Week #2 Quarter 2 (10/21) Homework: Make sure- review turned in vocabulary complete

To Do Today:1.Make sure review from Q.1 is turned in.2.Complete vocabulary words for Chap63.Make sure notebook Q2 notebook done

Fact of the DayRats multiply so quickly that in 18 months, two rats could have over 1 million descendants.

Today in Biology

Biology Learning Goal: Overview of chapter 6 – Genes, DNA, Chromosomes and chromatidsWarm Up Question:Look at definition of binary fission. Does

this happen in prokaryotes or Eukaryotes? Explain.

Week #2 Quarter 2 (10/22) Homework:None

To Do Today:1. Check notebook – complete2. Overview of Chapter 6 Notes

Fact of the DayIf one was to weigh all of the land animals of the earth, 10% of that mass would be ants.

Today in Biology

Biology Learning Goal: Overview of chapter 6 – Genes, DNA, Chromosomes and chromatidsWarm Up Question:What do you know about Mitosis?

Explain.

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Review of CellsOver view of cells http://wn.com/cells_biology

introduction to cells segment.

human anatomy - the body made entirely of cells - which make up tissues - which make up organs - which make up organ systems - which make up you

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How do terms differ in meaning

Cell division and gameteCell division process in which new cells form

Gametes=reproductive cells that form by one type of cell division

Gene and DNADNA is a substance made of

nucleotides that stores information about when and how to make proteins

Gene a segment of DNA that codes for a protein or RNA molecule

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Chromosome and chromatids

Chromosomes=structures made of DNA and associated proteins

Chromatids=two parts of a chromosome that contain identical copies of DNA and are joined by centromere.

draw

TELOMERE

TELOMERE

CELL REPRODUCTION

How do little elephants grow up to be BIG elephants?

Why do animals shed their skin?

Three reasons why cells reproduce by asexual reproduction (divide):

1. Growth2. Repair

3. ReplacementSkin cancer - the abnormal growth of skin cells - most often develops on skin exposed to the sun.

Cell that reproduce by asexual reproduction reproduce constantly.

What is Mitosis?

MitosisMITOSIS- reproduction of

somatic (body) cells also known as NUCLEAR DIVISION

TERMS USED………..Diploid= full # of chromosomes or

(2n)

Haploid= half # of chromosomes or (n)

SOMATIC CELLS is any biological cell forming the body of an organism; that is, in a multicellular organism, any cell other than a gamete, germ cell, gametocyte or undifferentiated stem cell. (ex. skin, nerve, muscle cells)

Week #2 Quarter 2 (10/23&24) Homework:None

To Do Today:1. Check notebook – complete2. Begin discussion on cell cycle3.Mitosis notes4.Mitosis flip book

Fact of the DayA hedgehog's heart beats 300 times a minute on average

Today in Biology

Biology Learning Goal: Overview of chapter 6 – Genes, DNA, Chromosomes and chromatidsWarm Up Question:Explain the difference between haploid

and diploid cells.

Cell cycle

Cell cycle and reproductionhttp://vimeo.com/41301118

Cell CycleRegular sequence of cell

growth and divisionTime it takes varies with

type of cell and external factors

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Phases of cycle Cell increases in size New organelles made DNA replication (copying) Preparation of structures needed for

mitosis & cytokinesis Chromosomes begin to coil and

condense (shorten & thicken) Division of material in nucleus Division of cytoplasm and organelles

G1 S G2

MitosisCytokinesis

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2 animation__mitosis_and_cytokinesis.html

Prophase Chromatin

shortens and thickens

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear

Spindle fibers appear and attach

In animals, centrioles move to poles Chromosome with

replicated DNA

chromatidcentromere

centrioles

nucleus

Spindle fibers

Metaphase Chromosomes

line up single file at equator Equator

Pole Pole

Spindle fibers

Anaphase Chromatids separate Chromatids move to opposite poles Each chromatid is now called a

chromosome

PolePole

Telophase Begins when chromosomes reach poles Spindle disappears Nucleus is re-formed Chromosomes diffuse to become chromatin Cytokinesis may occur

Cytokinesis Division of

cytoplasm Usually occurs during

telophase In animal cells –

cleavage furrow that constricts cytoplasm

In plant cells – cell plate forms between two cells

When mitosis ends – two new cells with same amount of DNA

Reasons for Mitosis Formation of adult from fertilized egg

(development) Maintenance or repair Growth in multicellular organisms Asexual reproduction in one-celled

organisms

Mitosis – Mr. Parrhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IlV9hExXZnM&list=UUJjstNDkwktHyvUdtcBfb2g&index=114&feature=plcp

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ReviewIn the 17th century, Robert Hooke peered through a microscope at a slice of cork and discovered that it was composed of cells. Centuries later, Rudolf Virchow set forth the cell theory, in which he proposed that the cell was the basic unit of all living organisms. We now know that this theory is true; cells make up all living things, whether they are plants, animals, or microorganisms.

