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WEEE Directive
Ortwin MeeuwsHong Kong, November 2nd, 2006
Introduction
– OVAM - Flemish Public Waste Agency– EU waste policy advisor– Member of TAC on WEEE– Other dossiers: REACH, POP’s and
mining waste– Experienced as
communications policy advisor
OVAM
- Founded in 1981- Based in Mechelen, over
400 employees- Aims: less waste and
cleaner soil for Flanders- Divisions soil and waste- Flemish government
Content
– WEEE Directive: background– Integrated Product Policy– WEEE Directive– WEEE implementation in Belgium– WEEE implementation in Europe: example– Future
History of the WEEE Directive
EU final WEEE Directive published in the Official Journal (Feb)2004
WEEE Directive becomes effective (Aug 13)2005
EU publishes green paper on integrated product policy (IPP)2001
European Commission 1st draft WEEE & RoHs Directive1999
Priority Waste Stream Initiative fails to reach conclusion1995
EC selects WEEE as a “Priority Waste Stream”1992
Waste framework Directives
(Dir. 75/442/EEC)
Waste streams
Waste treatment operations
Landfill(99/31/EC)
Waste oils(Dir
75/439/EEC)
Sewage sludge(Dir 86/278/EEC)
Batteries and accumulators
(Dir. 91/157/EEC &
93/86/EEC)
Packaging(Dir.94/62/EC)
PCBs(Dir.96/59/EC
End-of-life vehicles
(Dir 2000/53 EC)
Waste electric and
electronic equipment
(Dir. 2002/95:EC
&2002/96/EC)
Hazardous waste Directive(Dir. 91/689/EEC) Waste shipment Regulation
(Reg. (EEC) 259/93)
Framework legislation
Incineration
89/369 & 429 (MW) 94/67 (HW)
Replaced by 2000/76/EC
Background of the Directive– Community legislative framework
Motivations - Environment
– Fast growing waste-stream; increase by 5% each year (household)
– Hazardous substances & waste management: 90% was sent to incinerator or dump at that time
– Environmental burden due to production of equipment
Motivations - Internal market
– Different national policies in the EU for:- recycling of this WEEE- producer responsibility & financial burden for
economic operators- phasing-out of substances in EEE
Treatment of WEEE - problem examples– When incinerated:
- Dioxin formation during incineration process- Brominated Flame Retardants- PVC
- Emission of heavy metals- Loss of energy efficiency (glass)
Treatment of WEEE - problem examples– When landfilled:
- Leaching potential- Heavy metals- Brominated flame retardants
- Vaporisation of mercury & CFC’s
Treatment of WEEE - problem examples– When recycled:
- Dioxine formation during extrusion of plastics- Dispersion of PCB’s during shredding process- Air emissions of heavy metals
Cost aspects
– Collection and recycling costs of householdwaste: estimated at that time at an increaseof about 1% of the product price forconsumers(household)
– Substitution : lead in solder problematic
Integrated Product Policy
– Green paper of the Commission in 2001– Minimise environmental impact of a product,
looking at life cycle:- Design- Use- Disposal
– Working withinthe market
Integrated Product Policy
– Stakeholder involvement- Greening public procurement
- http://europa.eu.int/comm/environment/gpp/
- Greener Corporate purchasing- Environmental labeling (Eco-label)
– Variety of policy instruments:- Taxes and subsidies- Voluntary agreements & standardisation- Public procurement legislation- Other legislation (such as RoHs)
RoHS & WEEE
– RoHS : Restriction of hazardous substances – WEEE:
- Article 1: Waste Prevention- Article 4: MS shall encourage ecodesign
“Member States shall encourage the design and production ofelectrical and electronic equipment which take into account
and facilitate dismantling and recovery, in particular the reuseand recycling of WEEE, their components and materials. In thiscontext, Member States shall take appropriate measures so thatproducers do not prevent, through specific design features or
manufacturing processes, WEEE from being reused, unless suchspecific design features or manufacturing processes present
overriding advantages, for example, with regard to the protectionof the environment and/or safety requirements.”
Energy Using Products (EUP) 2005/32/EG– Article 95 of the EU-treaty– Together with WEEE and RoHs the third
EEE-directive– But: Framework directive:
- Published in July 2005- Concrete actions will follow
Energy Using Products (EUP)
– Goals :- Free movement of goods- improve the overall environmental performance- contribute to the security of energy supply- preserve the interests of both industry and
consumers.
