Unit 7: Cells and Life

Name: _________________________________

Period: __________

Test Date: _______________________

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Table of Contents

Title of Page Page Number Due Date

VIRUS vs CELLS CHECKLIST 3

Warm-ups 4 - 5

Cell and Factory Worksheet 6 - 7

Cell Structure and Function Notes 8 - 10

Comparing Euk, Pro, and Viruses 11

Cell Match up 16

Cell Poster Activity 17 - 18

Endosymbiosis Notes 19 – 20

Virus Notes 21

Viral Reproduction Notes 22

Viruses VS Cells Notes 23

Cell Scenarios Activity 24 - 25

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Viruses

ProkaryoteEukaryote

Living

Cell

Evolve over time

Contains genetic material (DNA/ RNA)

All store genetic information in the form of DNACan reproduce independentlyRequires host for reproductionPhospholipid Bilayer

Nucleus

Ribosomes

Membrane bound organelles

Virus vs. Cells Check List

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UNIT 7 WARM-UPS

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Cell and Factory Worksheet

CELL ORGANELLE ORGANELLE FUNCTION FACTORY PARTCell Membrane Regulates what enters

and leaves the cell; where cell makes contact with the externalenvironment

Nucleus Controls all cell activity and contains DNA

Endoplasmic Reticulum Makes lipids (fats), breaks down drugs and harmful substances, and packages up proteins for the Golgi apparatus

Ribosomes Builds proteins

Golgi Apparatus Makes and transports proteins and other materials out of the cell

Lysosomes Digests food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders

Mitochondria Breaks down food molecules to make energy

Cytoplasm Contains all the organelles and provides the space for cell functions to occur

Vacuole Stores water and other materials

Directions: Complete this worksheet by matching the jobs at a typical factory with the cell organelle and organelle functions. Write the factory jobs in the blank spaces.

*Factory jobs are listed on the next page.

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Factory Parts and Descriptions

Shipping and Receiving

controls what comes in and what goes out in the factory

Factory Floor

space within the factory

where products are made

and business is conducted

Finishing and Packaging

where products are processed and shipped out

Main Office

the control center of the factory

The Assembly Line

where products are made and packaged/substances are broken

down

Maintenance

where wastes and other unwanted materials are collected and broken

down

The Power Plant

where the factory’s power comes from

Employees

individuals who make the products

Warehouse

where materials are stored

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Cell Structure and Function Notes

Cell Structure Sketch Prokaryotic,

Eukaryotic Function What to Remember

Nucleus

Controls activities of the cell and holds the genetic

information (DNA). The nucleus is surrounded by the nuclear membrane (also referred to as the nuclear

envelope).

DNAGenetic material made up of

genes that are decoded to make proteins (traits).

NucleolusLocated within the nucleus of

eukaryotic cells and is the location of ribosome

assembly.

Plasma or Cell Membrane

Selectively regulates what enters and exits the cell.

CytoplasmA jelly-like substance found outside of the nucleus and

enclosed by cellular membrane.

RibosomesLocated in the cytoplasm and on the rough ER and are the site of protein production.

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Rough Endoplasmic

Reticulum (ER)

Transports proteins that are made by ribosomes attached

to it.

Smooth Endoplasmic

Reticulum (ER)

Makes new lipids and helps to break down toxic

substances.

Golgi Apparatus/Bo

dy

A series of flattened, membrane-bound sacs that serve as the packaging and

distribution center of the cell to modify the proteins that travel from the ER before they are released to serve

their function.

MitochondriaRelease energy from organic

compounds to make ATP (cellular respiration).

Lysosomes

Specialized vesicles that contain digestive enzymes and function to digest and

recycle the cell’s used components.

Cytoskeleton

A network of protein structures that determines

cell shape and provides support for organelles and

pathways for cell movement.

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Cell WallHelps to support, protect and

maintain the shape of the cell.

Chloroplasts

Use light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon

dioxide and water (photosynthesis) and are only found in plant cells.

Large, central vacuole

In plant cells the large central vacuole, stores water and contains many

substances, including ions, nutrients, and

wastes.

Flagella and cillia

Tail-like structures that help bacteria move.

