D-Lab: EnergyWelcome to

1

WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS:

ENERGY

[all numbers from the World Bank WDI website]2

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Nica Haiti UAE USA China D.R. Congo

Population (millions)

surface area (sq km 10000)

1,000 people/100 sq km

3

GNI per capita, Atlas method, US$

50000

45000 41853

40000

35000

30000

25000

19270 20000

15000

10000 4346 5000

900 517 117 0

Nica Haiti UAE USA China D.R. Congo

_

4

GNI per capita, Atlas method, US$

50000

45000 41853

40000

35000

30000

25000

19270 20000

15000

10000 4346 5000

900 517 117 0

Nica Haiti UAE USA China D.R. Congo 5

77

56

100 99

80

45

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Nica Haiti UAE USA China D.R. Congo

Improved water source (% access) .

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

6

Improved water source (% access) 100 99

100

90 80

80 77

70

60 56

50 45

40

30

20

10

0 Nica Haiti UAE USA China D.R. Congo

7

improved sanitation (% urban access)

100 98 100

90

80 69

70

60 57

50 45 38 40

30

20

10

0 Nica Haiti UAE USA China D.R. Congo

8

improved sanitation (% urban access)

100 98 100

90

80 69

70

60 57

50 45 38 40

30

20

10

0 Nica Haiti UAE USA China D.R. Congo

9

Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)

12000 11000

10000

8000 8000

6000

4000

2000 1000

600 240 290

0 Nica Haiti UAE USA China D.R. Congo

10

Energy use (kg of oil equivalent per capita)

12000 11000

10000

8000 8000

6000

4000

2000 1000

600 240 290

0 Nica Haiti UAE USA China D.R. Congo

11

CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita)

35

30.0 30

25

20.0 20

15

10

5 4.0

0.7 0.2 0.0 0

Nica Haiti UAE USA China D.R. Congo

12

CO2 emissions (metric tons per capita)

35

30.0 30

25

20.0 20

15

10

5 4.0

0.7 0.2 0.0 0

Nica Haiti UAE USA China D.R. Congo

13

Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)

16000

14000 14000

12000 12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000 1500 400 36 90

0 Nica Haiti UAE USA China D.R. Congo

14

Electric power consumption (kWh per capita)

16000

14000 14000

12000 12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000 1500 400 36 90

0 Nica Haiti UAE USA China D.R. Congo

15

mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 ppl)

250

209

200

150

110

100 89 72

54 48 44 50 39 34 30 20 14

2 5 7 5 1 0 0

Nica Haiti UAE USA China D.R. Congo

2000 2005 2008

16

mobile cellular subscriptions (per 100 ppl)

250

209

200

150

110

100 89 72

54 48 44 50 39 34 30 20 14

2 5 7 5 1 0 0

Nica Haiti UAE USA China D.R. Congo

2000 2005 2008

17

internet users (per 100 ppl)

100

90 86.1

80 72 70

70

60

50 44

40 32.2

30 23.6 22.5 20

8.6 10 6.5 2.6 1 1.8 0.2 0 0.2 0.5

0 Nica Haiti UAE USA China D.R. Congo

2000

2005

2008

18

internet users (per 100 ppl)

100

90 86.1

80 72 70

70

60

50 44

40 32.2

30 23.6 22.5 20

8.6 10 6.5 2.6 1 1.8 0.2 0 0.2 0.5

0 Nica Haiti UAE USA China D.R. Congo

2000

2005

2008

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TAKEAWAYS?

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[NASA]21

Public domain image (source: NASA).

2013: 3% oil

renewable energy sources: wind (coast)geothermal (volcanoes)hydro (rivers)solar (equator)ethanol (sugarcane)

30-70%

22

Public domain image (source: U.S. CIA).

ENERGY 101

[much content from Saul Griffith]23

24

Courtesy of Saul Griffith. Used with permission.

25Courtesy of Saul Griffith. Used with permission.

26

Courtesy of Prof. Cutler J. Cleveland. Used with permission.

UNITS CHECK-INpair up with someone you don’t know

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WHAT IS ENERGY?

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ENERGY

29

Courtesy of Saul Griffith. Used with permission.

WHAT IS POWER

30

POWER

31Courtesy of Saul Griffith. Used with permission.

60

32

Courtesy of Saul Griffith. Used with permission.

33

Courtesy of Saul Griffith. Used with permission.

V=IR

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V=IR

P=VI

35

V=IR

P=VI

• Easy book: Practical Electronics for Inventors, Paul Scherz

• Not Easy But Comprehensive Book: Horowitz & Hill, Art of Electronics

36

ESTIMATION

[much content from Ben Linder]37

Estimate the energy stored in a new 9V battery

38

© Procter & Gamble. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our CreativeCommons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/fairuse.

WHY ESTIMATION?

• look, no be, smart in technical meetings

• gut check your own work and other’s

• save time & money

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WHY DOES ESTIMATION FEEL SO HARD?

• used to p-sets (right answer)

• used to books and lectures and quizzes (defined realms)

• no resources beyond your brain

• in public, little warning, little time

• open-ended, ill-defined

• multiple acceptable methods and answers

• significant uncertainty

• balanced knowledge of values, quantities, relationships, & things (not just relationships) 40

EFFECTIVE ESTIMATION ACTIONS

• identify a problem system

• identify a quantity with a system

• provide a value for a quantity also, practice!

• count a set of things

• compare two systems for a quantity

• identify a relationship between quantities

• change a system scope

• identify a similar system41

Estimate the drag force on a bicycle and rider traveling at 20 mph (9 m/s)

42

Public domain image (source: Wikimedia Commons).

10 minute break!

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in teams of 2:

how high can a D-cell lift you?

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© Procter & Gamble. All rights reserved. This content is excluded from our CreativeCommons license. For more information, see http://ocw.mit.edu/fairuse.

ATLAS Devices powered rope ascender

350 lbs 850 ft, up to 10 ft/sec

45

Courtesy of Nathan Ball. Used with permission.

Courtesy of Lemelson/MIT Program.Used with permission.

FINALLY D-LAB ENERGY

INTRO

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BY 11AM TO MO RROW1. com plet e online st udent pr o le

2. D I Y L ant er n

Using the g iven LED (3.6V, 20mAH) and 9V battery provided in class , a resistor from the Edgerton Center Projects Lab

, and found materials, construct a lantern. The lantern

should be able to turn on and off.

Tip for choosing the resistor: while picking an appropriate resistor in the right ballpark is important, the exact value is not critical. If you can't nd the exact value you need, nd something within 10-15%.

Gra ding cr iter ia :functionality (lights, easy to “ gure out the switch)aesthetics -- does it look goodcreative use of materialsmaximizing light

Bring the lantern to Room E34-211 and place it on a desk on piece of paper with your name, a very quick sketch of your device, and an explanation - including formula - of how you chose the resistor and what value you used.

Results of lottery:You’ll have an email

by 11:59 pm Thursday

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fi

fi fi

Fi

HomeworkR eadingPoor People s Energy O utlook, 2010 by Practical Action

http://www.practicalaction.org/energy-advocacy/ppeo-report-poor-peoples-energy-outlook

read from start to top of p. 38, pp. 50-54, pp. 55-61

write a reaction piece

P S E T 11. Speci c Energies of Fuels2. Shower Estimation

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’

fi

Muddy Cards!

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D-Lab: Energy

Friday Lab: Human Power

Next Class: Energy Storage & Micro Grids and trip discussion

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MIT OpenCourseWarehttp://ocw.mit.edu

EC.711 D-Lab: Energy Spring 2011

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