clayey and Silty Sands T .A. Alwail, C .L. Ho, and R.J . Fragaszy .... . .. ..... .. .. .... .. .. • . . ..... .. . . 1435

Deformations about Ex.cavations in Highly S tressed Rock Pau! Nash and Garry Mostyn .. .... .. .. ..... . ......... .. .......... . ... ... ... 1447

Rate of Settlement of Silt Alluvium at Trojan Derek H. Comforth .... . .... .. ............... .. .... . .......... . ...... .... 1460

x.ii

Tree Root lnduced Settlement of a Large Industriai Building Founded on E"pansive Clay- a Case History

Aziz Aboaziza and Hisham H.H. Mahmoud ..... ...... . .... ... ... .. . . .. . .. . . . 1472 Damage Evaluation of Building on Piers in Expansive Clay

Richard J. Finno, Gary J. Klein, and Pau! J. Sabatini . . . . . ... . ... .. . . .. .. .... 1482 Settlement of Building Foundations on Clay Soil Caused by Evapotranspir.llion

Vincent Sìlvestri and Claudene Tabib .. .. .. ...... . .. .. . .. ... . .. . ........... .. 1494 The Behavior of a Building with Shallow Foundations on a Stiff Lateritic Clay

Luciano Décourt .. .. .. . .. .. .. . ... . .. .. .. .. . .. ... . ......... . .. ...... . ... .. 1505

Session 5 Deep Fills and Peat

Invited Lecture: Settlement of Compacted Fills Caused by Wetting lraj Noorany and Jeffrey V. Stanley ... . . . ....... ..... . . . .... .. . . . . .. ... . . . .. 1516

Jnvited Lecture: Case History of a Collapsible Soil Fili AJan L. Kropp, David J. McMahon, and Sandra L Houston ........ .. . ..... .. ... . 1531

Invited Lecture: Settlement of Peats and Organic Soi1s Tuncer B. Edil and Evert J. den Haan . . ........ . . .. ............ ......... .... 1543

Session 6 Landfalls and Soli lmprovement

Inviled Lecture: Settlement in Wasle Fili Arvid O. Landva ... . .. . ..... .. ..... .. . .. .. ......... . . . ..... . .. .. ........ 1573

1nviled Lecture: Probabil istic Observation Method. for Seltlement- based Design of a Landfill Cover

Wilson H. Tang, Robert B. Gilbert, Mauricio Angulo, and Richard S. Williams ..... 1590 lnvited Lècture: Settlement of Oynamically Compacted Oeposits

Roben G. Lukas and Norman H. Seiler ... . .. . ........ .. . ... . .. ........ . ..... 1602

Session 7 Shallow Foundations on Sand

lnvited Lecture: Experimental Study of the Settlement of Shallow Foundations Samuel Amar, François Baguelin, Yves Canépa, and Roger Frank ......... ........ .. *

lnvited Lecture: Load Settlement Curve Method for Spread Footings on Sand Jean-Louis Briaud and Philippe Jeanjean . ....... .. .. .. . .. . ... .. . ...... . .. ..... 1774

lnvited Lecture: Tolerable Deformations Harvey E. Wahls .. . .. . .. . ...... . . .. . . ...... . ........ .. . .. ........... .. ... 16ll

Session 8 Prediction Symposium: Spread Footings on Sand

Abslract: Test and Prediction Results for Five Footings on Sand Jean-Louis Briaud and Robert M. Gibbens .... ...... .... .. ... ... . ... . . ........ 1897

Session 9 Deep Foundations

lnvited Lecture: Settlement Prediction for Driven Piles and Pile Groups Harry G. Poulos .... . .. . .... .. . . . . . ....... . .... . ..... ...... ...... .. .... .. 1629

lnvited Lecture: Settlement Analysis for 450 Meler Tali KLCC Towers Clyde N. Baker, Jr., lr. Tarique Azam, and Len S. Joseph . . ...........•..... . .. 1650

l.nvited Lecture: Downdrag on Piles: Review and Recent E"perimentation John Anthony Little . .. .. . ...... ..... .. ....... ............ ...... .......... 1805

•Manuscript not available al lime of printing

xiii

Session 1 O Soil Dynamics

Invited Lecturc: Deformations in Granular Soils due to Cyclic Loading Peter M. Byrnc and J. Mc!ntyre .. . . . . . ... ... ... ..... ... .. . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 1864

Invited Lecture:Vibration lnduced Seulemenl from Blast Densification and Pile Driving Charlcs H. Dowding .. .. .. .. .. . . . . .... . . ... ... ..... .. .... . . .. . . . . .. .. . .... 1672

lnvited Lecrure: Foundation Deformation due to Eanhquakes Ricardo Dorby ... . . . . ... . ...... . . . . ... .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .... . .. . .... . .. ... . . 1846

Session 11 Expansive SoUs, Residua} Soils, and Rock

lnvited Lecture: Prediction of Move ment in Expansive Clays Robert L. Lytton .. ..... . . ...... . .. . . . .. . .. ... ..... .. . . .. .. . .. .. ... .. . . .. . 1827

lnvited Lecrure: Residua! Soil Settlement Re lated to the Weathering Profile George F. Sowers .. . . . .. . . .... . . .. .. . ... ... . ...... ... . ... .. . .. .. .. ... . . .. 1689

lnvited Lecrure: Movement of Foundations on Rock lan W. Johnston .. . . ...... . .. . . . . . . ... .... .. . . .. . .. . . . .... ... ..... .. ..... 1703

Session 12

Invited Lecture: Software for Settlement Analysis John T. Christian .. .. . .. ........ .............. ..... ... ... . . ... ... . .. .... .. 1718

Subjec:t lndex .. ... .. . .. .. • .. ... . .. . .... . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. ...... .. ... • ... . .... 1899

Author lndex .... .. . .. . .... . ... . . .. ... .. . .. ... . . .. . .. . ... . . .. .... ..... ... . 1903

xiv