Welcome Back! Happy New Year!3rd period Exam: Thursday, 1/15

• Warm Up:– In your assigned group, complete

the review puzzles in the envelopes. • Each puzzle is the same color.• Match terms to definitions; remember

that border pieces have no match

• REVIEW PACKETS DUE THURSDAY!• Today’s Plan:

– Puzzles– Unit 1 Structured Review – Packet Time– Quiz / Kahoot

• Review Groups (sit as assigned please):

1. Christian, Brandon, Tyrik2. Daniel, Reggie, Mariah3. Juan, Nashanda, Tim4. Aaron, J. Scarborough, Tahj5. Best, J. Smith, Jeaven6. Jess, Keem, Guillermo7. Adella, Shamod, Mali8. Devin, Salenceo, Tahjir9. Skyler H., Isaiah10. Kelsha, Simone

Regarding Review Packets & Grades

1. Thursday at 11:16am – you will earn a zero if I haven’t seen your packet.

– COULD RAISE A (depends on each student’s situation though):

• 54 to a 68• 68 to a 73• 80 to an 83

– could drop a:• 96% to a 73%• 81% to a 64%

STUDY RESOURCES:– The packets I gave with info filled in– My website www.mrggcivics.weebly.com

• Notes and materials for each unit• “Exam prep” tab has materials (packets) and

jeopardy review games

• Late work deadline was before the break. – If you have a

zero on an essay or major project, turn it in and I’ll provide 3/5 credit.

Upcoming Schedule• Friday – 2nd Period B Day Exams

– 2nd period 7:30-9:30am– 4th period: 9:36-10:36– 3rd period & lunch– 1st period: 1:00-2:30

• Mon June 1: 1st Period Exam 7:30-11:30am– Lunch with 2nd period– 3rd period review: 1:36-2:30

• Tues 6/2– 3rd period B Day exam– 7:30-9:30 – 3rd period review (for us)– 9:36-10:36 – 1st period– LUNCH with 4th period– 2nd period: 1:00-2:30

• Wed 6/3: 2nd period Exams: 7:30-11:30am– Lunch with 3rd period– 4th period review: 1:36-2:30

• Thurs 6/4: 4th period B day exam– 7:30-9:30 – 4th period review – 9:36-10:36 – 2nd period– LUNCH with 1st period– 3rd period: 1:00-2:30 (our FINAL REVIEW SESSION!)

• Fri 6/5: CIVICS & ECONOMICS FINAL EXAM– 7:30-11:30am

• Mon 6/8 – 1st period B day Exams• Tue 6/9 – 4th period Final Exam

• Make Ups:– Miss Friday, make it up Monday– Miss Monday, make it up Tuesday,– Etc.

• NO RETAKES• No exemptions

• EXAM GUIDELINES– No electronics – either don’t bring them or be ready to place them

in zip locks with your phones OFF. – You will be permitted to take an exam without proving to me that

your phone is off and stowed.

• C&E Exam Format– 120 minute testing period– 41 multiple choice– 2 Constructed Response (written) questions

• Exam Content:– About 50% Economics & 50% civics– All testing is ONLINE, including written section

Social Contract Theory

• Main idea: – people give power to a government in exchange

for protection and security• Key philosophers:

– Thomas Hobbes – all government that keeps order is good

– John Locke – ALL PEOPLE HAVE “NATURAL RIGHTS” & governments must protect those rights

• natural rights – life, liberty, property

Forms of GovernmentAuthoritarian1. Monarchies – Ruled by a king

or emperor– Absolute Monarchy: King has

total power/control– Constitutional monarchy

• Kings power is limited

2. Dictatorships – ruled by single leader or small group– Relies on use or threat of

military force to maintain order and control

– Dictator’s often take over a government through force (a COUP)

Power & Government

• Democracy – people are the source of power

• Dictatorship – ruler is the source of power

• Monarchy – divine right: God gives the king the right to rule

Two Types of DemocraciesDirect versus Representative

Direct Democracy ~ all citizens meet to debate government matters and vote first-hand– Direct democracy originated in Athens, Greece over

2500 years ago

Republic / Representative Democracy ~ citizens choose a smaller group to represent them, make laws, and govern on their behalf, but people remain the source of authority

Textbook p. 10

Other Government Systems

• Anarchy – self rule (no government at all)• Monarchy – rule by one person (king, emperor,

etc.)• Oligarchy – rule by a few people or small group• Plutocracy – rule by the wealthy

Key principles of American Government

1. popular sovereignty – the idea that a government’s power comes from its people

– Governments must have “consent of the governed” to rule2. Limited Government – no government should be all powerful

