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Welcome to Biology 101Human Anatomy & Physiology I

A tour through the Visible Human (National Library of Medicine)…

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Please be sure you initialed the attendance sheet! You should do this each time you come to lecture.

General Information

• Who am I?– Greg Erianne, Ph.D.

– Office SH 205

– See Course Policies for Office Hours

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– E-mail - CCM: gerianne@ccm.edu

– Telephone; 973-328-5377 (voice mail)

Marieb’s HumanAnatomy and Physiology

Ninth Edition

Marieb Hoehn

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Chapter 1The Human Body:

An OrientationLecture 1

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Course Web Sites• Our Web sites for this class are located at:

– http://www.gserianne.com/science/GerianneBio101 (Main)• Announcements (VERY IMPORTANT TO LOOK AT FREQUENTLY!)• Syllabus and all lecture/lab schedules• Lecture and Lab slides used in class (ppt and pdf formats)• Supplementary online materials for Lecture and Lab• Lecture and Lab Exam Study Guides• Links to many other sites including McGraw Hill Publisher’s Web site

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• Extra credit assignments– http://courses.ccm.edu (Blackboard Learn; Secondary)

• You will need your student ID and password for the Blackboard (BB) site• This BB site will be used ONLY grades and grade-related things

– http://masteringaandp.com (from Pearson Science)• You will need the course ID and have to register if you haven’t been to this site

before• Lots of resources to use for A&P I – take advantage of it!

– Printing slides and other materials (see email I sent)

Overview of Today’s Lecture

• Course Web sites and Publisher Web site

• Course Description/Textbook/Lab Book

• Course Objectives and Syllabus Review

• Blueprint for success

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• Organization of the Human Body

• Characteristics of Life

• Homeostasis

• Anatomical Terminology

Textbook/Laboratory Manual

• Course Description– Lecture / discussion format

• Lectures will follow Marieb’s Human Anatomy and Physiology, 9th edition closely

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y

– Figures used for class

– Laboratory• Marieb’s Laboratory Manual, 10th

edition

– Reading assignments should be done BEFORE you come to class/lab

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Major objectives of this course

• In general, you will…– Master the objectives listed in the Study Guides

– Develop a further mastery of scientific/biomedical terminology

F th d l bilit t thi k l i ll d

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– Further develop your ability to think logically and critically

• Let’s review the syllabus, policies, and handouts…

Blueprint for Success

• Most importantly…– Skim your textbook BEFORE lecture and make notes– Take notes in your own words and become mentally involved

during lecture; review/rewrite your notes after lecture– Ask questions if you don’t understand– Continually review previously learned material

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– Use all the study aids available to you– ***Before taking the exam, you should be able to take a

BLANK study guide and answer all the questions WITHOUT YOUR NOTES!!!!

• **See the Suggested Study Method on Web gserianne.com Web site – Please review this!!!

• **Be sure to print slides/materials if you want them for class/lab – make a schedule for yourself

Anatomy – study of structure- Gross anatomy – macroscopic (types?)- Cytology (microanatomy) – cells- Histology (microanatomy) – tissues

Overview of Anatomy and Physiology

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Physiology – study of function- Specialized, e.g., neuro-, cellular-, patho-- Comparative physiology

Structure is always related to function; if structure changes, function changes

What’s this red stuff all about, anyway?

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How Structure Determines Function

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Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Levels of Organization

Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

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Important Definitions of Organizational Terms

• Cell – The basic unit of biological structure and function (what is a ‘basic unit’ of something?)

• Tissues – A group of cells working together to perform one or more specific functions

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• Organs – Two or more tissues working in combination to perform several functions

• Organ System – Interaction of organs functioning closely together

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Movement – change in position; motion

Responsiveness – reaction to a change

Characteristics of Life

What makes something ‘alive’, or living?

