Annotated Bibliography

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InClassWork(DueWednesdayApril8th)

SubmitviaOpenLabDiscussionThread,EmailorDropbox

•  Read“AnalysisSatelvs.theNationalKidneyFoundation:ShouldKidneyDonorsBeCompensated”byMayaGomez.FollowdirectionsinActivitysection.•  Thepiececanbefoundhere:https://

openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/colemaneng1121d430spring2020/files/2020/03/Analysis-Satel-vs-Kidney-Foundation.pdf

Homework(DueWednesdayApril8th)SubmitviaemailorDropbox

•  AnnotatedBibliographyDraftofAll4Sources•  RequiredElements(Descriptionorsummaryofsources,

analysisofauthor’scraft,evaluationofthesource,

explanationofhowthesourceinformsyourresearch)

•  IncludeMLAFormatCitationsofSources

•  IntroductiontoProject

•  ConclusiontoProject

Let’sReview

•  First,wearegoingtoreviewtheelementsthatyouneedtoincludeinyourAnnotatedBibliographies.

•  UsetheHandoutfortheWeekofApril1stasaguideduringthispresentation.Youcanfindithere(OpenLabReadings/Handouts):https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/colemaneng1121d430spring2020/files/2020/04/Spring-2020-English-1121-Unit-2-Week-of-April-1st.docx

•  IrecommendthatyoureviewthetwosampleannotatedbibliographiesthatIprovidedyouduringUnit2Lesson3.Youcanfindthemhere(OpenLabReadings/Handouts):

•  https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/colemaneng1121d430spring2020/files/2020/03/Sample-Annotated-Bibliography.pdf

ElementstoInclude

1  CompletebibliographicinformationofyoursourcesusingtheMLAFormat.NOTEthesourcesshouldbeorganizedalphabetically.

2  Summaryordescriptionofeachsource.

3  Analysisofauthor’scraftforeachsource.

4  Evaluationofeachsource(credibility/bias).

5  Explanationofhoweachsourceinformsyourresearch.

6  Consistentandconcisepresentation.

ACTIVITY

• Readthepiece“Analysis:Satelvs.TheKidneyFoundation:ShouldKidneyDonorsBeCompensated.”

• OntheOpenLabDiscussionThread,writeabriefresponsetothefollowingquestions(youdonothavetorespondtotheotherquestioninthedocument!):

•  WhatdoyounoticeabouthowGomezcomparesthetwodifferentsourcesononetopic?

•  Whatdidyoulearnfromthispiece?Howcouldyouapplyittoyourownwriting?

Summary

• Whatgoesinthesummaryordescription?•  Themainthesis(claim)andsupportingreasons•  Outlineofmainideasinyourownwords

• WhatdoesNOTgointoasummary?•  Youropiniononthesourceorthetopic!

•  Thelengthofthesummarywillpartiallydependonthelengthofyoursource.Typically,oneparagraphisenoughtosummarizeasource.

Examples

•  Introducethesourceinasignalphrase(author’snameplusaverbsuchasargues,supports,describes).

**Inherbook/article/documentary(TITLE),[NAMEofauthor],aprofessorof(INSERTcredentials),asserts/reports____.

EXAMPLE:Inhisarticle,“AMoralMarket”publishedbySlatein2014,lawprofessorEricPosnerproposes....

Youdonotneedtoincludepublicationinformationintheannotationasitisrightaboveinthecitation!

ExamplesContinued

•  ThenstatetheThesisorMainIdeaorClaiminyourownwords

•  [Name]arguesthatthatbestwaytosolvetheproblemisto____.

• ProfessorXcontradictsDr.Y,explainingthat___.

•  Example:EconomistsBeckerandEliasargueforastraightforwardbuthighlycontroversialproposaltotosolvethekidneyshortageproblembypayingpeopletodonatetheirextrakidneyfortransplantation.

