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GLOBAL FISHERIES & AQUACULTUREStatus | Challenges | Opportunities
René Benguerel | Blueyou Consulting
Status of Fishery Sector
World Production Fisheries and Aquaculture 1950 - 2012
Source: State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2014 (FAO)
Peak of Global Landings in 1996
86.4 Mio MT
Since 20 years on declining trend!
43%
Farmed
57%
Wild
Officially Reported Catch and Landings
[Mio t]
Status of Fishery Sector
World Production Fisheries and Aquaculture 2007 - 2012
Source: State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2014 (FAO)
Growth Farmed Seafood
2007 – 2012: + 16.7 Mio MT
+ 33%
Growth Capture Fisheries
2007 – 2012: + 0.5 Mio MT
+ 0.5%
Status of Fishery Sector
World Fishing Fleet 2012
Source: State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2014 (FAO)
68%
16%
8%
3%2% 1%
1%
Asia Africa
Latin America North America
Europe Near East
Global Fleet Size 2012
4.71 Mio Vessels
SMALL-SCALE & COMMUNITY-BASED FISHERIES
- 90% of the global fleet (36 Mio. Fishermen)
- 50% of global landings
Challenges of Fishery Sector
Increasing Fishing Effort and Decrease in Landings
Source: California Environmental Associates CEA 2012
Challenges of Fishery Sector
Fishing Effort and Pressure on Fishery Resources 1950 - 2005
Source: The Spatial Expansion and Ecological Footprint of Fisheries (1950 to Present)
Wilf Swartz, Enric Sala, Sean Tracey, Reg Watson, Daniel Pauly
Challenges of Fishery Sector
Under-Reporting of Catch and Landings“Official statistics mostly
reflect industrial fishing
activities and do not
include small scale
commercial fisheries,
subsistence fisheries as
well as the discarded by-
catch and estimates for
illegal fishing”
“The world took 53%
more fish from the seas
than the official figures
indicate”
“Around 32 million
tonnes of fish go
unreported every year”Source: Sea Around Us Project | University of British Columbia | 2016
?
Challenges of Fishery Sector
Unclear Picture with Regards to Actual Resource Status
Source: Sea Around Us Project | 2012
Challenges of Fishery Sector
Missing Regulatory Framework & Ineffective Management
Source: Management Effectiveness of the World's Marine Fisheries | Camilo Mora et al. 2009
Score reflect scientific robustness of fisheries
regulation and policy, capability to enforce
regulations and the extent of subsidies, fishing
effort and foreign fishing within EEZ
Opportunities & Incentives for Fisheries Reform
Share of Fish & Seafood in Protein Consumption
Opportunities & Incentives for Fisheries Reform
Our Choice: Sustainable Fisheries vs. Business as Usual
Source: Environmental Defense Fund 2016
Business as Usual
Sustainable Fisheries
Opportunities & Incentives for Reform
Global Potential of Fishery Reform
Source: Environmental Defense Fund 2016
CONCLUSIONS
FISHERY SECTOR
• Fisheries landings have been stagnating since 25 years despite increased global catch effort
• Unclear situation with regards to global exploitation status, due to unreported and/or illegal catch (IUU Fishing)
• Good News: Fisheries which underwent reform show successful signs of stock recovery and increased catch / biomass
• Global fisheries have the potential to supply 100 Mio t of seafood annually, if managed sustainably! (+15 – 20 Mio t of today catch)
• Investments into sustainable fisheries and consumption of seafood from sustainable origins may act as important drivers for change and reform! (incentives and leverage as driver for improvement)
AQUACULTUREStatus | Challenges | Opportunities
World Aquaculture Production: Inland and Mariculture1980 - 2012
Source: State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2014 (FAO)
75%
Inland
25%
Marine
Opportunities and Solutions for Sustainable Aquaculture
Non Feed Based Systems and Species
70%
30%
2012
Feed Non Feed
50%50%
1980
Source: Status of Fisheries and Aquaculture (SOFIA) FAO 2014
Opportunities of the Aquaculture Sector
Conversion Efficiencies of Feed-Based Farming Systems
Opportunities and Solutions for Sustainable Aquaculture
Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture (IMTA)
IMTA
Farming high trophic species in
combination with lower trophic
species
- Carnivorous Fish
- Bivalve Molluscs (Filter Feeder)
- Seaweed (Nutrient Sink!)
- Bottom Detritus Feeders (Sea
Cucumber, Sea Urchins)
Opportunities and Solutions for Sustainable Aquaculture
Organic Aquaculture
Organic Farming Principles
- Better nutrient efficiency
- No chemicals
- Organic feed ingredients
- Low stocking density
- Disease prevention
- Natural habitats
- Local species
- Non GMO
- Animal Welfare
- Social Welfare
Opportunities and Solutions for Sustainable Aquaculture
Example: Farmed Mussels vs. Mutton Meat
13.380.000
253.650
0
2.000.000
4.000.000
6.000.000
8.000.000
10.000.000
12.000.000
14.000.000
16.000.000
Surface Need [km2]
to Meet World Protein Demand 2050
Sheep Mussels
Factor 52!!
CONCLUSIONS
AQUACULTURE SECTOR
• Aquaculture has been the fasted growing food sector during the past 30 years – and will continue to grow in the future!
• Of specific interest are species and rearing systems which do not rely on external feed sources – resulting in very low impact on the environment (filter feeding fish, herbivorous fish, bivalve molluscs)
• Small-scale, community based aquaculture offers attractive income opportunities and may become important source of protein in the future
• If properly regulated, planned and managed, aquaculture has large potential to supply high value protein to global markets! Investmentsand consumer buying decisions should be directed towards such operations and sectors.
