Welcome Welcome to Mr. P’s to Mr. P’s

Psychology Psychology Class!Class!

http://spetersopsych.wikispaces.com/

Bell Activity: Day 1Bell Activity: Day 1

Write a short paragraph about yourself. Write a short paragraph about yourself. What are your hobbies and interests? What are your hobbies and interests? Do you work? If so, where? What Do you work? If so, where? What school activities are you involved in? school activities are you involved in? What are your career/education goals What are your career/education goals and future aspirations? Why did you and future aspirations? Why did you sign up to take Psychology? Include sign up to take Psychology? Include anything else you want to share about anything else you want to share about yourself.yourself.

What is Psychology?What is Psychology?

Why Study Why Study Psychology?Psychology?

Bell Activity 1/24/2013

1. What is Psychology?

2. Why should we study Psychology?

Learning Targets: At the end of class, you will be able to-

-Define Psychology

-List the 4 goals of Psychology

-Asses your personality traits

What is Psychology?What is Psychology?

Psychology is the Psychology is the systematic and systematic and

scientific study of scientific study of behavior and mental behavior and mental

processesprocesses

Can be applied to humans Can be applied to humans or animalsor animals

Big QuestionBig Question: Should only : Should only observable behaviors be observable behaviors be studies or should thoughts, studies or should thoughts, feelings and fantasies be feelings and fantasies be studied?studied?

Why Study Why Study Psychology?Psychology?

1. Behavior is complex and is made up of 1. Behavior is complex and is made up of physiological and cognitive elements.physiological and cognitive elements. PhysiologicalPhysiological-- mental state ex. Eating b/c mental state ex. Eating b/c

hungryhungry CognitiveCognitive- mental ex. eating because of stress - mental ex. eating because of stress

or boredom.or boredom. This also includes learned behavior, norms, This also includes learned behavior, norms,

perceptions, culture, emotions etc.perceptions, culture, emotions etc. The question of “why did so-and-so do that”? The question of “why did so-and-so do that”? Behavior can then be broken down and Behavior can then be broken down and

analyzed based on the above analyzed based on the above

Why Study Psychology? Why Study Psychology?

2. 2. InsightInsightBetter understanding of people and selfBetter understanding of people and self

((be careful, you are taking psychology be careful, you are taking psychology and are not a psychologist, don’t try and are not a psychologist, don’t try to analyze or terrorize everyone to analyze or terrorize everyone around you)around you)

You can gain a better understanding of You can gain a better understanding of the complexity and diversity of the complexity and diversity of behavior.behavior.

Why Study Psychology?Why Study Psychology?

3. Practical information3. Practical information Learning concrete ways to carry out Learning concrete ways to carry out

procedures developed by procedures developed by psychologists.psychologists.

ShapingShaping-Using rewards & punishments -Using rewards & punishments (ex. Training a puppy)(ex. Training a puppy)

Mnemonic devicesMnemonic devices-memory aids -memory aids associating items w/something easier associating items w/something easier to remember (ex. to remember (ex. Every Good Boy Every Good Boy Does FineDoes Fine).).

Answer True/False to the Answer True/False to the Following QuestionsFollowing Questions

1.1. The behavior of most lower animals-The behavior of most lower animals-insects, reptiles, amphibians, most insects, reptiles, amphibians, most rodents and birds- is instinctive and rodents and birds- is instinctive and unaffected by learning.unaffected by learning.

2.2. For the first week of life, a baby sees For the first week of life, a baby sees nothing but shades of grays-blue nothing but shades of grays-blue regardless of where he or she looks.regardless of where he or she looks.

3.3. A child learns to talk more quickly if A child learns to talk more quickly if the adults around the child the adults around the child habitually repeat the word he or habitually repeat the word he or she is trying to say, using proper she is trying to say, using proper pronunciation.pronunciation.

4.4. The best way to get a chronically The best way to get a chronically noisy child to settle down and pay noisy child to settle down and pay attention is to punish him or her.attention is to punish him or her.

5.5. Slow learners learn more of what Slow learners learn more of what they learn than fast learnersthey learn than fast learners

6.6. Highly intelligent people (geniuses) Highly intelligent people (geniuses) tend to be physically frail and socially tend to be physically frail and socially isolated.isolated.

7.7. On the average, you can not predict On the average, you can not predict from a person’s grades at school and from a person’s grades at school and college whether he or she will do well college whether he or she will do well in a career.in a career.

8.8. Most stereotypes are completely true.Most stereotypes are completely true.9.9. In small amounts, alcohol can be a In small amounts, alcohol can be a

stimulantstimulant10.10. The largest drug problems in the The largest drug problems in the

U.S.,in terms of number of people U.S.,in terms of number of people affected, is marijuana?affected, is marijuana?

11.11. Psychiatry is a subdivision of PsychologyPsychiatry is a subdivision of Psychology

12.12. Most developmentally disabled people Most developmentally disabled people also have psychological disorders.also have psychological disorders.