Pili Hair-like structures that help bacteria stick to surfaces.

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Comparing Cells Practice

Directions: Compare and contrast animal, plant and bacterial cells. You must include, but are not limited to the following words:

NucleusNuclear membrane/envelopePiliRibosomesMitochondriaCytoplasm

LysosomeGolgi bodiesChloroplastCytoskeletonVacuoleEndoplasmic Reticulum

Central vacuoleCell wallCapsuleGenetic material

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Eukaryotic

Animal

Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic

Bacterial

Cell Match Up

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Cell Poster Activity

I. Identify the function.1._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

II. Identify the structure.5.__________________________6.__________________________7.__________________________8.__________________________

III. Identify the function.9._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________10.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________11.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________12.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

IV. Which of the structures are found in plant cells only?13.______________________________________________

V. Identify the structure.14.__________________________15.__________________________16.__________________________17.__________________________

VI. Identify the function.

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18.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________19.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________20.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________21.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

VII. Identify the structure.22.__________________________23.__________________________24.__________________________

VIII. Identify the following cells: 25. Circle the correct answer.A. Prokaryote or Eukaryote? Plant, Animal or Bacterial cell?

Explain your choices.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

B. Prokaryote or Eukaryote? Plant, Animal or Bacterial cell?Explain your choices.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

C. Prokaryote or Eukaryote? Plant, Animal or Bacterial cell?Explain your choices.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

D. Prokaryote or Eukaryote? Plant, Animal or Bacterial cell?Explain your choices.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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Endosymbiosis Notes

WHERE DID CELLS COME FROM?

History of Life on Earth

Most scientists hypothesize that life on Earth developed through natural _________________________ and _____________________________ processes.

Molecules of ___________-________________ matter reacted chemically during the first billion years of Earth’s history.

These chemical reactions produced ___________________, organic molecules.

Energized by the sun and volcanic ______________, these simple molecules formed more-______________ molecules that eventually became the __________________________ blocks of the first cells.

This was simulated by the _____________________-___________ Experiment

Scientists hypothesize that RNA was the _______________-self-replicating information-storage molecule.

RNA catalyzed the assembly of the first ______________________.

Laboratory experiments have shown that, in water, short chains of amino acids can gather into tiny droplets called __________________________________.

Scientists think the formation of microspheres was the first step to ______________________ organization.

The first cells to form were ______________________________.

Simple cells with a single _________________ of DNA.

So how did complex eukaryotes come about?

Origins of the Eukaryotic Cell

Scientists seem to think they evolved through teamwork: ________________________

more specifically….

____________________________________ where one organism lives inside another to the benefit of both

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Endosymbiosis Theory

Chloroplasts and mitochondria were originally independent ___________________________ that now live inside eukaryotic cells.

Endosymbiotic Theory

Evidence supports that eukaryotes descended from ___________ prokaryotic cells that joined together

Evidence for the theory:

1. ______________ mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA.

2. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts reproduce _________________________ of the rest of the cell.

3. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are the same _________ as bacteria.

4. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own ________________________ and make their own proteins.

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Virus NotesWhat is a Virus?

WHY? Viruses are considered to be non-living particles because they:o Have no _____________________o Do not ___________ or developo Cannot ____________________ without the help of a living cell (host)

Characteristics of Viruses All are pathogenic (causes _________________) Viruses are ____________________ to certain kinds of cells

o Ex. HIV infects only Helper T cells Before a virus can replicate, it must ___________________ to and infect a living cell,

called the ______________ cell.Virus Structure

This structure is known as a __________________. A virus has simple structure consisting of an

inner core of genetic material (_______ or RNA) and an outer _______________ layer called a capsid.

Label the capsid and genetic material in the following viruses

Gylcoproteins – Projections on ouside of viruses to gain ______________ to interior of ___________.

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Viral Replication Notes

If viruses are non-living, how do they replicate?? They need a ____________ cell! Before a virus can replicate, it must attach to and infect a _______________ _______.

What kinds of cells? A virus is _____________ to a specific kind of cell.

Viral Attachment After attachment?

- They will only attach to a cell if the protein (______________________) in its capsid or envelope matches the host cell’s protein.

