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9/26/2011 1
WELCOME TO U.S.M.
FALL PREVENTION &
PROTECTION TRAINING
University Environmental
Health and Safety
9/26/2011 2
Learning Objectives
• The U.S.M. Fall
Protection Program
• Key elements of the
OSHA Fall Protection
Standard
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Learning Goals: Fall Prevention
• Recognize potential fall hazards
• Identify strategies for fall prevention Understand the
requirements for the safe use of:
• Ladders
• Mechanical lifts
• Roof work
• Fall Arrest Systems
9/26/2011 4
Why a Policy for Fall Prevention ?
• Number of deaths
• Rank in cause of deaths
• Government Response
• 2005 = 767 = 6.6% <
• 4th highest
• 1st highway incidents
• 2nd, assaults
• 3rd, contact objects & equipment
• OSHA Subpart M: Fall Protection 1926.500
• Subpart L: Scaffolds
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Types of Falls
• Total Fall Fatalities 809
Fall to lower level 728
Fall from ladder 129
Fall from roof 184
Fall from scaffold 88
• Fall on same level 88
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How did the government respond?
• OSHA added Subpart (M) Fall Protection
to the CFR
• How did USM respond?
• In November of 1996, CES&H developed
a policy titled Fall Protection Program..
9/26/2011 8
Where do we need Fall Protection?
• Part 1926 section 501 tells us
• OSHA tells us.
1926.501(a)(2) Walking working surfaces
1926.501(b)(1) Unprotected sides and edges which
are 6 ft or more above a lower level
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Where else?
• (b)(7) Excavations >
6 ft
• (b)(10) Roofing work
> 6 ft.
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So how do we provide protection?
• OSHA tells us how. (of course) Where?
• 1926.502 Fall Protection Systems &
Criteria
(b) Guardrail systems.
• Top rail = 42” +/- 3” and 200 lbs of force
• Mid rail = 21 “ and 150 lbs of force
(d) Personal fall arrest systems
(k) Fall protection plan
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How do we learn about this stuff?
• OSAH tells us how
• 1926.503 Training Requirements
(a) The employer shall provide a training
program – Recognize and minimize hazard
(b) Certificate of training – Name, date, trainer signature
(c) Retraining – Changes in the workplace
– Inadequacies in the affected employees
knowledge
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Lets get started!
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The University of Southern Maine. University Environmental Health and Safety
Policy: Fall Protection Program
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Purpose
• To identify, evaluate, manage and control
fall hazards by eliminating or preventing
them through administrative and
engineering controls. When this is not
feasible, then fall protection systems shall
be used to protect a worker from exposure
to a fall event..
9/26/2011 19
Justification
• Falls account for 18% of work place fatalities
• Fall between 4 and 6ft result in the regular
occurrence of disabling injuries.
• Falls above 6 ft result in the regular occurrence
of death.
• Average cost of a disabling injury, $28,000.00
• Average cost of death, $980,000.00
9/26/2011 20
Objective
• Eliminate and prevent exposure to falls.
• Bring worker to a safe stop in the event of
a fall.
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Scope
• This policy applies to management,
supervisors, workers and subcontractors
working at elevations of six feet or higher
– Above a lower level
– Leading edge
– Floor or Wall opening
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USM TARGET GROUPS
• Grounds
• Telecommunications
• Electricians
• Painters
• Athletics
• Mechanical Trades
• Subcontractors
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Responsibilities
• Project Manager/ Administrator – Ensures compliance
• Project Supervisor – Assist with job site hazard recognition
– Ensure compliance
• Employee/Worker – Compliance with program
– Identifying and reporting fall hazards
– Inspecting equipment
– Attending safety training
9/26/2011 24
FALL PREVENTION
9/26/2011 25
Control Factors
Maintain uncluttered walking/working surfaces.
Erecting guardrails and walls.
Using approved scaffolds and lifts.
Restrict travel of workers.