13.13. A third or more of the people suffering A third or more of the people suffering from severe psychological disorders are from severe psychological disorders are potentially dangerous.potentially dangerous.

14.14. Electroshock therapy is an outmoded Electroshock therapy is an outmoded technique rarely used in today’s hospitals.technique rarely used in today’s hospitals.

15.15. The more severe the disorder, the more The more severe the disorder, the more intensive the therapy required to cure it; intensive the therapy required to cure it; for example, schizophrenics usually for example, schizophrenics usually respond best to psychoanalysisrespond best to psychoanalysis

16.16. Nearly all the psychological Nearly all the psychological characteristics of men and women characteristics of men and women appear to be inborn; in all cultures, appear to be inborn; in all cultures, for example, women are more for example, women are more emotional and sexually less emotional and sexually less aggressive than men.aggressive than men.

17.17. No reputable psychologist takes No reputable psychologist takes seriously such irrational phenomena seriously such irrational phenomena as ESP, hypnosis, or the bizarre as ESP, hypnosis, or the bizarre mental and physical achievements mental and physical achievements of Eastern yogis.of Eastern yogis.

Psychology Unit 1Psychology Unit 1

What are the What are the Goals of Goals of

Psychology?Psychology?

Goals of PsychologyGoals of Psychology

DescriptionDescription

ExplanationExplanation

PredictionPrediction

InfluenceInfluence

Goals of PsychologyGoals of Psychology

1. 1. DescriptionDescription: Describe or : Describe or gather information about gather information about the behavior being the behavior being studiedstudied

Goals of PsychologyGoals of Psychology2. 2. ExplanationExplanation: Explain why people : Explain why people

behave as they dobehave as they do

-As hypothesis are tested, more complex -As hypothesis are tested, more complex explanations can be formedexplanations can be formed

-Theories formed after extensive testing of -Theories formed after extensive testing of hypothesishypothesis

-Theories change as new data improves -Theories change as new data improves our understandingour understanding

-Good theories cause us to validate or -Good theories cause us to validate or alter principles that help explain and alter principles that help explain and predict observed behaviorpredict observed behavior

Goals of PsychologyGoals of Psychology3. 3. PredictionPrediction: Predict what : Predict what

organisms will do or what organisms will do or what they will think and feel in they will think and feel in various situations.various situations.

-Predict future behaviors by -Predict future behaviors by studying descriptive and studying descriptive and theoretical accounts of past theoretical accounts of past behaviorsbehaviors

Goals of PsychologyGoals of Psychology

4. 4. InfluenceInfluence: Influence behavior in : Influence behavior in positive ways.positive ways.

-Basic Science: Conducting research -Basic Science: Conducting research to find out more about human to find out more about human behavior (find the problem)behavior (find the problem)

-Applied Science: Using principles to -Applied Science: Using principles to solve more immediate problems solve more immediate problems (correct the problem)(correct the problem)

Bell Activity 1/25/2013

1.) What are the four goals of Psychology?

2.) List all of your activities, actions you have taken since you woke up this morning.

Learning Targets: At the end of class you will be able to-

-Define terms from chapter 1

-Describe the approaches to studying Psychology

Apply the approaches to studying Psychology

Scientific Basis for Scientific Basis for PsychologyPsychology

Scientific method: identify problem, hypothesize, collect data (observe & experiment) & analyze data.

Hypothesis: stating what you expect to find in a way that can be proved or disproved.Example: people who have similar opinions on important issues are likely to be attracted to one another.

Application Activity

Apply the four goals of Psychology to explain how a psychologist might approach the following question:

Why are you sitting in psychology class when there are other things you could be doing?

A Brief History of A Brief History of PsychologyPsychology

Brief HistoryBrief History Greeks believed human behavior controlled by Greeks believed human behavior controlled by

our own minds, not by the gods.our own minds, not by the gods. Copernicus: Earth was not center of universe; Copernicus: Earth was not center of universe;

Introduced observation into scientific Introduced observation into scientific experimentsexperiments

Galileo: Used a telescope to verify Copernicus’ Galileo: Used a telescope to verify Copernicus’ ideas; experimentation through observationideas; experimentation through observation

Rene Descartes: “I think therefore I am;” Rene Descartes: “I think therefore I am;” reasoned that the mind and the body influence reasoned that the mind and the body influence each other to create a person’s experiences.each other to create a person’s experiences.

Historical Historical Approaches to Approaches to

PsychologyPsychology

StructuralismStructuralism Study of the of the basic elements of Study of the of the basic elements of

human experiencehuman experience Wilhelm Wundt: established first Wilhelm Wundt: established first

“lab” to study Psychology“lab” to study Psychology Tried to map thought processTried to map thought process Method of introspectionMethod of introspection

(self observation)(self observation)

FunctionalismFunctionalism

Study of how animals Study of how animals and people adapt to and people adapt to their environmentstheir environments

William James “Father of William James “Father of Psychology;” Psychology;” The The Principles of PsychologyPrinciples of Psychology (1890)(1890)

Activities of the mind Activities of the mind help us to survive.help us to survive.