– Separation of powers3. Rule of Law – no one is above the law; we have no king; laws, not

people, govern the nation4. Individual Rights – all people have rights & government must

respect and protect them5. Representative government

• People believed they had a right to choosing their leaders• Citizens should have the right to vote

Mayflower Compact

• Agreement signed by Pilgrims while on their voyage to America– First written agreement to create self government– Pilgrims agreed to work together, follow their own

laws, and set up their own governance structure

Colonists Want to Govern Themselves

• Second Continental Congress (1776)– Signs the Declaration of Independence

• Written by Thomas Jefferson• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A_56cZGRMx4

– Adopts ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION• First attempt at creating an American Government

Declaration of Independence“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created

equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. That to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. That whenever any form of government becomes destructive to these ends, it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness.

Loyalists & Patriots

• Loyalists (aka Torries)– Loyal to the King– Opposed independence– Wanted peace– Thought the colonies

would lose a war– Valued the protection of

the British Navy– (some had trade

relationships with Britain)

• Patriots – Supported Revolution– Wanted self rule– “no taxation without

representation”– Did not think of

themselves as British

It’s only Common Sense

• Thomas Paine writes famous pamphlet Common Sense to argue for independence from England

Federalism & James Madison

• James Madison (from VA) – works to convince people that the Articles are so bad we need to start from scratch

• Madison proposes FEDERALISM – Federalism – system of government in which several

states join together and agree to all be ruled by a central authority that can maintain order and stability

• Central government is more powerful than the states• No state is more powerful than any other

Federalism• Federalism – government system in which power is

shared between separately elected governments at the local, state, and national levels– The question is: which level of government has how much

power, and how are these powers balanced?

What IS a “constitution”

• Constitution – a written plan that sets up the government– Gives government power– Sets limits for government power– Describes how laws will be made

Great/CT Compromise

• Created Bi-cameral legislature with 2 houses– Upper House: The Senate

• all states are equal; 2 vote for every state– Lower House: House of Representatives

• Based on population; more populous states have more votes

Checks & Balances

• All delegates agreed that power should be divided between the 3 branches of government– Each branch has some power over the other two

branches– This keeps one branch from getting too much

power

The 3/5 Compromise

• Agreement to count slaves as 3/5 of a free person– Southern slave owners do pay some taxes on their

slaves, BUT– Slave population does increase southern voting

power in congress

RATIFICATION

• Constitution had to be “ratified” – formally accepted – by ¾ of the states.

– PROBLEM: Anti-federalists threaten to block ratification

• Think it gives too much power to the federal gov.• Fear individual rights are not protected• Fear states will have no power

Federalist Papers

• Federalists write letters to the editor trying to convince people to support Constitution– Federalist Papers explain constitution & it’s

guiding principles

• But It’s not enough. Anti-federalists have enough votes in Virginia & Massachusetts to kill the constitution.

Federalists believed:

• a strong national government is necessary to keep order and enforce the law.

• All states must follow federal law

• We need a bill of rights.

• States are better at protecting people’s rights than a big national government is

Anti-Federalists believed:

Separation of Powers: TWO METHODS

• Federal System– Different levels of government; each has jurisdiction over different

things• JURISDICTION – responsibility over / authority over

– NATIONAL GOVERNMENT has power– STATE GOVERNMENT has power– LOCAL GOVERNMENT has power

• Checks & Balances: divides powers between branches of THE SAME level of government– NATIONAL / FEDERAL gov has executive, legislative, & judicial– STATE government has executive, legislative, & judicial– LOCAL government has Executive & Legislative

Expressed / Delegated Powers

• “delegated powers” – powers that the constitution gives the FEDERAL government– Also called “DELEGATED”

powers; – Clearly written down in the

constitution

Delegated, Reserved & Concurrent Powers

• Delegated Powers – See previous slide:

• Powers given to national/FEDERAL gov. by constitution

• Reserved Powers – Powers held by the

States; – Constitution says the

Federal government can’t mess with this stuff, it’s not their job

Concurrent powers – stuff that BOTH the state AND the federal government is responsible for

Federal government:• Headquarters: Washington, D.C.

