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who am I ?Mike Rosenman
where am I ?Room 279
contact ?Ph: 9351 5933 Fax: 9351 3031
Email: [email protected]://www.arch.usyd.edu.au/~mike
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web
http://www.arch.usyd.edu.au/~mike
• BDes Year 1 - Design Studies - Structures
• Course Material
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texts
Cowan H. J., Gunaratnam D. and Wilson F. (1995). Structural Systems, Dept of Arch and Design Science, University of Sydney
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Building Principle Notes (on web)
course objectives● introduce concepts of structure
in architecture
● introduce some simple building structural systems
● introduce the structural use of materials
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course outcomes
● an understanding of the physical properties and behaviour of materials
● an understanding of the forces acting on buildings and the way structures respond to these forces
● the ability to analyse and design simple structural systems
● a familiarity with different simple structural systems
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assessment
● labs & reports x 3 (1 + 2)
● assignment (sem 1)
● work sheets x 8 (sem 2)
MASTERY TASKS
SUMMATIVE
FORMATIVE
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● test (sem 2)
why learn structures?
● not to make you structural engineers
● better designers
● able to communicate with structural engineers
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what’s it all about ?
● preventing gross errors
● making intelligent decisions regarding
● selection of structural system
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● selection & sizing of members
229. If a builder build a house for some one, and does not
construct it properly, and the house which he built fall
in and kill its owner, then that builder shall be put to
death.
230. If it kill the son of the owner the son of that builder shall
be put to death.
231. If it kill a slave of the owner, then he shall pay slave for
slave to the owner of the house.
232. If it ruin goods, he shall make compensation for all that
has been ruined, and inasmuch as he did not construct
properly this house which he built and it fell, he shall re-
erect the house from his own means.
233. If a builder build a house for some one, even though he
has not yet completed it; if then the walls seem toppling,
the builder must make the walls solid from his own
means.
code of Hammurabi
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nature of structure a building is a balancing act
human space does not exist until enclosed by structure
enclosure of space
resistance of structure vs
forces of nature
TRUCTUR
S E
function of structure
● to resist all the forces (loads) acting on the building
● to transfer them to supports (the ground)
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3 main considerations
Stability - equilibrium building must not move - up, sideways or overturn all forces and moments must balance
Strength building must not break / collapse
Stiffness - functionality building must continue to serve its purpose must not deform too much
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designing structures
no right answer
larger the enclosed space - more need for structural efficiency
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little skill required to designbuilding which will stand up
Structural Analysis & Design
analyse a structure
design a structure
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given a structure, determine whether it is satisfactory
given some requirements, come up with a structure that satisfies those requirements
Design
what is the answer?
how to achieve required properties?
that is the question
suitable arrangementof suitable elements
= structure
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Considerations modes of failure
a) stiffness - functional
b) stability
• didn’t allow for unsymmetrical loads
c) strength
• didn’t allow object through before or after
• deformations too large
• mechanism not structure • led to collapse through toppling, overturning
• elements broke
• bending of beams, buckling of supports
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Knowledge Required
loads and supports types - load paths
beams, trusses, arches, cables,
types of structures
precedents bridges, bookshelves, floors, roofs, ….
actions and reactions
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Knowledge Required (cont.)
equilibrium / stability moments - types of joints - topology
modes of failure compression, tension, bending, shear, buckling
material behaviour stress and strain
section properties shape and size
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Designing the Structure
same as any act of designing
select suitable elements
locate elements
provide necessary relationships
achieve required performance
overall system
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http://www.structurae.net/structures
W. H. Smith (1980). The world’s Great Architecture, Hamlyn, London
Vickers G. (1998). Key Moments in Architecture, Hamlyn, London
images from
why
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make certain decisions?
what is the functionality?
why this form?
why this system and materials?
why these sizes?