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Inter-University Energy Inter-University Energy and Safety Coalitionand Safety Coalition

Marc Gomez, CIH, CSP, ARM, Interim Assistant Vice Chancellor, Marc Gomez, CIH, CSP, ARM, Interim Assistant Vice Chancellor, Facilities Management / Environmental Health & SafetyFacilities Management / Environmental Health & Safety

Lisa Mahar, Senior Manager, Occupational Health and Safety, Lisa Mahar, Senior Manager, Occupational Health and Safety, EH&SEH&S

Matt Gudorf, LEED-AP, Campus Energy Manager, Facilities Matt Gudorf, LEED-AP, Campus Energy Manager, Facilities ManagementManagement

Meeting AgendaMeeting Agenda Introductions – Getting to know one anotherIntroductions – Getting to know one another Review of Existing Codes Governing Review of Existing Codes Governing

Laboratory VentilationLaboratory Ventilation Challenges to Energy Challenges to Energy

Conservation/SustainabilityConservation/Sustainability UCI Low-Flow (High Performance) Fume UCI Low-Flow (High Performance) Fume

Hood Permanent Variance ApplicationHood Permanent Variance Application Overview of Studies and Variance Application Overview of Studies and Variance Application

ProcessProcess Next Steps – Variance Hearing, Purchase and Next Steps – Variance Hearing, Purchase and

Installation Plan, Expansion of Permanent Installation Plan, Expansion of Permanent Variance within UCI and other UC CampusesVariance within UCI and other UC Campuses

UCOP “Center of Excellence” for Energy UCOP “Center of Excellence” for Energy Conservation and SustainabilityConservation and Sustainability

DiscussionDiscussion

University of California, University of California, IrvineIrvine

Large research universityLarge research university$16M annual utilities budget$16M annual utilities budget

Lab buildings consume 2/3 of campus energyLab buildings consume 2/3 of campus energyMany energy initiatives to reduce carbon Many energy initiatives to reduce carbon

footprintfootprint

Campus Energy $avingsCampus Energy $avingsTeam SynergyTeam Synergy

SafetyManagement

Visionary & Supportive

UpperManagement

Engineers

FacilityManagers

Patience

Supportive Users/Researchers

Balancing Lab Balancing Lab Safety & Safety &

Climate SafetyClimate Safety Create lab buildings that out perform

ASHRAE 90.1 / CA Title 24 by 50%

Combine energy initiatives such as Centralized demand controlled

ventilation (CDCV) Low flow (high performance) fume hoods Reduced building exhaust stack

airspeeds Energy-efficient lighting







UCI “Smart Lab” ConceptUCI “Smart Lab” Concept DiscussionDiscussion








CA Ventilation Code CA Ventilation Code Requirements:Requirements:

Code in Effect Code in Effect Ventilation Ventilation Requirements Requirements

CommentsComments

California California Building Code Building Code 20012001

B Labs:B Labs: 6 ACH 6 ACH

H-8 LabsH-8 Labs: 1 cfm/sf : 1 cfm/sf 12 ft ceiling = 5 12 ft ceiling = 5 ACHACH10 ft ceiling = 6 10 ft ceiling = 6 ACHACH8 ft ceiling = 7.5 8 ft ceiling = 7.5 ACHACH

In effect In effect through through December, December, 20072007Existing Existing ConstructionConstruction

California California MechanicalMechanicalCode 2007Code 2007

B “Research” Labs:B “Research” Labs: 0.43cfm/sf0.43cfm/sf

12 ft ceiling = 3.5 12 ft ceiling = 3.5 ACHACH



B“Science B“Science Classroom”/L (H-8): Classroom”/L (H-8): 1 cfm/sf1 cfm/sf

Effective Effective 1/20081/2008 Refers to Refers to ASHRAE 62.1-ASHRAE 62.1-20042004 New New ConstructionConstruction No category No category for university for university research labsresearch labs

*Need “Alternative Means of Protection” from CA State Fire Marshal for less than *Need “Alternative Means of Protection” from CA State Fire Marshal for less than minimum required ventilationminimum required ventilation








Challenges to Energy Challenges to Energy Conservation and Conservation and

SustainabilitySustainability The inability to reduce fume hood The inability to reduce fume hood

face velocity below 100 fpm (Cal-face velocity below 100 fpm (Cal-OSHA)OSHA)

CBC/CMC Laboratory Ventilation CBC/CMC Laboratory Ventilation RequirementsRequirements

ANSI Z9.5 requirement minimum ANSI Z9.5 requirement minimum fume hood flowfume hood flow

Others?Others?

Question: Is Increased ACH Question: Is Increased ACH Safer?Safer?

“ “Specification of Airflow Rates in Specification of Airflow Rates in Laboratories” by Tom Smith, Exposure Laboratories” by Tom Smith, Exposure Control Technologies, Conclusions: Control Technologies, Conclusions: ACH as a metric for dilution is “too ACH as a metric for dilution is “too

simplistic”.simplistic”. Must consider other factors that lead to Must consider other factors that lead to

exposure, (i.e. contaminant generation rate, exposure, (i.e. contaminant generation rate, air mixing, etc.)air mixing, etc.)