Encourage equipment maintenance & inspection
9/26/2011 26
Fall Prevention Procedures
FP-1 Ladders
FP-2 Mechanical Lifts
FP-3 Staging
FP-4 Roof Tops
FP-5 Personal Fall Arrest Systems
FP-6 Watertower
FP-7 Power Lines
9/26/2011 27
FP- 1 Ladders (A-Portable, step)
Inspect for broken components
Read instruction labels on the ladder
– No ladder is to be used if the labels are missing
Open stepladders fully and secure locking devices
Position on a stable base
9/26/2011 28
What does OSHA say?
(1926.1053) Ladders, (a) General
– (a)(8) A metal spreader or locking device shall be provided on each step ladder to hold the front and back sections in an open when the ladder is being used.
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OSHA: 1926.1053(b) Use
(b)(1) portable ladder side rails shall extend at least 3 feet above the landing surface
(b)(2) free of oil grease and slipping hazards
(b)(3) not loaded beyond the manufacturer`s rated capacity
(b)(4) used only for the purpose for which they were designed
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OSHA: 1926.1053(b) Use
(b)(9) The area around the top and bottom of the ladder shall be kept clear
(b)(13) The top or top step of a step ladder shall not be used as a step
(b)(14) rear section of stepladders shall not be used for climbing
9/26/2011 33
FP- 1 Ladders ( B-Extension)
Extend ladder 3 feet past the surface being accessed
– Do not over extend in height
Secure both ends when possible
– Or use a designated spotter
– A climb > 20 feet requires a team of 2
Use the 1 to 4 principle ( arms length)
9/26/2011 34
FP- 1 Ladders ( B-Extension)
Inspect the ladder.
Read the labels.
Engage the locking devices.
Climbs over 20 feet require two people.
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FP- 1 Ladders (extension)
Never over reach while working.
Maintain three point contact.
Hands empty when ascending/descending.
Use a rope and or mechanical device to lift materials up to or down from work area.
When working in or around energized power lines follow procedures in FP-7.
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OSHA: 1926.1053(b) Use
(b)(5)(i) used at an angle such that the horizontal distance from the top support to the foot of the ladder is approximately one-quarter of the working length
(b)(6) used only on stable level surfaces
(b)(7) not used on slippery surfaces
(b)(8) if placed in any location where they can be displaced i.e., passageways, doorways shall be secured or barricaded
9/26/2011 39
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OSHA: 1926.1053(b) Use
(b)(20) “When ascending nor descending a ladder, the user shall face the ladder.”
(b)(21) “Each employee shall use at least one hand to grasp the ladder when progressing up and/or down the ladder.”
(b)(22) “An employee shall not carry any object or load that could cause the employee to loose balance and fall.”
9/26/2011 42
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FP-2 Mechanical Lifts
Manufacturers instructions are to be followed when using this equipment
Training and corresponding documentation are mandatory before an employee can operate a powered lift.
Operate only on a level surface
9/26/2011 44
FP-2 Mechanical Lifts
Lock/chock wheels where possible.
When working around electrical lines see:
FP-7 Power line procedure.
A team of two workers is required when moving the lift between buildings.
9/26/2011 45
1926.453 Aerial Lifts
(b) Specific Requirements
-(2) Extensible and articulating boom platforms
(i) Lift controls shall be tested each day
(ii) Only authorized persons shall operate a lift
(iii) Belting off to an adjacent pole, structure or equipment shall not be permitted.
9/26/2011 46
1926.453 Aerial Lifts
(iv) Stand firmly on the floor of the basket and shall not sit or climb on the edge of the basket or use planks, ladders, or other devices for a work position.
(v) A body harness shall be worn and a lanyard attached to the boom or basket when working from an aerial lift.
9/26/2011 47
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1926.453 Aerial Lifts
(b) Specific Requirements
– (2) Extensible and articulating boom platforms
(vi) Load limits specified By the manufacturer shall not be exceeded.