– U.S. Capital• Structure: Legislative, Executive, & Judicial Branches

– Every state sends REPRESENTATIVES & SENATORS to congress• Responsibilities:

– Ensure national security (create & command the military)– Make and enforce Federal law– Coin money & manage our monetary system:

• Print money; decide how much money should be in circulation– Regulate businesses in order to:

• Protect consumer safety• Protect environmental resources

– Federal Court system resolves disputes between states

STATE GOVERNMENT:• Headquarters: Raleigh is capital of North Carolina• Structure: Legislative, Executive, & Judicial Branches

– Every area of the state elects people to REPRESENT them in the North Carolina GENERAL ASSEMBLY

• General Assembly is divided into a SENATE & HOUSE• GOVERNOR Pat McCrory leads the Executive Branch

• Responsibilities:– Manages voter registration & oversees elections– Sets & enforces state laws– Sets requirements for drivers licenses, marriage laws, & the drinking

age– Sets laws that create & manage the public education system

What Local Governments Do:• Each County & City has its own local government

– Jurisdiction / authority for local government COMES FROM STATE• Structures (various jurisdictions):

– Mayor & City council (each city has these)– County Commission (each County has this)– School Boards (each county/school district has one)

• RESPONSIBILITIES:– Manage local schools– 911 emergency services: Local police, fire, & rescue dept– Trash / recycling collection– Manage local supply of water, electricity, & other utilities

• Water is usually controlled by the city; other services by businesses– Create & maintian local libraries, parks, & playgrounds– Road maintenance & construction

The Bill of Rights

1st Amendment

• Freedom of Speech– Cannot punish you for speaking

1st Amendment

• Freedom of Religion– Government can’t make you practice any

particular religion (establishment clause)– Government can’t deny you your own religion

(free expression clause)

2nd Amendment

• The right to bear arms– Government can’t keep you from possessing

weapons

4th Amendment

• Protection from unreasonable searches and seizures– Can’t search you or take anything from you

without a warrant or probable cause

5th Amendment

• Can’t force you to testify against yourself• No Double Jeopardy-Can’t try you twice for

the same offense • Must receive due process—everyone gets the

same treatment

6th Amendment

• Right to a speedy trial• Right to be told about what you are being

charged with (HABEAS CORPUS)• Right to confront witnesses• Right to present your own witnesses• Right to a lawyer

10th Amendment

• If the Constitution doesn’t give a power to the national government, it is RESERVED (belongs) to the states or the people

13th Amendment

• Abolished slavery

14th Amendment

• Equal Protection clause – all people must be treated equally under the law

Review Plan

• Daily Focus:– TODAY January 5th: Econ Review (Micro & Macro) – Tues: Units 2 (Constitution) & 4: Legal System – Wed: Units 1 (Foundations of Gov) & 3: American Politics– Thurs: TBD– Friday: Writing Practice & Test Analysis

• Tutoring (after school 2:45-4pm):– Tuesday: focus on court cases & bill of rights– Thursday: focus on economic systems and politics– LUNCH DUTY THIS WEEK – no lunch tutoring

Review Groups – 2nd period

1. Dashai, Andrea, Angel2. Elizabeth, Keira, Xavier3. Kelsey, Amber, Kiyuana,

Savannah4. Aisha, Sahneiya, Tyree5. Naja, Lonnie, Keonna, Jdesha6. Gabriel, Cesar, Ryan7. Quese, Mateo, Ashley8. Walidah, Elijah, Taysia9. Shaun, Darrice, Maraja

FIRST TASK:– Work together to answer practice test

questions.– Break down the question & record

answer on the paper.– 15 minute time limit

SECOND TASK: Concept Map– Use your knowledge & research skills to

create a concept map for an assigned idea & set of terms. See handout for details.

– Race to board to pick your set of terms.• 15 minutes to think, plan & make your

maps• 2 minutes to present it (if time)

Review Groups – 2nd period1. Richard, Jabin, Aaron2. Teddy, Sheed, Eli3. Ahmad, Ashley F., Marquese4. Isaac, Jay, Robert5. Bianca, Jonathan6. Luis, Dulce, Rosa7. James R., Valencia8. Ashley T., Isis, Mecca9. Majesty, Jamonte10. Jada W., Jada M., James G.11. Monae, Kenya

FIRST TASK:– Work together to answer practice test

questions.– Break down the question & record

answer on the paper.– 15 minute time limit

SECOND TASK: Concept Map– Use your knowledge & research skills to

create a concept map for an assigned idea & set of terms. See handout for details.

– Race to board to pick your set of terms.• 15 minutes to think, plan & make your maps• 2 minutes to present it (if time)

Before we are done:

Review & break down practice test Present concept maps Exit Ticket (on a half sheet of paper):

From today’s content, indicate: 3 topics you are comfortable with 2 topics you need help on

What is Civics?• Civics – the study of rights and duties of citizens

– So, then, who are citizens?Citizenship is a two-way street:• Government – main purpose is to protect you (&

other people too!)• You – in exchange for government protection, you

agree to follow the law and be loyal to the nationWhat is a Government ?• Any organization that has the power to make and

enforce laws and decisions for its members

Textbook pp. 6-7

CIVIC DUTIES

• What does it mean to be a “good” citizen?• Civic duties – things we MUST DO

– Obey Laws – Most important duty– Pay Taxes– Register for the draft - males between the ages of 18-25

are required to register for the military draft– Jury duty– Attend School – At least until age 16

So, why do people create governments?