ExamplesContinues

•  Listthemainsupportingideas/reasonsinthesameordertheyappearinthesource

• Xrespondstosuchcriticismbyarguing____,_____,and_______.

• Xclaimsthat______.Healsoarguesthat____.

Example:BeckerandEliasalsorefuteobjectionsthatpaymentswouldnotsolvetheproblem,thatitisimmoral,thatitwouldexploitthepoor,andthatitwouldreducealtruistickidneydonations.

ExamplesContinued

• Usetransitionssuchasand,also,but,andthereforetoshowreadershowideasrelatetooneanother.

• Although,whereas,unlikeDr.A’sposition,Dr.Parguesthat_____.

Example:Posnerarguesthat,unlikethatunpopularproposaltosellkidneys,hisproposalforan“altruismexchange”wouldbepoliticallyacceptablebecauseitisbasedonaltruismnottheprofitmotive.

SEEHANDOUTforadditionaltransitionalwords/phrases

Finally

•  Checkyoursummaryagainstthesourcetomakesureyouhave:

•  Capturedtheauthor’sideasaccuratelyandsuccinctly

•  avoidedinsertingyourownideas/opinions

• Avoidedplagiarism(borrowingwords/ideasthatarenotyourown)

STOPandTRY

• Now,takesometimetopause.Trytowritethesummaryforatleastoneofyourothersources,ifnotall3oftheremainingsources.

• Makesuretousethechecklistonthehandouttohelpyou.

AnalysisofAuthor’sCraft

• Ananalysisoftheauthor’scraftlookscarefullyathowandwhytheauthorpresentstheinformation.

• Hereiswhereyoulookattherhetoricalsituation,rhetoricalappeals,tone,mediumandmodeofthesource.

•  Thelengthofthissectionshouldalsobeaboutoneparagraph.

Example

• Rhetoricalsituation:• Audience:Whoisintendedaudience?Explain.

Howdoestheauthorhopethereaderwillreact?Isthegenreorformatofthesourcetheauthorchoosetheappropriateformattoreachtheintendedaudience?

Example:[Author]appealstoitsintendedaudienceofyoungadultsbyincludedlinkstopopularmemesandgifs.

Example

•  Rhetoricalsituation•  Purpose:Whyisauthortellingthestory/writing

thepiece/presentingtheinformation(motivation/goal)?Whatdoesauthorhopereaderswilllearn?Howdoestheauthorhopethereaderwillreact?Howdoyouknow?Explain.

Example:Theauthorwrotethispiecewiththeintentionofrevolutionizingthewaypeoplethinkofteensandscreens.Herpurposebecameclearwhensheincludedinformationabout….

Example

• RhetoricalSituation

•  Constraints:Whatarethelimitationsorconstraintsofthesourcemeaningwouldithavebeenbetteriftheauthorhadchosenadifferentgenreorformattopresenttheinformation?Whyorwhynot?Explain.Whatfactorshadtobetakenintoaccountwhenwritingthepiece?

Example:Sincethispiecewaswrittenforaprintmagazineitcouldnotincludeaudioorvideolinks.Thelackofaudioandvideolinksmakethepiecefeeldryandwouldnotappealtoayoungeraudience.Iftheauthortrulyhopestoreachyoungerreaders,hemustfindawaytoaddmultimediaelementsthatwillengagethem.

Example

• RhetoricalAppeals• Howdoestheauthorestablishtheir

credibility(ethos)?• Howdoestheauthorappealtothe

audience’semotionstohelppersuadethem(pathos)?

• Howdoestheauthoruselogic(facts)helpconvincetheaudience(logos)?

•  Isthepiecerelevant?Timely?(Kairos)

Examples

•  Tone/Mode/Medium• Whatisthetone/mode/mediumofthesource?Doesit

matchthepurposeandintendedaudience?Explain.• Whatdoyounoticeabouttheauthor’scraftmeaning

thewaytheauthorwritesandtheauthor’svoice?