(vii) Brakes shall be set and when outriggers are used, they shall be positioned on pads on a solid surface.
(viii) An aerial lift shall not be moved when the boom is elevated in a working position with men in the basket.
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FP-3 Staging
Level position. Wheels locked.
All cross bracing in place with pins, clips etc. in locked position.
Planking minimum 2 X 8 staging grade or aluminum decking planks
Railings; 500lbs, 2 x 4 guardrails, 42” top with midrail and toe board.
9/26/2011 53
FP-3 Staging
Do not over load the platform
When working around power lines follow FP-7 Power line Procedure.
Suspension Scaffolds are not to be used by USM employees!
9/26/2011 54
FP- 4, Roof Tops
Only workers who have been trained shall be allowed onto a roof.
Inspect roof surface for hazards prior to starting work.
Identify fall hazards including holes and skylights.
Appropriate foot wear should be worn.
9/26/2011 55
FP-4 Roof Tops
Only workers who have been trained.
Flat Roofs (<= 4 in 12 slope) – Minimum of 2 workers
– Warning lines minimum of 6 ft from the edge
– Inspect roof surface.
– Be aware of openings
– Wear appropriate footwear.
– Use a Safety Monitor with the warning line system.
9/26/2011 56
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FP- 4, Roof Tops
Steep Roofs, having a slope greater than 4 in 12 (vertical to horizontal)
– Must be tied off securely before work begins
– Do not tie off to:
Roof hatch openings
Vent pipes, stacks, or chimneys
Benches or planters
Any item not securely fastened to the structure.
– Check with FM Engineering
9/26/2011 58
FP-5 Personal Fall Arrest System
To be covered in Training Certificate Session
9/26/2011 59
FP-7 Power Line Procedures
Maintain the mandated 10 foot clearance from power lines.
Electrical power lines entering the buildings must be wrapped by CMP before work can begin.
A team of two workers is required when moving the lift between buildings.
9/26/2011 60
Rescue Procedures
• Attempt communication with the victim.
• Try to assess victims condition.
• Do not move victim.
• Dial 911 or 780-5211 to summon help
• Direct first responders.
• Contact the employees supervisor.
9/26/2011 61
Training requirements
• The nature & recognition of fall hazards.
• Use and operation of guardrail and
personal fall arrest systems
• The role of employees in fall protection
plans
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Certificate of Training
• Name of employee.
• Dates of Training.
• Signature of trainer.
• Employee printed name and signature.
9/26/2011 63
Retraining
• When dangers in the workplace change.
• Changes in fall protection systems.
• When the employer has reason to believe
that an employee who has already been
trained does not have the understanding
and skill required by the Training
Requirements to perform their work safely.
9/26/2011 64
FALL PROTECTION
9/26/2011 65
Learning Goals Fall Protection
• Name the Components of a Personal
Fall Arrest System
• Learn to inspect your personal fall arrest
equipment
• Don and fit the body harness correctly
9/26/2011 66
3 General Principals of Fall
Protection
(the holy grail)
• 1. Don't hit the ground.
• 2. Minimize the fall forces.
• 3. Don't do stupid stuff.
9/26/2011 67
1. Don't hit the ground
• Always calculate the fall clearance prior to
working.
• Calculating the Total Fall Clearance • (+) 6 ft, length of lanyard
• (+) 3.5 ft deceleration distance
• (+) 6 ft height of worker
• (+) 3 ft safety factor
• 18.5 ft from the anchor point
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2. Minimize the fall force
• 3 Ways to minimize the arresting force
– (a) Minimize the fall distance
– (b) Minimize the working weight
– (c) Maximize the Stopping Distance
9/26/2011 70
(a) Minimize the free fall distance
• As the free fall distance increases, the
arresting force increases
– Use a shorter lanyard
– Anchor higher up
– Use a retractable (SRL)
9/26/2011 71
(b) Minimize the working weight
• As the working weight increases, the
arresting forces also increase
– Carry less tools
– Rope and bucket or mechanical aid
9/26/2011 72
(c) Maximize the Stopping Distance
• As the stopping distance (deceleration
distance) increases, the arresting force will
decrease
– Use a shock absorbing lanyard
– Use a self retracting lifeline
9/26/2011 73
3. Don’t do Stupid stuff.
• Have you planned your work?