• Philosophers call life without a government the “state of nature.”– THE STATE OF NATURE IS DANGEROUS!!!!

• TO GET OUT OF THE STATE OF NATURE, people agree to give up some freedom in exchange for safety.

• IN OTHER WORDS, WE AGREE CREATE A GOVERNMENT• This is called the SOCIAL CONTRACT

Social Contract Theory

• Main idea: – people give power to a government in exchange

for protection and security• Key philosophers:

– Thomas Hobbes – all government that keeps order is good

– John Locke – ALL PEOPLE HAVE “NATURAL RIGHTS” & governments must protect those rights

• natural rights – life, liberty, property

John Locke• English Social Contract philosopher during the

Enlightenment– Every person has “natural rights”

• Life• Liberty• Property

– Government’s job is to protect natural rights• If a government does its job, the people give it sovereignty & owe

it loyalty• If a government fails to protect natural rights, the people have the

right and obligation to overthrow it and create a new government– Locke’s ideas about natural rights are at the heart of

American democracy & the declaration of Independence

Power & Government

• Democracy – people are the source of power

• Dictatorship – ruler is the source of power

• Monarchy – divine right: God gives the king the right to rule

Dictatorship vs. Democracy

Dictatorship ~ a type of authoritarian government controlled by one person or a small group of people

Democracy ~ a government where all citizens share in governing and being governed

Two Types of DemocraciesDirect versus Representative

Direct Democracy ~ all citizens meet to debate government matters and vote first-hand– Direct democracy originated in Athens, Greece over

2500 years ago

Republic / Representative Democracy ~ citizens choose a smaller group to represent them, make laws, and govern on their behalf, but people remain the source of authority

Textbook p. 10

5 Principles of American Democracy

1. All people, including those who govern, are bound by the law. “Rule of Law”

2. Government may do only those things that the people have given it power to do. “Limited Government”

3. The power of the government comes from the citizens. “Consent of the governed”

4. Individual rights are protected by government. “Individual Rights”

5. People elect government leaders to make laws and govern on their behalf. “Representative Government”

Textbook pp. 10-11

Jamestown

• 1607 – Jamestown Colony established– 1st successful English Colony in North America

• Colony nearly failed b/c no one wanted to work

• Purpose of Jamestown: $$$$$$$$$$$$$– “Here every man may be master and owner of his owne

labour and land...If he have nothing but his hands, he may...by industrie quickly grow rich.“

– John Smith, founder of Jamestown Colony

– Jamestown was a Joint Stock Company – investors owned it and would receive a share of all profits

Plymouth Colony

• 1620 – Pilgrims land at Plymouth rock– Mayflower (their ship) was headed for Virginia but

blew off course• Purpose of Colony: religious freedom

– Pilgrims were Puritans & wanted to escape persecution by the Church of England

– Ironically, the Puritans themselves were not a very tolerant group

Mayflower Compact

• Agreement signed by Pilgrims while on their voyage to America– First written agreement to create self government– Pilgrims agreed to work together, follow their own

laws, and set up their own governance structure

1754 Political Cartoon, by Benjamin Franklin

Stamp Act Congress

• Colonists declare a boycott on British goods– Would not buy anything British

• “No taxation without representation”– British were forced to repeal tax

Loyalists & Patriots

• Loyalists (aka Torries)– Loyal to the King– Opposed independence– Wanted peace– Thought the colonies

would lose a war– Valued the protection of

the British Navy– (some had trade

relationships with Britain)

• Patriots – Supported Revolution– Wanted self rule– “no taxation without

representation”– Did not think of

themselves as British

Boston Massacre (1770)

• British kill 5 Americans in fight in the streets of Boston

• Crispus Attucks

More still

• Tea Act-Laws to help out British tea companies over colonial merchants

How do the colonists respond to this one?