Energy Using Products (EUP)
– Means of transport for persons or goods are out of the scope
– Specific products:- significant volumes of sales- > 200,000 units p.a in the community- product should have a significant environmental
impact- potential for improvement on the impacts without
incurring excessive costs
Energy Using Products (EUP)
– The commission may adopt implementing measures for defined catagories- Life cycle analysis- Techno-economical analysis- Ecodesign-criteria
– Producers comply by- Internal control or- Environmental management system
– Ecolabels are presumed to comply
Energy Using Products (EUP)
– By 2008: minimum energy performancerequirements for 14 priority products,including boilers, computers, washingmachines, office lighting and air conditioning.
– Measures to reduce stand-by losses
Energy Using Products (EUP)
Eco-label & EMAS
– www.eco-label.com- All types of products (not only EEE)- Voluntary scheme- marketing instrument for environmental-friendly
products in the EU- Application via one MS
Eco-label & EMAS
– Voluntary scheme– EU eco-management and audit-scheme
- evaluate- improve- report on the environmental performance
Eco-label & EMAS
Other directives
– Energy labelling Directive– efficiency requirements for new hot-water
boilers – energy efficiency requirements for household
electric refrigerators, freezers and combinations thereofenergy efficiency requirements for ballasts for fluorescent lighting
WEEE Directive - objectives
– Prevention of WEEE– Reuse, Recycling and Recovery of WEEE– Reduce WEEE disposal– improve the environmental performance of all
actors:- producers- distributors- consumers- WEEE treatment companies
WEEE Directive
– Product design– Separate collection
- Household vs B2B- Acceptance obligation 1:1
- Historical vs new waste- 4 kg/inhabitant by end this year
– Treatment prescribtions
WEEE Directive
– Recovery and recycling targets (end this year)
Category of equipment Recoverytarget
Recyclingtarget
1. Large household appliances 80% 75%2. Small household appliances 70% 50%3. IT and telecommunications equipment 75% 65%4. Consumer equipment 75% 65%5. Lighting equipment 70% 50%6. Electrical and electronic tools (but not large stationaryindustrial tools)
70% 50%
7. Toys, leisure and sports equipment 70% 50%8. Medical devices (but not implanted and infected products) TBC 2008 TBC 20089. Monitoring and control instruments 70% 50%10. Automatic dispensers 80% 75%
WEEE Directive
– Financing of household WEEE- Producers responsible for waste from products sold before
13.08.05 (“historic waste”) in proportion to market share
- Producers responsible for their own waste for products sold after 13.08.05 (“future waste”)
- Producers must provide “financial guarantees” from 13.08.05 to ensure future waste management costs of their products do not fall on other producers or society, e.g.:
− Money held in blocked bank accounts− Insurance− Other via a collective scheme
WEEE Directive
– Financing of B2B waste- Producers responsible for waste from products sold before
13.08.05 (“historic waste”) when 1:1- Producers responsible for their own waste for products sold after
13.08.05 (“future waste”) - Other financing methods
WEEE Directive
– Information for treatment facilities:- Reuse and treatment information- Different EEE components and materials- Location of hazardous substances in the EEE
Implementation WEEE in Belgium
– Belgium: 3 regions & federal state– Producer Responsibility - take-back obligation
1:1- collective scheme => environmental agreement- individual scheme
– Collective sheme: RECUPEL
Recupel
– Initiative of the industry and managed by the industry
– Global solution for whole Belgium: 1 July 2001 RECUPEL
– Household equipment
Invoerders / Producenten
RECUPEL n.o.Executive Organisation (25 employees) and
Board of Directors (12 members)
RECUPELSDA
n.o.
RECUPELAVn.o.
BW-REC
n.o.
RECUPELICTn.o.
Importers / Manufacturers
RECUPELET & G
n.o.
Recupel
LightTRecn.o.
MeLaRecn.o.