Example:Theauthorwritesinaveryformalandacademictone.Itmakesitchallengingtoreadforaboardaudience.

STOPandTRY

• Now,takesometimetopause.Trytowritetheanalysisoftheauthor’scraftforatleastoneofyourothersources,ifnotall3oftheremainingsources.

• Makesuretousethechecklistonthehandouttohelpyou.

EvaluationoftheSource

•  ToevaluateasourceforbiasandcredibilityyouwillneedtousethematerialsfromtheWeekofMarch23rd(the5Wsand1HforDeterminingSourceCredibilityand10cluesaPieceisBiased.

• RememberBiasisnotalwaysbad,itisjustimportanttobeawareofthebiasthatappearsinapiece.

•  Thissectionshouldbeaboutoneparagraph.

Example

• Whowroteit?

•  Howrecentlywasitpublished?

•  Isthesourcescholarlyorpopular?

• Whopublishedit?

•  Howisthesourcewritten?

• Whatdoesthesourcesay?

Example:[NAME]isaverycrediblysource.Itwaspublishedin2019byCNN,awell-knownandrenownmediasource.

Example

• Assessthecredibilityofyoursource

• Xislikelytocarryauthoritywithmostpeoplebecause____

Example:BeckerisaNobel-PrizewinningeconomistattheUniversityofChicagoandEliasisaprofessorofeconomicsatauniversityinArgentina.Theyhavetheauthoritytocarryoffaproposalthisbold.

STOPandTRY

• Now,takesometimetopause.Trytowritetheevaluationofthesourceforbiasandcredibilityforatleastoneofyourothersources,ifnotall3oftheremainingsources.

• Makesuretousethechecklistonthehandouttohelpyou.

ExplainHOWtheSourceInformsYourResearch

• Remember,yourgoalwiththisresearchisultimatelytoexploreaproblemandproposeapossiblesolutiontotheproblem.

• Whatyouwilldointhissectionisdiscusswhythissourceisimportanttoyourresearch(orwhyitactuallyisnotimportantorhelpfulifthatisthecase!).

• Maybethesourceisimportantbecauseitprovidesinformationontheproblem,oronthesolutionoronacounterclaimtoyourargument.

•  Thissectionshouldalsobeaboutaparagraph.

Example

•  Explainhowyoucouldusethesourceinyourproject

•  Iplantouse[title]toshow__and___and___.

Example:IwouldusetheBeckerandEliasproposalasanexampleofaradicalorextremesolutiontotheproblem.

SEEthebottomoftheHANDOUTforexamplesoflanguagetousetosupportthissection

Example

• Makeconnectionsamongyoursources.Thismaynotalwaysbeapplicablebutitisimportantifyoursourceisusedasacounterclaim,forexample.

• Xislike/unlikeYinthat____.

Example:BeckerandElias’sproposalstandsinsharpcontrasttotheNationalKidneyFoundation’soppositiontofinancialcompensationandEricPosner’scompromise.

STOPandTRY

• Now,takesometimetopause.Trytowritetheexplanationforhowthesourceinformsyourresearchforatleastoneofyourothersources,ifnotall3oftheremainingsources.

• Makesuretousethechecklistonthehandouttohelpyou.

CitingSources

•  ForyourAnnotatedBibliography,youmustciteyoursourcesusingtheMLAFormat.

• Yoursourcesshouldbeorganizedinalphabeticalorderbyauthor.

• Youcanuseoneofthesestyleguidestohelp

• PerdueOwl:https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/mla_style/mla_style_introduction.html

• OpenLabLink:https://openlab.citytech.cuny.edu/colemaneng1121d430spring2020/files/2020/03/MLA-Style-Guide.pdf

CitingSources

• Youmustcite(givecreditto)anyidea,fact,orpieceofinformationthatyougetfromasource.

