Upload
claud-townsend
View
219
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Anatomy vs. Physiology
• Study of the structures of the body
– Includes study of cells, tissues, organs and gross anatomy.
• The study of how the body works.
– Often specialized by system.
Structure and function
The way a structure is built is directly related to way it operates
Examples:--Muscle cells Neurons--Villi Arteries--Hand Eye
Systems (Can you name 11 body systems?)
1. Integumentary
2. Skeletal
3. Muscular
4. Nervous
5. Endocrine
6. Cardiovascular
7. Lymphatic
8. Respiratory
9. Digestive
10. Urinary
11. Reproductive
Characteristics of living things
• (Yeah, I know. You studied this already in biology. Study it again.)
Characteristics of living things
All human bodies show:1. Maintaining boundaries2. Movement3. Responsiveness4. Digestion5. Metabolism6. Excretion7. Reproduction8. Growth
Homeostasis
• The process of maintaining stable body conditions regardless of the changes in the outside world.
– What are 2 examples of homeostasis?
Homeostasis
• The process of maintaining stable body conditions.
– Ex.// sweating or shivering to maintain body temperature.
– Hunger encourages you to eat.
Sensor
Effector
Effector
If the stimulus is too high
If the stimulus is too low
Response lowers it
Response raises it
Negative feedback
The Anatomical Position
Standing
Head facing forward
Arms at sides
Palms facing forward, thumbs out
Feet shoulder length apart
Feet flat
Directions
• Lateral/medial• Anterior/posterior (ventral/ dorsal)• Superior/inferior• Proximal/distal• Superficial/profound (deep)
• (cephalic or cranial /caudal—used more with 4-footed animals)
Anterior• Abdominal Antecubital • Axillary Brachial • Carpal Cervical • Crural Digital • Femoral Inguinal • Facial Patellar • Pectoral Pubic • Sternal Tarsal • Thoracic Umbilical
Posterior• Deltoid Gluteal • Lumbar Occipital • Plantar Popliteal• Sacral Scapular• Vertebral
Body Regions
Sections (cont’d)
…OR they might be labeled…
• Median = midsaggital
• Frontal = coronal
• Cross section = transverse
There are a lot of organs in the abdominal region.
• You may use either a 4 quadrant system or a 9 region system to describe the locations
Translation Guide
epigastric hypogastric hypochondriac
“above” “stomach” “below” “cartilage”
(referring to the lower ribs)
Nine-region system
9 Abdominopelvic Regions
• Umbilical• Epigastric• Hypogastric• Right and left iliac
or inguinal• Right and left
lumbar• Right and left
hypochondriac
Figure 1–7b
9 Abdominopelvic Regions
• Umbilical• Epigastric• Hypogastric• Right and left iliac
or inguinal• Right and left
lumbar• Right and left
hypochondriac
Figure 1–7b
9 Abdominopelvic Regions
• Umbilical• Epigastric• Hypogastric• Right and left iliac
or inguinal• Right and left
lumbar• Right and left
hypochondriac
Figure 1–7b
9 Abdominopelvic Regions
• Umbilical• Epigastric• Hypogastric• Right and left iliac
or inguinal• Right and left
lumbar• Right and left
hypochondriac
Figure 1–7b
9 Abdominopelvic Regions
• Umbilical• Epigastric• Hypogastric• Right and left iliac
or inguinal• Right and left
lumbar• Right and left
hypochondriac
Figure 1–7b
9 Abdominopelvic Regions
• Umbilical• Epigastric• Hypogastric• Right and left iliac
or inguinal• Right and left
lumbar• Right and left
hypochondriac
Figure 1–7b
Cavities
• Two types:1. Dorsal
1. Spinal
2. Cranial
2. Ventral1. Thoracic (includes mediastinum)
2. Abdominal (or abdominopelvic)
Cavities
• Two types:1. Dorsal
1. Spinal
2. Cranial
2. Ventral1. Thoracic (includes mediastinum)
2. Abdominal (or abdominopelvic)
Lined with membranes called meninges
Membranes are called pleura
Membranes are called peritoneum
Cavities
• Two types:1. Dorsal
1. Spinal
2. Cranial
2. Ventral1. Thoracic (includes mediastinum)
2. Abdominal (or abdominopelvic)
Contains the brain and spinal cord
Contains lung and heart
Contains digestive organs, among others