Welcome to The 3rd Welcome to The 3rd Generation Generation

Mobile System Sharing Mobile System Sharing SessionSession

GSM frequency allocations

GSM-900 Uplink Downlink

915 MHz890 MHz 935 MHz 960 MHz

GSM-1800 Uplink Downlink

1785 MHz1710 MHz 1805 MHz 1880 MHz

3G.IP

OHG

Specification Bodies

UMTS

IMT-2000 frequency allocations2200 MHz20001900 1950 2050 2100 21501850

JapanIMT-2000PHS IMT-2000

ITU

Mob

ile

Sate

llit

eIMT-2000 IMT-2000

EuropeUMTS(FDD)DEC

T

UM

TS

(TD

D)

GSM1800 U

MTS

(T

DD

) UMTS(FDD)

USA

PCS

unlic

ense

d

PCSPCS

UM

TS

(TD

D)

IMT-

2000

(T

DD

)

Mob

ile

Sate

llit

e

Mob

ile

Sate

llit

e

Mob

ile

Sate

llit

e

Mob

ile

Sate

llit

e

Mob

ile

Sate

llit

e

Mob

ile

Sate

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e

Mob

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Sate

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e

• GSM evolves to meet new needs with higher data rates.

GSM Evolution to MultimediaData Rates

• EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution)

- ECSD and EGPRS- 3-fold increase in data transfer

capability• GSM data evolution provides

- A natural growth path to WCDMA- An alternative for WCDMA

Throughput in kbit/s per single radio timeslot

0

20

40

60

GSM Data HSCSD GPRS ECSD EGPRS

HSCSD GPRS ECSD EGPRS 9.6-14.4 kbps WCDMA

Americas: GSM

EDGE

China: GSMEDGE,

WCDMA

SEAP: GSMEDGE,

WCDMA

Korea: CDMA

Japan: WCDMA

Europe: GSMEDGE,

WCDMA

3G globally

CDMA theory

Spreading and sharing the same space

ff

ff

User AUser A

User BUser B

DataData Data afterData afterspreadingspreading

PP

PP

TransmissionTransmissionover the airover the air

DespreadDespreadUser A signalUser B signalat the receiverat the receiver

ff

ff

ff ff

P

P

P P

Sharing the frequency by using different codes

Codes

Power (P)

Time

Frequency

Admission Control

R ad io A cce ss B ea re rsin U u Inte rface

S IR - A llo w e d R a n geA d m iss ion C o n tro l

Interference Margin (dB) and Load Factor

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1

Load Factor

Inte

rfere

nce

Mar

gin

(dB)

FactorLoad

LogI_1

110

TRHO_thresholdPrx_target

Prx_target_BS

UL interference power

Load

Planned load area

Marginal load area

planned uplink interference power

Defines the limit (the first UL overload threshold) for the UL interference power, after which the BTSBTS starts its load control actions to prevent overload.

Prx_offset

Uplink Admission Control

Prx_target defines the optimal operating point of the cell interfernce power, up to which the Admission Control of the RNC

can operate.

The restriction of CDMA system is interference

The more transmission poweris required to achieve certain quality

The further away users are connected

The more users that are connected

Finally the capacity is filled

Soft capacity

Equally loaded cells Less load in the neighboring cells

• Because of mobility and traffic variations there can be different loadings in neighboring cells.

• Intelligent RRM can utilize the soft capacity and "borrow the interference limited capacity" from less loaded cells.

The planned coverage is guaranteed in both cases

Enabled by accurate RT load measurements

Where are codes used?

In the Uplink (UE Node B), the user's data and signalling information is

separated by Channelisation Codes

datasignalling

In the Downlink (NodeBUE), cells are

seperated by Scrambling Codes

In the Uplink (UE Node B), terminals are separated by

Scrambling Codes

In the Downlink (Node B UE), user connections are separated by

Channelisation Codes

Dedicated User Channel

Channel Coding

TxRAKE Air interface

Signalling Data

Call set-up,SMS etc.messages

Voice, videoand other user data

Channels

Radio FramingSpreading &

Channelisation

Scrambling

Modulation

Code sets

Prim ary Scram bling Code

Secondary Scram bling C ode #1

Secondary Scram bling C ode #2

Secondary S cram bling C ode #15

C hann elisatio n C od e S et (256 C odes)

C hann elisatio n C od e S et (256 C odes)

C hann elisatio n C od e S et (256 C odes)

C hann elisatio n C od e S et (256 C odes)