Focus on the functions Focus on the functions of the conscious mind of the conscious mind and the purpose of and the purpose of behaviorsbehaviors

Inheritable TraitsInheritable Traits

Sir Francis GaltonSir Francis Galton Heredity influences Heredity influences

behaviorbehavior Did not consider Did not consider

environment as a environment as a factorfactor

Gestalt PsychologyGestalt Psychology

Wertheimer, Kohler, KoffkaWertheimer, Kohler, Koffka Study of how sensations are Study of how sensations are

assembled into perceptual assembled into perceptual experiencesexperiences

Perception is more than the sum of Perception is more than the sum of it’s parts-involves a whole patternit’s parts-involves a whole pattern

Ex: When you look at a chair, you Ex: When you look at a chair, you don’t see just the legsdon’t see just the legs

Contemporary Contemporary Approaches to the Approaches to the

Study of Study of PsychologyPsychology

Psychoanalytic PsychologyPsychoanalytic Psychology Sigmund FreudSigmund Freud

Primitive biological urges (subconscious) Primitive biological urges (subconscious) beneath the surface that are in conflict with beneath the surface that are in conflict with requirements of society and morality.requirements of society and morality.

Free Association- reveal thought process; Free Association- reveal thought process; patients say anything that comes to mind, patients say anything that comes to mind, then analyzed.then analyzed.

Dream analysisDream analysis Used notes to develop a Used notes to develop a personality theory. personality theory.

BehavioristsBehaviorists Pavlov, Watson, SkinnerPavlov, Watson, Skinner Investigate observable behaviorInvestigate observable behavior All behavior is the result of All behavior is the result of

conditioning and occurs because the conditioning and occurs because the appropriate stimulus is introduced appropriate stimulus is introduced (Watson)(Watson)

Reinforcement; response to desired Reinforcement; response to desired behavior increases likelihood that behavior increases likelihood that behavior will be repeated (Skinner)behavior will be repeated (Skinner)

Pavlov

Watson

Skinner

Behaviorists

HumanistsHumanists

Maslow, Rogers, MayMaslow, Rogers, May Individuals have freedom in directing Individuals have freedom in directing

his or her future and achieving his or her future and achieving personal growth.personal growth.

Cognitive PsychologyCognitive Psychology

Piaget, Chomsky, FestingerPiaget, Chomsky, Festinger Behavior is influenced by variety of Behavior is influenced by variety of

mental processesmental processes Focus on how we process, store and Focus on how we process, store and

retrieve information and how that retrieve information and how that information influences our thinking, information influences our thinking, language, problem solving and language, problem solving and creativitycreativity

Biological PsychologyBiological Psychology

Study how the brain, nervous Study how the brain, nervous system, hormones, and genetics system, hormones, and genetics influence our behaviorinfluence our behavior

Social PsychologySocial Psychology Study of the influence of cultural and Study of the influence of cultural and

ethnic similarities and differences on ethnic similarities and differences on behavior and social functioning.behavior and social functioning.

Ex: How do people react when Ex: How do people react when someone sneezes? How would your someone sneezes? How would your life be different if you were born in life be different if you were born in extreme poverty or extreme wealth?extreme poverty or extreme wealth?

Approaches to Psychology Group Skit

Each group will be assigned one of the approaches we discussed.

You groups will need to develop a skit to demonstrate the approach.

**You can read more about each approach in the textbook (Chapter 1 section 2)

**Everyone in the group must be involved in the skit!

Psychology as a Psychology as a ProfessionProfession

PsychologistPsychologist

Someone trained to observe, Someone trained to observe, analyze and evaluate analyze and evaluate behaviorbehavior

PsychiatristPsychiatrist

Medical doctor who can prescribe Medical doctor who can prescribe medications or operate on patientsmedications or operate on patients

May work with Psychologist to treat a May work with Psychologist to treat a patientpatient

Specialty FieldsSpecialty Fields Clinical PsychologistClinical Psychologist: psychotherapists, : psychotherapists,

dealing with personal problems (mental dealing with personal problems (mental hospitals, private offices, prisons etc.)hospitals, private offices, prisons etc.)

Educational Psychologist: Educational Psychologist: teaching teaching children & young adults (intelligence, children & young adults (intelligence, memory, problem solving, motivation, memory, problem solving, motivation, teaching methods etc..teaching methods etc..

Industrial/PsychologistIndustrial/Psychologist: study and develop : study and develop ways to improve production, working ways to improve production, working conditions, job placement, training people.conditions, job placement, training people.

Specialty FieldsSpecialty Fields Community PsychologistCommunity Psychologist: Mental : Mental

health or social welfare agency; design, health or social welfare agency; design, run, evaluate mental health clinicsrun, evaluate mental health clinics

Developmental PsychologistsDevelopmental Psychologists: Study : Study physical, emotional, cognitive and social physical, emotional, cognitive and social changes throughout lifechanges throughout life

Experimental PsychologistsExperimental Psychologists: Perform : Perform research to understand behaviorresearch to understand behavior