WELCOME TO THE SEMINAR

ON

By : MARIA ABRAHAM(19093252)

IONTOPHORESIS

Introduction

1 •IONTOPHORESIS: Effective and painless method to deliver medication by electric current.

2 •Delivered dose depends on current flowing and duration

3 •Beneficial treatment for: skin disorders, Herpies lesions, psoriasis etc.

Described by Pivati in 1747.

Galvani and Volta: a) electricity can move different metal ionsb) movements of ions produce electricity

Clinical practice.

Recently its used in combination with laser Doppler technology

Principle of Iontophoresis

External energy source used to increase rate of penetration of drugs through membrane.

When a negatively charged drug is to be delivered across an epithelial barrier which is placed under the negatively charged delivery electrode (cathode) from which it is repelled, to be attracted to the positive electrode placed elsewhere on the body.

In anodal iontophoresis the electrode orientation is reversed .

Circuit Diagram

Factors affecting Iontophoretic transport

• Ionic Strength

4 • Molecular size

3

• Convective or Electro-endo osmotic Transport 5

• Drug concentration 6

• Influence of pH1• Current.2

Optimising iontophoretic transport

Varying applied current density.

pH of the formulation should be optimised.

Before Iontophoresis, carefully clean the skin area to be used with deionised water or preferably 70% alcohol.

IONTOPHORESIS DEVICES

Some of the conditions treated via Iontophoresis

Condition

Ischemic ulcer Ulcers Hyperhydrosis

Local skin anesthesia Infected burn wound Scar tissue

Drug used

Zinc oxide Histamine Poldine methyl sulfate, glycopyrronium bromide, atropine,tap water Lidocaine with epinephrine Penicillin Iodine

Transdermal Iontophoresis

Facilitated transport of drug molecules through skin under the influence of an external field.

Quantity of direct or pulsed current determined by multiplying the surface area by the time of exposure.

This current is then passed between the two electrodes.

Charged drug molecule repelled from active electrode into the skin and then into the systemic circulation.

Tap water iontophoresis

Uses tap water as a medium.

Passes direct current of significant magnitude and duration in to the skin.

Merits

It avoids the risks of infection and skin damage.

It can deliver a greater concentration of medication to a local area than oral medications.

Non-Invasive

Easier

Demerits

Minor reactions such as itching, general irritation of iontophoretic skin surface.

Increased risk of minor reactions if the exposure time or current are increased.

Some drugs induce long-lasting skin pigmentation after iontophoretic application.

Applications

• For treating hyperhydrosis.• Acne scars.• Chickenpox scars.• Pigmentation problems.• Stretchmarks.• Used in Glucowatch.• Anti-inflammatory medications.• Deliver insulin.• Iontophoresis in neurons.

• Blood test

• Iontophoresis for musculo-skeletal inflammation.

• Iontophoresis of fentanyl for the treatment of pain.

• Drug penetration into eye.

Safety rules Be sure that the patients skin sensation is normal.

Do not apply the current over denuded areas.

See that the metal plate of the electrode is evenly covered by the padding.

See that the covering pad is evenly soaked with tap water or saline solution.

Apply electrodes in good contact, with even pressure.

Stigmergy

Fasten the conducting cords securely to the electrodes.

Always advance current gently when starting.

Be sure that the patient understands he is to report undue burning or pain.

If at any time the patient complaints of annoying symptoms decrease the strength of current.

Conclusion

Iontophoresis of fentanyl for cancer pain.

Iontophoresis does not require the placement and maintenance of intravenous access, which is associated with significant side effects.

Holds a lot of promise for the future of drug delivery.

References

www.sweathelp.org www.intota.com American Journal Of Physical Medicine www.seminarsonly.com www.stdpharm.co.uk

THANK YOU

Any queries?