• Youhavetociteanystatistics,facts,details,orotherpiecesofinformationthatarenotcommonknowledge.

•  Informationisconsideredcommonknowledgeifmostpeopleknowit(e.g.,theskyisblueortheearthisround).Itisnotcommonknowledgeifonlyyouandafewotherexpertsinthefieldknowit.Ifsomethingiscommonknowledge,youdonotneedtoaddacitation.

CitingSources

YouMUSTCite

• whenyouparaphrasesomeoneelse’sideas

• whenyouquotesomeoneelse’swords

• whenyouusesomeone’sideastoformyourown

• whenyourefertosomeoneelse’sresearchorwriting

CitingSources

YouDONOTNeedtoCite

• Yourownoriginalideasorresearch

•  factsthatarecommonknowledge

•  factseasilyobserved(e.g.,Manypeopleridebicycleswithouthelmets.)

•  factsfoundinmanysources(e.g.,PeruisinSouthAmerica.)

•  commonsayings(ittakestwototango)

Whatisanin-textcitation?

•  EachtimeyouciteasourceinyourpaperyoumustcitethesourceINTHETEXTaswellasinthebibliography.

•  EXAMPLE:“Parentswiththisphilosophyknowtheremaybethingstheirdaughterhidesfromthem,buttheydon’ttakeitasapersonalinsultoranindicationthattheirrelationshipwiththeirdaughterisweak”(Wiseman54).

(Wisemman54isthein-textcitation)

Plagiarism

•  Plagiarismiswhenyoumisrepresenttheideasorwordsofothersasyourown

• Plagiarismiswhenyoucopyspecificinformationfromasourceandnotgivecredittothesource.

• Plagiarismiswhenyouparaphrasesomeone’soriginalideas

• Youmustcreditothersfortheirwork.Informationaltextsarenotafreeall-you-can-eatbuffetoffactsandinformation.

STOPandTRY

• Now,takesometimetopause.TrytowritetheproperMLAFormattedCitationforall4ofyoursources.

UseeitherPerdueOwlortheHandoutIincludedonOpenLabasaguide.

Introduction

•  Theintroductionshouldbeonetotwoparagraphs

•  Theintroductionshouldintroduceall4sources

•  Theintroductionshouldintroduceyourresearchtopicandpresenttheproblem

• AnintroductionbringsthereaderonboardbyprovidingbackgroundknowledgeontheissueandestablishingYOURsideoftheargument

•  TheintroductioniswherewehearYOURvoiceonthetopic

Introduction

• Herearesomeideasofhowtoopen/beginyourintro.Youshouldnotdoallofthese,justchoose1!• Describetheproblem/solutionandthetwosidesof

theargument• Openwithanattention-grabbingquote,andexplain

howitconnectstotheissue/argument/problem•  Shareananecdote(compellingstory)thatsetsupthe

issue.Youmustincludeyourstance/position/claim.Itcangointhe

beginning,middleorendofparagraph.

Conclusion

• Aconclusionwrapsupapiecebyremindingthereaderofthemainpointsandprovidingfoodforthought.

•  Theconclusionshouldbeonetotwoparagraphs

•  Theconclusionshouldsummarizeallfoursources.

Conclusion

•  Restateyourclaim/stance/positionontheproblemandpossiblesolutionandsummarizeyourreasoning

•  Createacall-to-actionstatement:Whatdoyouwantthereadertodoorthinkafterreading?

•  Describewhatwillhappenifyoursolutioncomestopass

• Returntoyouranecdotetoresolvethestory(ifyouhadone)

• Useethos,pathos,orlogostostrengthenyourpoint

We’reDone!

• We’redoneforthisweek!Congrats!

• KeepworkingonthedraftsofyourAnnotatedBibliographiesandsubmitthemviaemailorDropboxbyWednesday,April8th!

• Haveawonderfulweek,staysafeandcheckinduringclasstimeviaemailorZoomwithanyquestionsatall!