““Increased airflow [may increase] Increased airflow [may increase] contaminant generation and distribution contaminant generation and distribution throughout the space”throughout the space”

May lead to “false sense of safety”May lead to “false sense of safety”

Answer: Not NecessarilyAnswer: Not Necessarily

Alternatives to simply increasing Alternatives to simply increasing ACH: ACH:

Base air exchange rate on contaminant Base air exchange rate on contaminant generationgeneration

Review lab practices Review lab practices Attain proper air mix ratios Attain proper air mix ratios Reduce overall ACH to save energy and Reduce overall ACH to save energy and

increase ACH as needed via “smart increase ACH as needed via “smart controls”controls”








Sash

AirfoilWork

Surface

Exhaust Plenum

Baffle

Increased Hood Depth

Operate safely at lower face velocities (i.e. 70 FPM rather than 100 FPM)

Low Flow (high performance) Low Flow (high performance) Fume HoodsFume Hoods

UCI Low Flow Fume Hood UCI Low Flow Fume Hood Study 2008Study 2008

Both traditional and low flow fume hoods Both traditional and low flow fume hoods were subjected to 168 ASHRAE 110 testswere subjected to 168 ASHRAE 110 tests

Low flow hoods performed better than Low flow hoods performed better than standard hoods at 80 & 100 fpm - fully standard hoods at 80 & 100 fpm - fully open sashopen sash Tracer gas results were well below the Tracer gas results were well below the

0.1ppm “as used” ASHRAE criteria0.1ppm “as used” ASHRAE criteria Low flow hoods save energy, particularly in Low flow hoods save energy, particularly in

constant volume systemsconstant volume systems Low flow hoods may also be a good solution Low flow hoods may also be a good solution

in buildings with limited HVAC capacityin buildings with limited HVAC capacity

Flow & Cost ComparisonFlow & Cost ComparisonHVAC System HVAC System Type and Type and Fume Hood Fume Hood EquipmentEquipment

Flow at 100 fpm Flow at 100 fpm nominal face velocity nominal face velocity Annual Cost at $5 per Annual Cost at $5 per CFMCFM


Flow at 70 fpm Flow at 70 fpm nominal face velocity nominal face velocity

Annual Cost at $5 per Annual Cost at $5 per CFMCFM

Constant Air Constant Air VolumeVolume

900 CFM900 CFM

$4500$4500720 CFM720 CFM

$3600$3600630 CFM630 CFM

$3150$3150

Variable Air Variable Air Volume (VAV)Volume (VAV)

Good: 682 CFM/$3410Good: 682 CFM/$3410

Poor: 851 CFM/$4255Poor: 851 CFM/$4255Good: 568 CFM/$2840Good: 568 CFM/$2840


Poor: 604 CFM/$3020Poor: 604 CFM/$3020

VAV with ZPSVAV with ZPS Good: 492 CFM/$2460Good: 492 CFM/$2460



Poor: 530 CFM/$2650Poor: 530 CFM/$2650

VAV with ASCVAV with ASC 361 CFM361 CFM

$1,805$1,805343 CFM343 CFM

$1,715$1,715335 CFM335 CFM

$1,675$1,675

VAV with VAV with Perfect Sash Perfect Sash ManagementManagement

343 CFM343 CFM

$1,715$1,715331 CFM331 CFM

$1,655$1,655325 CFM325 CFM

$1,625$1,625

Institute of EnvironmentalSciences designation: IES-RP-CC-008-84

Flow & Cost ComparisonFlow & Cost ComparisonHVAC System HVAC System Type and Type and Fume Hood Fume Hood EquipmentEquipment



Flow at 70 fpm Flow at 70 fpm nominal face velocity nominal face velocity

Annual Cost at $5 per Annual Cost at $5 per CFMCFM

Constant Air Constant Air VolumeVolume

900 CFM900 CFM

$4500$4500720 CFM720 CFM

$3600$3600630 CFM630 CFM

$3150$3150

Variable Air Variable Air Volume (VAV)Volume (VAV)

Good: 682 CFM/$3410Good: 682 CFM/$3410



Poor: 604 CFM/$3020Poor: 604 CFM/$3020

VAV with ZPSVAV with ZPS Good: 492 CFM/$2460Good: 492 CFM/$2460



Poor: 530 CFM/$2650Poor: 530 CFM/$2650

VAV with ASCVAV with ASC 361 CFM361 CFM

$1,805$1,805343 CFM343 CFM

$1,715$1,715335 CFM335 CFM

$1,675$1,675

VAV with VAV with Perfect Sash Perfect Sash ManagementManagement

343 CFM343 CFM

$1,715$1,715331 CFM331 CFM

$1,655$1,655325 CFM325 CFM

$1,625$1,625

Study #1 ConclusionsStudy #1 ConclusionsFace Velocity & Sash Face Velocity & Sash