There is only one way to make more cells—by the division of those that already exis

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Goal of the Cell Cycle: To produce two genetically identical cells

from one precursor cell.

1. Copy and pass on its genetic information to the next generation of cells. This requires the replication of the DNA in each chromosome

2. Accurate separation of the chromosomes into the daughter cells so that each cell receives a copy of the entire genome.

3.Once accomplished, the cell will physically divide to produce two identical daughter cells 15

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The entire cell cycle will take different amounts of time depending of the organism. For example, cell division in the bacteria (e.g. Escherichia coli) can take as little as 20 minutes. In a single-celled yeast it takes 90-120 minutes .

Cells in organs such as the heart do not divide in the adult, except in cases where disease or trauma causes damage. Cells in the nervous system and the brain do not divide after birth, which is why an injury to the spine is usually irreversible.

Hair, skin, fingernails, taste buds, and the stomach's protective lining are replaced constantly and at a rapid rate throughout our lives reproduce every 15-30 days

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lf9rcqifx34&feature=related

Interphase: This part if the cells life cycle occupies most of the cells "life". The mitosis portion of the cycle may last only 10 - 20 hours while some cell can live for days or weeks.

Mitosis Notes

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Parts of Interphase:G1phase: This part of the cell cycle is where the cell spends most of its life. This is the time when the cells are performing their assigned tasks. At some point in the cycle something triggers the cell to begin a cell division event. There are many stimuli which can cause the cell to require a cell division:- To replace dead or dying cells,- To produce more cells (growth and development)- Reproduction, i.e. to increase the number of unicellular organisms.

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S-phase: This is known as the synthesis phase. Here the DNA molecules are copied or replicated, therefore we go from single stranded DNA in G1 phase to double stranded DNA in G2.

.

                                                                   

                     

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G2 PhaseThe cell is preparing for the actual division events For example tubulin the protein of which microtubules are created is synthesized. This tubulin will be used to manufacture the microtubules of the spindle apparatus (fibers) in prophase of mitosis. G2 completes interphase now the cell is prepared for mitosis

http://www.cellsalive.com/cell_cycle.htm

Animated Mitosis Cyclehttp://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm

• Interphase

• Prophase

• Metaphase

• Anaphase

• Telophase & Cytokinesis Flip Book

Interphase occurs before mitosis begins

• Chromosomes are copied (# doubles)

• Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils (chromatin) at the start, but each chromosome and its copy(sister chromosome) change to sister chromatids at end of this phase

CELL MEMBRANENucleus

Cytoplasm

InterphaseAnimal Cell Plant Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Prophase 1st step in Mitosis

• Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide)

• Centrioles (or poles) appear and begin to move to opposite end of the cell.

• Spindle fibers form between the poles.

CentriolesSister chromatids

Spindle fibers

ProphaseAnimal Cell Plant Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Spindle fibers

Centrioles

Metaphase 2nd step in Mitosis

• Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) attach to the spindle fibers.

Centrioles

Spindle fibers

MetaphaseAnimal Cell Plant Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Anaphase 3rd step in Mitosis

• Chromatids (or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell.

Centrioles

Spindle fibers

AnaphaseAnimal Cell Plant Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Telophase 4th step in Mitosis

• Two new nuclei form. • Chromosomes appear as chromatin (threads rather than rods).• Mitosis ends.

NucleiNuclei

Chromatin

TelophaseAnimal Cell Plant Cell

Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm

Cytokinesisoccurs after mitosis

• Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells – each

with its own nucleus with identical chromosomes.

Animal Mitosis -- ReviewInterphase

                                                     

       

Prophase

                                                    

         Metaphase

                                                     

       

Anaphase

                                                    

         Telophase

                                                     

       

Interphase

                                                    

        

Plant Mitosis -- ReviewInterphase

                                                            

Prophase

                                                            

Metaphase

                                                            

Anaphase

                                                            

Telophase

                                                            

Interphase

                                                            

The only difference… Both plant and animal cells go through mitosis, BUT during TELOPHASE plant cells have a cell plate and animal cells have a cleavage furrow.

Week #2 Quarter 2 (10/23&24) Homework:Mitosis Worksheet Due MondayQUIZ MONDAY

To Do Today:1.Mitosis flip book2.Mitosis worksheet – homework due Monday

Fact of the DayWhen you die your hair still grows for a couple of months. That is why ghosts and scary creatures have long hair.

Today in Biology

Biology Learning Goal: Overview of chapter 6 – Genes, DNA, Chromosomes and chromatidsWarm Up Question: Reflection

turn in!What are spindle fibers?What is a centriole?What is a centromere?

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Cell Cycle

Mitosis Flip Book

Overview of Mitosis