Boston Tea Party

• Dumped chests of tea into Boston Harbor

Behind the Tea Party

• Boston: Samuel Adams organized an underground group called the Sons of Liberty

• Anne Hutchinson – NC woman who organizes women to boycott tea

It’s only Common Sense

• Thomas Paine writes famous pamphlet Common Sense to argue for independence from England

History of Self Governance:Legacy of the Enlightenment

1776:• American Declaration of Independence

– Written by Thomas Jefferson– Approved by 2nd Continental Congress

Articles of Confederation (1777)

• 1st written plan for Colonial government – set up after Independence was declared– All states sent representatives to a national

“congress”– Revolutionary war was run and won under the

Articles of Confederation

Articles of Confederation (1777)

• Every state has equal representation– 1 representative per state

• Emphasized states rights – (each state keeps its own sovereignty)– National government could not force states to do

anything• Created a “firm league of friendship”

Shays Rebellion

• Shays was in debt because of high state taxes in Massachusetts– State threatened to foreclose on his farm– Shays organizes 1200 farmers to march on the

federal arsenal (where weapons were stored) to defend their farms

• Shays is stopped BUT rebellion scares people– People realize that the government has no control

and that something must change

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

• No executive authority – They feared that a King would take power

• Federal government could not enforce taxes– Relied on states

• States had all the power– Federal government could not act independently– Federal government could not force states to follow the law if they

didn’t want to

Federalism & James Madison

• James Madison (from VA) – works to convince people that the Articles are so bad we need to start from scratch

• Madison proposes FEDERALISM – Federalism – system of government in which several

states join together and agree to all be ruled by a central authority that can maintain order and stability

• Central government is more powerful than the states• No state is more powerful than any other

The Constitutional Convention (1787)• 55 delegates from all 13 states • Met in Philadelphia, PA• G. Washington elected convention president• James Madison – “father” of the constitution

The Virginia Plan

• Written by James Madison• Proposed by VA Governor Edmund Randolph

– Created 3 branches of government• Legislative, Executive, Judicial• Divided government due to desire to SEPARATE powers

– Did not want one branch to be too powerful

The Virginia Plan

• Proposed a bi-cameral legislature– Bi-cameral means 2 houses / chambers– (House & Senate)

• Proposed representation be based on the population of each state– More people = more votes in Congress

Small States

• Opposed the Virginia Plan– Feared that states with large populations would

have too much power

• NEW JERSEY PLAN– Alternative to VA plan

NEW JERSEY PLAN

• NJ was a small state• Proposed a 1 house legislature

– All states have equal representation, regardless of size

Great Compromise

• Also known as Connecticut Compromise– Combined VA & NJ Plans

Great/CT Compromise

• Created Bi-cameral legislature with 2 houses– Upper House: The Senate

• all states are equal; 2 vote for every state– Lower House: House of Representatives

• Based on population; more populous states have more votes

Checks & Balances

• All delegates agreed that power should be divided between the 3 branches of government– Each branch has some power over the other two

branches– This keeps one branch from getting too much

power

Representation & the 3/5 Compromise

• Northern & Southern delegates disagreed about slavery– Some northerners wanted to abolish slavery– Southern delegates said the southern economy

would be ruined without slavery• If we have to give up our slaves, we’ll just form our own

country

Representation & the 3/5 Compromise

• The North wants to count slaves as property so that they can collect high taxes from southern slave owners

• The South wants to count slaves as population so that they would have more votes in congress

The 3/5 Compromise

• Agreement to count slaves as 3/5 of a free person– Southern slave owners do pay some taxes on their

slaves, BUT– Slave population does increase southern voting

power in congress

RATIFICATION

• Constitution had to be “ratified” – formally accepted – by ¾ of the states.

– PROBLEM: Anti-federalists threaten to block ratification

• Think it gives too much power to the federal gov.• Fear individual rights are not protected• Fear states will have no power

Federalist Papers

• Federalists write letters to the editor trying to convince people to support Constitution– Federalist Papers explain constitution & it’s

guiding principles

• But It’s not enough. Anti-federalists have enough votes in Virginia & Massachusetts to kill the constitution.

Another -- Compromise

• Anti-federalists agree to support constitution IF Federalists agree to add a Bill of Rights

– And that’s why we have freedom of speech, etc.

Federalists believed:

• a strong national government is necessary to keep order and enforce the law.

• All states must follow federal law

• We need a bill of rights.

• States are better at protecting people’s rights than a big national government is

Anti-Federalists believed:

The Bill of Rights

1st Amendment

• Freedom of Speech– Cannot punish you for speaking

1st Amendment

• Freedom of Religion– Government can’t make you practice any

particular religion (establishment clause)– Government can’t deny you your own religion

(free expression clause)

2nd Amendment

• The right to bear arms– Government can’t keep you from possessing

weapons

4th Amendment

• Protection from unreasonable searches and seizures– Can’t search you or take anything from you

without a warrant or probable cause

5th Amendment

• Can’t force you to testify against yourself• No Double Jeopardy-Can’t try you twice for

the same offense • Must receive due process—everyone gets the

same treatment