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Week 2
Learning Objectives
1. Differentiate between the terms ‘growth’ and ‘development’ and the significance of both to health assessment.
2. Describe factors that influence both growth and development.
3. Recognize major developmental milestones for patients across the lifespan.
4. Differentiate between a health history and assessment.
5. Differentiate between subjective and objective data
in assessment.
Learning Objectives (continued)
6. Describe where and why assessment fits into the nursing process.
7. Identify the components and tools used to perform a physical assessment.
8. Describe prioritization of assessment.
9. Explain why vital signs are a priority for baseline and continued assessment.
The terms ‘growth’ and ‘development’ both refer to dynamic processes.
“Normal” growth and development across the
lifespan…
What is the difference between ‘growth’ and
‘development?’
Growth refers to physical change and increase in size,measured quantitatively:
Height, weight, bone size, dentition, etc.
Growth:
Physical change and an increase in size. It can be measured quantitatively.
Development:
An increase in the complexity of function and skill progression,
the capacity of skill and a person to adapt to the environment…
Growth or Development?• A child losing baby teeth as adult teeth
emerge….• A one year old who is beginning to
walk…• A five year old who can not feed
himself….• A twelve year old who can not spell his
name..• A teenager rapidly getting taller…• An 18 month old child beginning to say
a few words…
Development is the behavioral aspect of growth (e.g., a person develops the ability to walk, to talk, and
to run.)
Factors that influence both growth and development:• Genetics• Prenatal Influences• Environmental Influences• Cultural Influences• Nutrition• Family and Parenting• Health
The ElderlyThey want and deserve
respect, dignity, and independence.
*A nurse must be aware of the normal aging process,
age-related changes in aging bodies, as well as the mental health issues of the elderly …
Assessment The first step in the nursing
process
WHAT IS ASSESSMENT?
Things that you see, hear, smell, feel or taste !
Assessment
• Systematic method of collecting data– Determine current and ongoing health
status– Predicting risks– Identifying health-promoting activities
• Focus– Problems presented by clients–Multiple other factors
FocusProblems presented by client
•Physical •Social•Cultural•Environmental •Emotional factors
Assessment Techniques
ObservationInterviewingPhysical examination
Helpful Assessment Tools
Accurate recording and communication of
findings is a must !
Data Gathered During Health History
•Wellness behaviors•Illness signs and symptoms•Past illnesses•Family history•Client strengths •Weaknesses• Risk factors
*A variety of sources may be utilized to obtain information
Types of Data
Subjective- What the patient tells you.
Example: Patient states, “I’ve had a bad pain in my
right knee for three weeks.”
Objective- Detectable by an observer or can be measured or tested
against an acceptable standard.
Example: Oral temperature 98.9 degrees F.
What are some examples of things we can observe
(see)?
Be sure to think about the obvious and the not so
obvious…
The not so obvious may include facial expression, body language, hygiene…
How about whether the person is dead or alive ?
Does the person appear to be awake or asleep ?
Be sure to observe for symmetry, or lack of.
Quick Review:
What is assessment?
Where does assessment fit in the nursing
process?
What is the difference between objective and
subjective data?
End of Week 2