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Classification 101

This and That

Father of Classificat

ion

What’s In A Name?

Name That Kingdom!

Picture This!

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PowerPoint Jeopardy

Organisms that are best suited to their environment will most likely survive, reproduce and pass these traits on to their offspring. This principle is known by what name?

What scientist first proposed this idea?

Natural Selection

Charles Darwin

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Who was the first person to attempt the classification

of the living organisms on Earth?

Aristotle

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Aristotle classified all animals into what

three groups?

He classified all plants into what three groups?

Animals•Land dwellers•Water dwellers•Air dwellers

Plants• herbs• shrubs• trees

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This branch of biology classifies

organisms and assigns each organism a

universally accepted name.

Taxonomy

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This is a new system of classification that uses “shared derived characteristics” to show evolutionary relationships.

Cladistics

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What was the problem with the system of

classification proposed by Aristotle?

Many organisms were placed in groups in which there was

no relationship with the other organisms found there.

Air dwellers: Birds, bats, flying squirrels, and

insects would be classified together, but they are not very closely related to one

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What is the problem with using common names when classifying living

organisms?

Common names are very misleading and very

confusing.

For example: “Starfish” are neither stars nor

fish.

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The study of the evolutionary

relationships among organisms is known

as:

Phylogeny

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What name is given to structures that are similar in structure

but different in function?

Given an example.

Homologous structures

The arm of a human is homologous to the wing

of a bat.

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A structure that is reduced in size, and

seems to be “left over” from a previous

ancestor is called a?

Give an example.

Vestigial structure

Example: The human appendix

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What scientist was the first to attempt

a scientific classification of

living organisms in the 1700’s?

On what did he base his system of

classification?

Carolus Linnaeus

His system was based on structural similarity.

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How many kingdoms were in this early system of classification?

What were these kingdoms?

Linnaeus classified all organisms into two kingdoms: the plant kingdom and

the animal kingdom.

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Name the seven levels of

classification in the system proposed by Linnaeus.

KingdomPhylumClassOrderFamilyGenus

SpeciesBack to Game Board

In the system proposed by

Linnaeus, what is the definition of

a “species”?

Two organisms are placed in the same species when they

can mate and produce fertile offspring.

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When classifying an organism today, what additional information is considered?

Cellular OrganizationEvolutionary RelationshipsBiochemical Similarities

Genetic SimilaritiesEmbryological Similarities

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The system of naming that assigns a scientific name consisting of two

parts.

Binomial Nomenclature

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What are the two parts to the

scientific name?

The scientific name consists of the genus and the species

names.

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In what language is the scientific name written?

Latin

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Describe the way that the

scientific name must be written.

The scientific name must be written in

italics or underlined. The

genus is capitalized and the species is never capitalized.

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What taxonomic level has most recently been added to the 7 levels of classification?

Domains

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Name the three domains.

Domain ArchaebacteriaDomain BacteriaDomain Eukarya

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Name the kingdoms that belong to the

Domain Eukarya.

Kingdom ProtistaKingdom Fungi

Kingdom PlantaeKingdom Animalia

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Which kingdom contains organisms with the following characteristics?

• prokaryotic• unicellular• cell walls do not contain peptidoglycans•very ancient and primitive

KingdomArchaebacteria

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Which kingdom contains organisms with the following characteristics?

• Eukaryotic• Cell walls composed of chitin• No chloroplasts• Heterotrophs

Kingdom Fungi

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Which kingdom contains organisms with the following characteristics?

• Eukaryotic• No cell walls• No chloroplasts• Multicellular• Heterotrophs

KingdomAnimalia

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The thermophiles that live in these cauldrons of boiling water, belong

to which domain and kingdom?

Domain ArchaeaKingdom

Archaebacteria

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These organisms belong to which

domain and kingdom?

Domain EukaryaKingdom Fungi

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These organisms belong to which

domain and kingdom?

Domain EukaryaKingdom Plantae

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These organisms belong to which

domain and kingdom?

Domain EukaryaKingdom Protista

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These organisms belong to which

domain and kingdom?

E. coli Strep

Domain BacteriaKingdom Eubacteria

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