Welcome to Sophomore PE Concepts

BONES & JOINTS

Bones & Joints

Bones are the framework of our body, much like the beams and girders of a building.

Without bones, we wouldn’t be able to walk, stand, run, or even sit… WE”D JUST BE BLOBS!

BONES & JOINTS

There are approximately 206 bones in the Human Body!

Bones provide support for our bodies, but they also help protect our vital organs.

Bones like Ribs Help protect our Heart and Lungs

Bones like the Pelvis help protect our Intestines, bladder and in women, reproductive Organs.

BONES & JOINTS

Most bone starts out as cartilage when we’re born and

is replaced by hard deposits during growth, this is called.…

These hard deposits that make up bone are two substances. They are:

The bones of children and teens are smaller than those of adults and contain growing zones or …

Ossification

Calcium and Collagen

…Growth Plates

BONES & JOINTS

There are two (2) types of bone:

Compact Bone …It’s hard, solid & extremely strong.

and…

Cancellous Bone …It’s the soft, spongy part of the bone (inside)

BONES & JOINTS

Joints occur where two (2) or more bones meet. Without joints, movement would be impossible!

For Instance: The Humerus (upper arm), Radius and Ulna (Forearm) make up the Elbow Joint.

BONES & JOINTS

Bones that make up joints are held together by long , fibrous straps called …

LIGAMENTS! For Instance, look at the ACL. (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) Now, look at the MCL & LCL! (Medial Collateral Ligament) (Lateral Collateral Ligament)

TYPES OF JOINTS

Joints are what allow our bodies to move the way they do! They allow the skeleton to be flexible.

Some Joints are immovable…Like the Skull. While some Joints are only partially movable… …Like the Vertebrae in our backbone. While still other Joints are totally movable… …Like Shoulders, Knees, Ankles, Hips & Elbows! These are also called Synovial Joints because of

the type of Lubricant inside (Synovial Fluid).

TYPES OF JOINTS

So, let’s look at the three (3) kinds of Joints in the Human Body (the Major ones) that move freely…

1. Hinge Joints2. Pivot Joints

3. Ball-and-Socket Joints.

HINGE JOINTS

Hinge Joints allow movement in only one direction…Examples are:

Knees and Elbows

PIVOT JOINTS

Pivot Joints allow rotation or a twisting-type motion… Like your Head moving from side to side.

For Example:

YOUR BACKBONE or VERTEBRAL COLUMN

Ball-and-Socket Joints

Ball-and-Socket Joints allow the greatest movement and mobility. The round end of a long bone fits into the hollow end of another bone.

FOR EXAMPLE:

Hips and Shoulders are Ball-and Socket Joints!

How does a Basketball Game start?

(Hint: The same way overtime starts!)