- Like an enzyme (___________ and key).- If a virus can’t __________________, it

can’t infect the cell.

- Once a suitable host is found, the virus attaches and injects its _________ into the host.

- The host cell drives the production of new virus particles.

- The virus uses its host cell’s ________________ to make more copies of itself.

Viral Replication Once in a host, the virus can take one of two paths.

Two Types of Viral Life Cycles Lytic cycle

The rapid reproduction of the entire virus carried out by the host eventually ______________________ the host cell.

Remember, when in the lytic cycle the virus is ________________ off so it destroys the cell.

LySogenic cycle - ______________ cycle The viral DNA is integrated into a host and is replicated

_______________ destroying the cell. Eventually, the virus exists the lysogenic cycle and enters the

_____________ cycle. Each time the cell divides, the provirus also divides. Each generation results in ___________ infected host cells. Does not destroy host cell _____________ provirus enters the

lytic cycle.

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Viruses vs. Cells

Two Basic Cell Types

All cells are either _______________________ or eukaryoticWhat is the difference? The location of their ______

_______karyote = no nucleus present; DNA is in the cytoplasm Eukaryote = nucleus present; DNA surrounded by _______________

Prokaryotes a.k.a. _________________ Simplest cellular organisms _______cellular Contain genetic material but no nucleus ______ membrane bound organelles – therefore, not many specialized

functions.Eukaryotes

Complex cellular organisms Unicellular ________ multicellular Contain a _____________ and many membrane-bound organelles with

specialized functions.Nucleus

Controls activities of the cell and holds the genetic information (DNA) Only found in _____________________ Ribosomes, which are used in protein synthesis, are assembled in an area of the

nucleus called the nucleolus.

Viruses Cells DNA _______ RNA. Have no ________________ of their

own. Must be parasitic!

DNA Can metabolize “food” to produce

_____________. Can live on their own and

______________ through binary fission.

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Cells Viruses

Cell Scenarios Activity

Background: There are many structures that are vital to cells. These structures help them with the day-to-day “chores” inside a cell, when it comes time to reproduce, and generally help them stay alive! Some structures are present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells, while the membrane-bound organelles are present only in animal and plant cells. Each structure or organelle has a very specific job within the cell and, without them, things would definitely not work as they should.

Directions: Read the scenario at each station. Properly identify cell structures and organelles, including those that are “missing” and hypothesis the consequences of removing these key organelles from a cell.

Scenario 1:

1. What is the organelle described? ___________________________________________

2. What is its function/ what does it do for the cell (and for you!)? ____________________

________________________________________________________________________

3. What would be the consequence of removing this organelle from the cell? ________________________________________________________________________

Scenario 2:

Use the images to complete the chart below.

Q# Cell Identify the Cell TypeExplain how you knew what type of cell it was….what features

belong only to that cell?

4 A

5 B

6 C

Scenario 3:

7. The missing organelle is _________________________________________.

8. Choose another organelle that is mentioned in the scenario. What would be the

consequence of removing this organelle from the cell? ___________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

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Scenario 4:

9. What type of eukaryotic cell are you? ___________________________________ 10. What affect would missing your chloroplasts have on you / what process would you no longer be able to carry out? _________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________11. If all of the chloroplasts suddenly disappeared, how would that affect life on earth?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Scenario 5:

12. What cell organelle must be missing from your cell? ___________________________ 13. What does this organelle contain that helps it do its job within the cell?_______________14. Can your cell survive without this organelle? Explain why or why not.

________________________________________________________________________

Scenario 6:

15. Which cell structure is not working as it should?________________________________16. Suppose that instead of this structure not working property, it disappears! What do you

think would happen to your cell?__________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

Scenario 7: Use the illustrations to answer the questions below.

Q# Cell Type Location of DNA Characteristics of DNA (think shape)

17 Eukaryote

18 Prokaryote

19. Both of these cells have a feature that helps keep regulate what enters and exits the cell what is it?__________________________________________________________________________

20. In addition, prokaryotes often have two more layers of protection that the animal cell does not. What are they?_____________________________________________________________

21. What is one similarity between a eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell?_________________________________

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