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Welcome to Physics 321. Electricity and Magnetism. My Name is Brett Fadem. What is Electrodynamics and How Does it Fit Into The General Scheme of Physics?. First, what is the distinction between kinematics and dynamics?. The Distinction between Kinematics and Dynamics. Kinematics - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Welcome to Physics 321
My Name is Brett Fadem
What is Electrodynamics and How Does it Fit
Into The General Scheme of Physics?
First, what is the distinction between kinematics and dynamics?
KinematicsKinematics is the study of motion without regard to the cause. Kinesis is the Greek word for motion.
DynamicsDynamics is the study of the causes of motion. Dunamis is the Greek word for power. We call theCauses of motion, “forces.”
Source: The Dr. Physics Homepage. Please include attributions in your work.
The Distinction between Kinematics and Dynamics.
So, “electrodynamics” is the study of the electric and magnetic causes of motion
(or, electric and magnetic forces).
But what part of physics studies the resulting motion of objects
When acted upon by a force?
Mechanics!
Describe the force and mechanics will tell you how things move.
Newton’s Laws
1st Law
2nd Law
3rd Law
Objects in motion, remain in motion. Objectsat rest remain at rest.
2112 FF
2
2
dt
rdm
dt
pdamF
What do you remember from classical mechanics?
1 2
Relativistic Corrections?
vtxx
yy
zz
tt
)( vtxx
)( 2cvxtt
yy
zz
Galilean Transformations Lorentz Transformations
Special Relativity
vmp
vmp
2
2
1mvKE 2)1( mcKE
2)(1
1
cv
Classical Mechanics Quantum Mechanics
Special Relativity Quantum Field Theory
(Newton: 1642-1727) (Bohr, Heisenberg, Schrodinger, et al.)
(Einstein. 1905 was a big year.)
(Dirac, Pauli, Feynman, Schwinger, et al.)
The Four Forces to Which Mechanics is Applied:
1. Strong
2. Electromagnetic: complete theory in all 4 realms!
3. Weak
4. Gravitational
So, electrodynamics is the study of the electromagnetic force, and
mechanics tells us how a system will behave when subjected to that
force.
Electricity
Magnetism
Weak Force
Strong Force?
Gravity ??
Unification?
Electromagnetism Electroweak
Quantum Chromodynamics “QCD”
“QED”
General Relativity
“In this Course, we are going to focus on classical electromagnetism, that is, electromagnetism in the
context of classical physics.”
Comparison of Strength of Electromagnetic vs. GravitationalForce
221
r
mmGFG
221
04
1
r
qqFEM
2272
211
219
2
212
2
2
2
2
2
2
)1067.1)(1067.6(
)106.1()1085.8(4
1
41
41
KgKgNm
C
NmC
Gm
e
r
mG
re
F
F
p
o
p
o
G
EM
36102.1 G
EM
F
FElectromagnetism is much stronger!
mp=1.67x10-27 Kg
e =1.6x10-19 C
εo=8.85x10-12 C2/(Nm2)
G=6.67x10-11 (Nm2)/Kg2
o
enc
S
QadE
0S adB
dt
dldE
encoIldB
o
E
0 B
t
BE
t
EJB ooo
Maxwell’s Equations
Gauss’s Law
Faraday’s Law
Ampere’s Law
For Each of Maxwell’s Equations, you should have a simple picture
in your mind.
o
enc
S
QadE
Gauss’s Law
Ampere’s Law
encoIldB
dt
dldE
Faraday’s Law
adB
0 E
0 B
t
BE
t
EB oo
)()()( 2
t
BEEE
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
2)(
t
EB
t oo
Maxwell’s Equations in Vacuum
Take the curl of the curl, etc.
2
2
22 1
t
E
cE
And, you know who said, “Let There Be Light!”
The Electric FieldDivergence and Curl of Electrostatic FieldsElectric PotentialWork and Energy in ElectrostaticsConductors
Chapter 1Vector AnalysisVector AnalysisDifferential CalculusIntegral CalculusCurvilinear CoordinatesThe Dirac Delta FunctionThe Theory of Vector Fields
Chapter 2Electrostatics
Chapter 3Special TechniquesLaplace’s EquationThe Method of ImagesSeparation of VariablesMultipole Expansions
Chapter 4Electric Fields in MatterPolarizationThe Field of a Polarized ObjectThe Electric DisplacementLinear Dielectrics
Chapter 5Magnetostatics
The Lorentz Force LawThe Biot Savart LawThe Divergence and Curl of BMagnetic Vector Potential
Chapter 6Magnetic Fields in MatterMagnetizationField of a Magnetized ObjectAuxiliary Field HLinear and Nonlinear Media
Chapter 7 Electrodynamics
Electromotive ForceElectromagnetic InductionMaxwell’s Equations
Introduction to Electrodynamics