Welcome to Systems Development ACIS 5534/BIT 4524 The Nurnberg Funnel The Lecture (The Sage on the Stage) PowerPoint Lectures Large Lecture Sections Students in Lecture Students in PowerPoint Lectures No Nurnberg Funnel Introduction to Concept Mapping & the Relation Element Theory D.P. Tegarden all materials made available for educational purposes only not to be used for commercial purposes without written permission Why Concept Mapping? Rote Learning (Memorization) vs. Meaningful Learning Learning occurs when new knowledge is added to an existing knowledge structure Knowledge is constructed; NOT discovered Three requirements Relevant prior knowledge Meaningful material Learner must choose to learn meaningfully What is a Concept Map? Tool for organizing and representing knowledge Directed Graph-based Knowledge Representation Concepts a perceived regularity in events or objects, or records of events or objects, designated by a label Propositions (Linking Words) statements about some object or event in the universe, either naturally occurring or constructed contain two or more concepts connected with other words to form a sentence Relation Element Theory Relationship Classifications Class InclusionPart-WholeContrastsSimilarsCase Relationships (AKindOf/HasKinds)(APartOf/HasParts)(OppositeOf)(SimilarTo)(AssociatedWith) PerceptualFunctional ObjectsContradictorySynonymityAgent Actions FunctionalFunctional LocationContraryDimensional SimilarityAgent Instrument StatePlacesDirectionalAttribute SimilarityAgent Object GeographicalOrganizationReverseNecessary AttributionAction Recipient ActivityMeasureAsymmetric ContraryAction Instrument ActionCollectionIncompatibleInvited Attribution IngredientsPseudoantonym Group Relation Element Theory Relationships, Definitions, and Examples Class Inclusion: AKindOf vs. HasKinds Relationships in this classification involve one concept that subsumes the other concept. For example, Horse Animal; Rose Flower; Chair Furniture, Hammer Tool; Polio Disease; Fear Emotion; Chess Game; Theft Crime; Virginia State; Lecture Talk; Fry Cook Part Whole: APartOf vs HasParts Relationships in this classification involve one concept that envelops the other concept. For example, Engine Car; Leaf Tree; Stove Kitchen; Kitchen House; Tree Forest; Blacksburg Virginia; Virginia Tech ACC; Cheese Pizza; Wood Table; Professor Faculty; Second Minute Hour Day Week Month Year Contrasts: OppositeOf Relationships in this classification involve concepts that oppose or contrast each other. For example, Old Young; Happy Sad; Alive Dead; Male Female; Attack Defend; Buy Sell; Front Back; Right Left; Happy Morbid; Hot Cool; Dry Moist; Popular Shy; Believe Deny Similars: SimilarTo Relationships in this classification involve concepts that are similar to each other. For example: Car Auto; Buy Purchase; Smile Laugh; Annoy Torment; Bachelor Unmarried; Tower High; Rake Fork; Painting Movie Case Relationships: AssociatedWith Relationships in this classification involve concepts that use, make, or are described by other concepts. For example, Artist Paint; Dog Barking; Farmer Tractor; Soldier Gun; Baker Bread; Sculpter Clay; Sit Chair; Hunt Prey; Cut Knife; Drink Cup; Food Tasty; Employee Skill