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Growth – increase in size or cell number

Respiration – obtaining oxygen; removing carbon dioxide; releasing energy from foods

Reproduction – production of new organisms and new cells

Absorption – passage of substances through membranes and into body fluids

Assimilation – changing of absorbed substances into

Digestion – breakdown of food substances

Characteristics of Life (cont’d)

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Circulation – movement of substances in body fluids

Assimilation changing of absorbed substances into different substances

Excretion – removal of wastes

Water- most abundant substance in body (60-80% of BW)- required for metabolic processes- required for transport- regulates body temperature

Requirements of Organisms

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Food- supplies energy- supplies raw materials to build/replace body components

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Oxygen- one-fifth of air- used to release energy from nutrients

Heatf f

Requirements of Organisms (cont’d)

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- form of energy- partly controls rate of metabolic reactions

Pressure- atmospheric pressure – important for breathing- hydrostatic pressure – keeps blood flowing

General Function of Organ Systems

A&P I A&P II

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Organ Systems – Integument and Skeletal

Be able to identify the organ systems of the human body and their major components; describe the major

18Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

describe the majorfunctions of each organ system (See Figure 1.3 in Marieb)

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Organ Systems – Muscular and Nervous

19Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Rapidly-acting, short-term control

(Skeletal muscle shown)

Organ Systems – Endocrine and Cardiovascular

20Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Slower-acting, longer-term control (compared to nervous system)

Organ Systems – Lymphatic and Respiratory

21Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

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Organ Systems – Digestive and Urinary

22Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Organ Systems – Reproductive

23Figure from Martini, Anatomy & Physiology, Prentice Hall, 2001

Body’s maintenance of a stable internal environment**Absence of homeostasis = DISEASE

Homeostatic Mechanisms it t f th

Homeostasis

A CRITICAL (and very testable) concept in physiology

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Homeostatic Mechanisms – monitor aspects of the internal environment and corrects any changes

•Receptors - provide information about environment•Control center - tells what a particular value should be•Effectors - causes responses to change internal environment

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Homeostasis

The 70 trillion cells in our bodies surround themselves with their own environment. This is the environment that must

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remain stable despite changes outside.

Major goal of homeostasis is to keep the interstitial fluid consistent

(Interstitial fluid)

Homeostasis

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Negative feedback – deviation from set point progressively lessens

Positive feedback – deviation from set point gets progressively greater

Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Homeostasis

• Remember that homeostasis does NOT mean constant!– Continual variations occur in body systems– Gives rise to ‘normal ranges’ (See Appendix B)

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• Examples of negative feedback (most things)– Temperature regulation, blood pressure, blood

glucose levels

• Examples of positive feedback– Blood clotting, milk production, uterine contraction

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Homeostatic Mechanisms

Notice that this occurs in a ONE WAY

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ONE-WAY circuit.

Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th

edition, 2010

Homeostatic Mechanisms (cont’d)

Notice that this occurs in a Know the normal

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ONE-WAY circuit.

Know the normal temperature of the body

Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Thoracic Membranes•Visceral pleura

Visceral layer – covers an organParietal layer – lines a cavity or body wall

Abdominopelvic Membranes•Visceral peritoneum

Serous Membranes

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•Parietal pleura•Visceral pericardium•Parietal pericardium

•Parietal peritoneum

Serous fluid – thin, watery, slippery fluid typically separating serous membranes

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Serous Membranes

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Be able to label ALL parts of this diagram; (What system is each organ a part of?)

Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th edition, 2010

Serous Membranes

Be able to label ALL parts of this diagram (What system is each organ a part of?)

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Figure from: Hole’s Human A&P, 12th

edition, 2010

Review

• Anatomy = structure; physiology = function

• Structure determines function

Th h b d ( lti ll l i )

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• The human body (multicellular organisms) can be organized in increasing levels of complexity– Atom, molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system

• The eleven organ systems of the body function to maintain homeostasis

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Review

• Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable (NOT CONSTANT!) internal environment– Requires: receptor(s), control center, and effector(s)

– Typically uses a negative feedback mechanism

• Body cavities are lined by serous membranes

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• Body cavities are lined by serous membranes– Visceral

– Parietal

• Cross (transverse) sections through the thorax or abdomen can provide lots of information about the relative position of organs within the body cavities.

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