Recupel– Sales declarations (Importers & Manufacturers)
- by internet- external auditing
– Financing < recycling contribution- Visible fee
- sensitation of consumers- fixed amount (1-20 €)- no margins taken on the fee- identical per productgroup
- future waste: integration in productprice
Wholesaler
Retailer
Take back
New product
ImporterImporterManufacturerManufacturer
ConsumerConsumerfor recycling
Recupel
x €
y €
z €
1 €
1 €
1 €
1 €
Financial flow
- 80% of the collection points are points of sale - 25% of total waste volume
20% of the collection points are municipal container parks and used good centres- 75% of total waste volume
- Collected over 36.000 tons in 2002
Logistics and collection
Logistics and collectionConsumer
Used good centreRetail
ContainerPark
RCS
Recycler
FCS
Re-use
FCS = Finely meshed collection stationRCS = Regional collection station
Logistics and collection
Evolution treated wasteLogistics and collection
Qantités par fraction - Hoeveelheden per fractie 30/09/2003
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
TON
MC 0 109 184 295 217 309 443 354 364 469 426 395 422 386 175 118 94 80 78 55 74 92 57 71 101 100 100
0VE 102 58 322 360 403 324 515 484 562 673 623 594 772 1.013 979 830 869 756 989 717 1.264 1.078 1.196 1061 1348 1188 1333
TVM 62 189 327 478 347 402 481 430 537 542 497 471 617 650 735 713 685 611 840 707 800 845 774 670 861 729 1010
GW 36 201 262 285 295 240 584 427 490 530 400 500 418 475 663 762 698 697 875 845 949 874 830 863 1083 977 919
KV 87 130 199 236 168 160 354 298 333 336 394 406 559 479 626 858 555 504 627 593 735 739 744 771 947 1083 1075
Jul-01
Aug-01
Sep-01
Oct-01
Nov-01
Dec-01
Jan-02
Feb-02
Mar-02
Apr-02
May-02
Jun-02
Jul-02
Aug-02
Sep-02
Oct-02
Nov-02
Dec-02
Jan-03
Feb-03
Mar-03
Apr-03
May-03
Jun-03
Jul-03
Aug-03
Sep-03
– Treatment- Manual dismantlement of the dangerous
components (CFC, picture tube, ...)- Specific treatment following the fraction
(chemical or mechanical)
Recycling example
plastics
Manualdisassembly Separation
cables
Smelter
CleaningSeparation
wood
Fe
Electronics
Ba-glass
landfill
slag
Further treatment/RecyclingIncinerationElimination
Plastics (PS/ABS)
Au,Ag,..Non ferrous metals
restCRT
Extrusion
Pb-glassSmelting
New CRT
roads
Recycling TV’s & Monitors
Recycling example
Recupel: Recycling example
Implementation in Europe:some examples– Article 175 of the Treaty
Different implementations in 25 countries
WEEE Registers
Public
Industry Driven
Not yet decided
Independent
Register not yet in place
National register already in place
Organisers of registers
National register
Source: Orgalime
Example: Spain
Collective SchemesCountry Name WebsiteNorway Elretur WWW.ELRETUR.NOFinland SER-TY WWW.SERTY.FI ELKER WWW.ELKER.FISweden El-Kretsen WWW.EL-KRETSEN.SEEstonia EES Ringlus WWW.EESRINGLUS.EEIreland WEEE Ireland WWW.WEEEIRELAND.IE
Netherlands NVMP WWW.NVMP.NL ICT Milieu WWW.ICTMILIEU.NLBelgium Recupel WWW.RECUPEL.BE
Luxembourg Ecotrel WWW.ECOTREL.ORG
Czech Republic Elektrowin WWW.ELEKTROWIN.CZ ASEKOL WWW.ASEKOL.CZ RETELA WWW.RETELA.CZ REMA WWW.WEEE.CZSlovakia Envidom WWW.ENVIDOM.SK SEWA WWW.SEWA.SKAustria UFH WWW.UFH.AT
Switzerland SENS WWW.SENS.CH
SWICO WWW.SWICO.CH/EN/RECYCLING.ASP
Hungary ELECTRO-COORD (H) WWW.ELECTRO-COORD.HUSpain ECOLEC WWW.ECOLEC.ES Tragamovil WWW.TRAGAMOVIL.COM Ecofimatica WWW.ECOFIMATICA.ES Ecoasimelec WWW.ASIMELEC.ES ECOTIC WWW.ECOTIC.ESGreece
Appliances Recycling SA WWW.ELECTROCYCLE.GR
Source: WEEE Forum
WEEE Directive - Producer Definition
‘producer’ means any person who, irrespective of the selling techniqueused, including by means of distance communication in accordance with Directive 97/7/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 May 1997 on the protection of consumers in respect of distance contracts (1):
(i) manufactures and sells electrical and electronic equipment under his own brand,(ii) resells under his own brand equipment produced by other suppliers, a reseller not being regarded as the ‘producer’ if the brand of the producer appears on the equipment, as provided for in subpoint (i), or(iii) imports or exports electrical and electronic equipment on a professional basis into a Member State.
Penalties
Future
– Revision of the Directive: 2008- European clearing house for WEEE producer
responsibility?- Ecodesign out of the Directive?- Change of the treatment obligations?