• Do you have a rescue plan?
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What am I supposed to wear?
• Personal Fall Arrest System
• The “ABC`s”
• Anchor
• Body wear
• Connecting device
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A = Anchor Point
• Capable of supporting at least 5000 lbs
per employee attached. Why 5000 lbs?
• 2x the intended load or maximum arresting
force as determined by a qualified person.
9/26/2011 78
Anchor Point
• Shall be independent of any anchorage
being used to support or suspend
platforms
• Shape must be compatible with
connectors
• Located directly above the worker; swing
• Accessible; to facilitate rescue
9/26/2011 79
B = Body Harness
• All components must have a minimum tensile strength of 5000lbs
• Maximum working weight of 310 lbs, combined person and tool, unless otherwise specified on the label. ( now making 400 lb harness )
• Distributes the arrest forces to the major muscle groups. Limit 1800 lbs
• Hold the employee during and after the fall. (15 minutes, orthostatic intolerance)
9/26/2011 80
C = Connecting Devices
• Lanyards
• Retractables
• “D” rings and Snap hooks
9/26/2011 81
Connecting Devices
• Lanyards
– Web, rope, wire.
• Note; ropes and straps (webbing) used in lanyards, lifelines,
and strength components of body belts and body harnesses
shall be made from synthetic fibers. 1926.501(d)(14)
– Minimum breaking strength of 5000 lbs
– Limit max arrest force to 900 lbs
– Limit max free fall distance to 6 ft
– Limit max deceleration distance to 3.5 ft
9/26/2011 82
Connecting Devices
• Retractables: SRL`s
– Web and Cable
– Lengths from 9 to 95 feet
– Max free fall of 2 ft shall be able to sustain a
minimum tensile load of 3000lbs
– Max free fall > 2 ft but less than 3.5 ft ( rip
stitch, tearing ) shall be able to sustain a
minimum tensile load of 5000lbs
9/26/2011 83
How does it look?
• Inspecting your Personal Fall Arrest
Equipment.
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Inspecting your equipment
• Personal fall arrest equipment must be
inspected prior to each use
– Hardware
– Webbing material
– Stitching
– Labels
– Operation/Function
9/26/2011 86
Inspecting your equipment
• Hardware
– Distortions, dimples, cracks, corrosion or pitted
surfaces.
• Web Material
– Impact label
– frayed material, loose stitching
– Cuts, snags, breaks
– Swelling, discoloration, cracks, charring (signs of
chemical or heat damage).
9/26/2011 87
Inspecting your equipment
• Shock absorber/soft stop
– Examine outer pack/covering for
• burns,
• tears,
• discoloration,
• frayed stitching,
• deterioration.
9/26/2011 88
Inspecting your equipment
• Labels
– Present
– Legible
• Instructions
• Model number
• Date of Manufacture
9/26/2011 89
Inspecting your equipment
• Operation/function – All components shall be size to be compatible with the member
to which they are connected. 1926.501.(D)(5)
– Components must engage freely and interlock securely. Triple check the double locking snap hooks
– Buckle tongue and grommets must fit securely
– Interlocking rectangular buckles must be free of distortion and lock securely
– Thimbles must be firmly seated in the eye on all lanyards,
– Splices
• no loose or cut strands
• No sharp edges, distortions or cracks.
9/26/2011 90
Inspecting your equipment
• Do Not Write on the Straps, Webbing or
Material.
• The manufacturer can claim the product
has been altered.
9/26/2011 91
How do I put this tuxedo on?
• Donning your equipment.
– Properly fitted to the wearer after donning.
– “Hands on” class participation.
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Thank you