HeightHeight All hoods - performed best at 18” All hoods - performed best at 18”

sash heightsash height All tracer gas results were well under All tracer gas results were well under

0.1ppm “as used” ASHRAE criteria0.1ppm “as used” ASHRAE criteria At 100, 80, and 60 fpmAt 100, 80, and 60 fpm

All low flow hoods performed better All low flow hoods performed better than standard hood at 80 & 100 fpm than standard hood at 80 & 100 fpm full open sashfull open sash

Study #2 – Exposure Study #2 – Exposure MonitoringMonitoring

Low flow fume hoods again passed Low flow fume hoods again passed ASHRAE 110 testsASHRAE 110 tests

ASHRAE 110 Tests Confirmed Findings ASHRAE 110 Tests Confirmed Findings from Study #1from Study #1

All samples were below published Cal-All samples were below published Cal-OSHA limitsOSHA limits








Permanent Variance – Permanent Variance – Next StepsNext Steps

Permanent Variance was requested Permanent Variance was requested for 3 UCI research buildingsfor 3 UCI research buildings

Must make presentation before the Must make presentation before the Cal-OSHA Standards BoardCal-OSHA Standards Board

Awaiting hearing date – make take up Awaiting hearing date – make take up to 1 yearto 1 year

Future plan: Expand permanent Future plan: Expand permanent variance to cover all of UCIvariance to cover all of UCI

Stretch goal: Extend permanent Stretch goal: Extend permanent variance to cover all UC campuses.variance to cover all UC campuses.








Building Exhaust System

Labs w/CDCVreal time lab air monitoring4 ach occupied2 ach unoccupied

Energy efficientlighting

Labs with low flow fume hoods(as appropriate)

Smart Lab Building Smart Lab Building ConceptConcept

Smart Lab ParametersSmart Lab Parameters Current Best Practice Smart Lab Parameters

Air-handler/filtration airspeeds 400 ft/min. max 350 ft/min. max

Total system (supply + exhaust) pressure-drop 6 in. w.g. <5 in. w.g. (incl. dirty filter allow.)

Duct noise attenuators Few None

Occupied lab air-changes/hr. (ACH) 6 ACH 4 ACH w/contaminant sensing

Night air-change setback (unoccupied) No setback 2 ACH w/occupancy + contaminant sensing + no thermal inputs during setbacks

Low-flow/high-performance fume hoods No Yes, where hood density warrants

Fume hood face-velocities 100 FPM 70 FPM (low-flow hoods)

Fume hood face-velocities (unoccupied) 100 FPM 40 FPM (low-flow hoods)

Fume hood auto-closers None Where hood density high

Exhaust stack discharge velocity ~3,500 FPM Reduce or eliminate bypass air, wind responsive controls

Lab illumination power-density 0.9 watt/SF 0 .6 watt/SF w/LED task lighting

Fixtures near windows on daylight sensors No Yes

Energy Star freezers & refrigerators No Yes

Out-perform CA Title 24 20-25% 50%

Bill & Sue Gross HallBill & Sue Gross HallA Smart & Sustainable A Smart & Sustainable

DesignDesign

Gross Hall FeaturesGross Hall Features Centralized Demand Controlled Ventilation - Centralized Demand Controlled Ventilation -

real-time indoor air quality monitoring, varies the real-time indoor air quality monitoring, varies the ventilation rateventilation rate

Occupancy Based Controls -Occupancy Based Controls - controls both controls both ventilation system & lightingventilation system & lighting

Natural VentilationNatural Ventilation -- operable windows linked operable windows linked with mechanical ventilationwith mechanical ventilation

Smart Lighting Controls - Smart Lighting Controls - daylighting sensors daylighting sensors used with perforated blinds used with perforated blinds

Energy Star Equipment - Energy Star Equipment - freezers, refrigerators, freezers, refrigerators, ice machines & copiersice machines & copiers

Air Handling System - Air Handling System - larger air handlers larger air handlers accommodate low pressure-drop filtrationaccommodate low pressure-drop filtration

Building Exhaust - Building Exhaust - right sized exhaust system right sized exhaust system eliminates bypass aireliminates bypass air

Exceeding Title Exceeding Title 2424

Gross Hall Gross Hall ProjectProject

Exceeded Exceeded

Title 24 ByTitle 24 ByTime Time

DependanDependant Valuet Value

As As Submitted Submitted to Utilitiesto Utilities

38%38% TDV Office TDV Office BldgBldg

Using Code Using Code ChillerChiller

50%50% TDV 24/7TDV 24/7

Using UCI Using UCI Central Central Plant with Plant with TESTES

57%57% TDV 24/7TDV 24/7

Estimated annual energy savings:• 890,080 kWh electrical with 193 kW demand

reduction• 22,464 therms of natural gas

Estimated annual energy cost savings:• $110,980 at $0.105/kWh and $0.78/therm

Savings by Design payment of $397,836 Exceeding Title 24 by 50%

Bid as a LEED New Construction (NC) Silver Design Build contractor proposed to increase the sustainable features to achieve LEED NC

Gold certification








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