Prim ary Scram bling Code

Secondary S cram bling Code #1

Secondary S cram bling Code #2

Secondary Scram bling C ode #15

C hann elisatio n C od e S et (256 C odes)

C hann elisatio n C od e S et (256 C odes)

C hann elisatio n C od e S et (256 C odes)

C hann elisatio n C od e S et (256 C odes)

- 5 12 C ode S ets x 16 S c ra m b lin g C od es = 81 92 C o des n um be re d from 0 .. . 81 9 1 a vailab le

Code Division Multiple Access

Area type Dense Urban

Urban Suburb Rural

Speech 92 93 95 95 %144 kb/s NRT 85 85 85 85 %GSM1800 speech 85 85 85 85 %Cell range 1 1.6 2.3 5.2 km

Factors affecting cell size include:

Frequency band - 2000MHz much higher than GSM networks.

Traffic types - WCDMA user data rates drop off as the user moves further away from the Node B

User levels - Demand for mobile services will increase, leading to much greater user densities

Fast Data Users

Voice and Slow Data

Users

average projected coverage

WCDMA Cell Coverage

HSDPA Release 5

• AMC, adaptative modulation and coding 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation used in good radio link conditions

• Automatic Retransmission Query (ARQ) as error detection mechanism provides efficient retransmissons

• support for services requiring high data rates in downlink, e.g. Internet browsing and video on demand.

• High data rates up to 14Mbit/s

UE FDD power classesWCDMA FDD Power Class

Maximum output power

Tolerance

Power class 1 33dBm (2W) +1dB/-3dBPower class 2 27dBm (0.5W) +1dB/-3dBPower class 3 24dBm (0.25W) +1dB/-3dBPower class 4 21dBm (0.125W ) +/-2dB

Note: The maximum output power of FDD PCs 2 till 4 is smaller compared to GSM because of continuoustransmission instead of non-continuous transmission of GSM. The maximum transmission power determines thecell radius.

UMTS Release 4: GERANCN (Core Network)

circuit switched (cs) domain

packetswitched (ps) domain

3GMSC/VLR

3GSGSN

RNC

Node B

Node B

Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)

IubIu-PS

Uu

BSCBTS

BTS

BSC

Iu-

CS

BSS

Iu-CS

A

2GSGSN

Gb

Iu-PS

Iu-g

Iu-g

Um

Iur-Interface & Soft HandoverCN (Core Network)

circuit switched (cs) domain

packetswitched (ps) domain

3GMSC/VLR

3GSGSN

UTRAN

RNC

Node B

Node B

RNC Radio Network ControllerUE User Equipment = Mobile Equipment (ME) + UMTS SIM (USIM)

RNC

Node B

Node B (RNS)

Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)

Iub

Iub

Iur

Iu-PS

Iu-CS

Uu

UuUE

I can be connected to several cells

simultaneously

Duplication of DL traffic, selection of UL traffic

3G Services and 3G Services and ApplicationsApplications

What is a potential service model?

• Seamless services and applications

• Open environment - separate services from the underlying network

• GSM applications a basis for future applications

• New applications, and more variation of existing services can be added thanks to new capabilities in UMTS/3G

Terminal & USIM

Service Platform

Applications

3G Network

Service Platform

Applications

Content Content

Access Methods:- WCDMA

- GSM900/1800- etc.

Open / Proprietary Interface

Open Interface

UE Node B RNCUu Iub/Iur Iu

Core Network

Application Provider Model• Some applications will be

offered by the operator itself.

• Many applications will be provided by third party providers (either dedicated to the operator, or more independent).

What kind of applications are more likely to be offered by the operator themselves, and what services will be supplied by other providers?

Bearer/Carrier Provider(3G Network)

Application Provider

Content Provider Content Provider Content Provider

Application Provider Application Provider

End-Users

What kind of UMTS applications are envisioned today?

Public video phoning Ticketing services Interactive shopping News & traffic flashes Desktop video

conferencing

Voice recognition & response Interactive & virtual school Universal SIM & credit card Virtual banking Currency downloading Video on demand On-line library & books

Micro-Payment

Transact Transact PIM

ChooseTheatre

MakeBooking

MakePayment

ChooseRestaurant

GetMap

GetTrain

GetBus

FindParking

MakeBooking

MakePayment

Enterin Diary

CreateReminder

CheckAvailability

Entertainment

Common Enabling Layer

Check- location- preferences- diary

Check- Credit Card Details

Check- Fund Availability

Check- Home Location- Preferences- Theatre Location

Travel

Example of multiple services combined