Week9: Globalization and Anti- Globalization

Professor: Lee, Kyu YoungCourse:  Globalization and Regional IntegrationPresenter: Lu Di Number: I32026

Table of Contents:• 1. Negative Global Flows and

Processes

• 2. The Global Inequalities• 2.1 Patterns of inequality

• 2.2 Global majority- minority relations

• 3. Anti- Globalization• 3.1 The definition of anti- globalization

• 3.2 The influence of anti- globalization

Negative Global Flows And Processes

1. Dangerous Imports: Globalization has led to an increase not only in imports of all kinds, but of imports that are dangerous to a nation and its citizens.

Eg:

① Massive number of toxic toys made in Chinese factories exported to the US could damage the brain cells of children.

② American companies have exported pharmaceuticals to other countries that were banned in the US.

Cont’ d 2. Borderless Diseases: have been much more common in recent years. ① The global spread is particularly influenced by the increasing

mobility of people.

② Some prevalence borderless diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, SARS, FLU.

③ The spread of diseases in other ways: global warming has resulted in the spread of tropical disease to what is now a much warmer Europe.

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Cont’ d3. Crime: The magnitude and volume of cross-border

crime has increased with globalization.

Cross-border crime involves flows of drugs, money victims, perpetrators, as well as illegal commodities through physical as well as virtual channels.

4. Corruption: is dined as the misuse of public office for private gain. Globalization creates new means and new incentives for corruption.

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• 5. Terrorism: can be defined as actions that cause “deaths, serious bodily injuries, and serious damage to public or private property, places, facilities, or other systems” and are aimed at intimidating citizens, governments, or international organizations.

• 6. War: warfare is increasingly influenced by globalization.

① A war in a region is no longer an isolated phenomenon and will involve other regions.

② The economic gains of war and easy access to weapons in the global era might actually lead to an increase in warfare.

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The Global Inequalities

• Patterns of inequality

• 1. Inequality: ① Nearly 70 percent of poorest people reside in Africa.

② The nation-states that contain the bottom billion are confronted with four traps-

a conflict trap （ Nation-state confronted with either continuing civil wars or frequent violent Coup d‘état ） natural resource trap （ limiting economic development because of excessive dependence on abundant natural resources ） ,

the trap of being landlocked （ with being landlocked with bad neighbors ） .and

the bad governance trap （ bad governance in a small country ， destroy the economy)

The Global Inequalities

2. Growing Global Inequality in Health and Health care: Although there has been an increase in aggregate global life expectancy, disparities in terms of health are growing.

90 percent of the total burden of disease in the world is concentrated in low- and middle-income countries.

3. Global Digital divide: There also exists a significant global digital divide with the poor lacking access not only to computers and the Internet, but also to basic infrastructure such as electricity. This contributes to a widening economic divide between the North and the South

The Global Inequalities4. Migration: A major consequence of inequality is an

increase in migration, especially South-North and South-South migration.

This movement may be the result of wars and other political crises, as well as better work and pay.

South-South migration is likely to increase in the face of stricter controls over migration to the North.

5. Rural- Urban:

Rural: refers primarily to agricultural areas. Globalization has deeply altered North- South relations in agriculture.

Urban: cities have been central to both scholarly and popular discourse on globalization.

The Global Inequalities

Global majority- minority relations1. Categorization: as a majority or minority group concerns relations of super ordination and subordination, rather than numbers:

Thus a minority group is in a subordinate position in wealth, power, and privilege, while a majority group is in a super ordinate position on these variables.

2. Majority-minority relations are fraught with the potential for conflict, which may descend in to violence.

As a general rule, the North is characterized by more majority group members, while the South has more minority- group members:

Processes such as imperialism, colonialism, development, Westernization, Americanization, and neo-liberalism often involve the creation of minority groups to control and oppress.

3. Social Definitions: All majority and minority statuses involve social definition.

For instance, there is nothing intrinsically distinctive about any racial or ethnic group that distinguishes it from others these are fluid categories that are socially defined.

The Global Inequalities

4. Race and Ethnicity ：① Ethnicity is closely related to the idea of a nation-state. The idea of

the nation-state involves a fusion of a given nation, or ethnic group, with a state apparatus within a given territory and its borders.

② Globalization and the creation of ethnicity may be seen as a part of the same modern process. Greater ethnic diversity within a nation state has increased the possibility of ethnic conflict within their confines.

③ Racism is defined as the belief that one racial group is superior and another is inferior.

④ Racial minorities are sometime seen as subhuman and destructive of not only human values but human life. Globalization has aggravated race relations in many developed countries.

5. Gender ：① Globalization reinforces gender structures, barriers, and relationships.

② Women are found disproportionately in low-paying, part-time, and temporary jobs in both developed and less developed countries.

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Anti- Globalization:

Definition: Anti-globalization is a grassroots movement to counter the trend of globalization and its harmful effects, and to reform unbridled capitalism.

Anti-globalization is a political stance of opposition to the perceived negative aspects of globalization.

Anti- Globalization:Anti- Globalization movement:

1. Movement whose participants are opposed to capitalism and globalization.

2. The philosophy of the movement is based on the belief that individuals and organizations can achieve social, personal and economic goals without the negative consequences associated with capitalism.

3. The anti-globalization movement places more emphasis on economic efficiency and human decency versus corporate competition and profits at any cost.

Anti- Globalization:

Influence of anti-globalization:

Positive:

1. It makes people all over the world to form a rational thought towards the negative costs of globalization.

2. It emphasizes the urgency of formulating a reasonable international economic order.

3. It has put forward the urgency of global governance.

Anti- Globalization:

Negative: 1. Anti-globalization has a one-

sided comprehension about the globalization and the theories it has raised are not that scientific.

2. Although some movements of anti-globalization pointed to the problems of globalization, it hasn’t put forward the feasible and scientific solutions to solve that.

3. It is easy for developing countries forming a negative attitude to globalization and ignoring it’s essence.

Discussion questions

1. What actions can be taken globally to deal with negative global flows?

2. What do you think is the most likely future of globalization?