Wednesday, Mar 5th, 2014

Did you know…

Chameleons often have tongues longer than their bodies.

A worm is both male & female @ the same time (a hermaphrodite.)

Do Now: Mar 5th

1. Describe one shoreline stabilizer that helps w/ water perpendicular to the shoreline.

2. Describe one shoreline stabilizer that helps w/ water/wind parallel to the shoreline.

Water Pollution

Chemical, physical, & biological agents that lower water quality

2 Causes: Industrialization Human pop growth

Humans can survive 1 month w/o food but only few days w/o water

Causes

Pesticide/fertilizer run-off Waste disposal De-ice roads w/ salt Spills (oil)

Coal strip mine runoff

Pumping well

Waste lagoon

Accidental spills

Groundwater flow

Confined aquifer

Discharge

Leakage from faulty casing

Hazardous waste injection well

Pesticides

Gasoline station

Buried gasoline and solvent tank

Sewer

Cesspool septic tank

De-icing road salt

Unconfined freshwater aquifer

Confined freshwater aquifer

Water pumping well Landfill

Fig. 20-11

Types of Pollution

Pollution from single source Direct

Factories, sewage treatment plants, spills, etc.

Easy to regulate

Pollution from many sources Indirect

Rainwater surface run-off w/ oil, fertilizer, chem, etc.

Difficult to regulate

Greater impact

Point Pollution Non-Point Pollution

Point & Nonpoint SourcesNONPOINT SOURCES

Urban streets

Suburban development

Wastewater treatment plant

Rural homes

Cropland

Factory

Animal feedlot

POINT SOURCES

Fig. 20-12

Aquifer

Water well

Migrating vapor phase

Contaminant plume moveswith the groundwater

Free gasolinedissolves ingroundwater(dissolved phase)

Groundwaterflow

Watertable

Gasolineleakage plume(liquid phase)

Leakingtank

Bedrock

Pollution of Lakes

Eutrophication: Organic matter decays & decomposes Accelerated when sewage/fertilizer runoff

enter water w/ plant nutrients (phosphorus, nitrogen)

Decomposition uses oxygen Oxygen levels decr, causing orgs to change

Pollution of LakesDischarge of untreated

municipal sewage(nitrates and phosphates)

Nitrogen compoundsproduced by cars

and factories

Discharge of treatedmunicipal sewage

(primary and secondarytreatment:

nitrates and phosphates)

Discharge of detergents

( phosphates)

Natural runoff(nitrates andphosphates

Manure runoffFrom feedlots(nitrates andPhosphates,

ammonia)

Dissolving of nitrogen oxides

(from internal combustionengines and furnaces)

Runoff and erosion(from from cultivation,mining, construction,

and poor land use)

Runoff from streets,lawns, and construction

lots (nitrates andphosphates)

Lake ecosystemnutrient overload

and breakdown of chemical cycling

Fig .22.7, p. 499

Harmful Algae Blooms

Contaminate water w/ harmful toxins

Thermal Water Pollution

Excessive heat added to water by power plants

Warm water cannot hold much O2

Salt Water Intrusion

Over-pumping groundwater causes underground salt water to rise/contaminate wells

Occurs near coasts

Prevention

Monitor aquifers

Strictly regulate hazardous waste disposal MARPOL: prohibits disposal of oil & plastic

in ocean

Store hazardous materials above ground

What Can You Do?

Water Pollution

• Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer.

• Minimize your use of pesticides.

• Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water.

• Grow or buy organic foods.

• Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated. Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water.

• Compost your food wastes.

• Do not use water fresheners in toilets.

• Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet.

• Do not pour pesticides, paints, solvents, oil, antifreeze, or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground.

Solutions for Water Quality

DAMP: Drainage Area Management Plans Street sweeping Public education

1987 Water Quality Act

Clean Water Act

Global Outlook: Water Pollution in Developing Countries

Central China's rivers

Toxic colors due to factory pollution

Global Outlook: Water Pollution in Developing Countries

Ganges River, India Religion, traditions, poverty, & large

pop cause severe pollution Bathe Drink Religious ceremonies :

throw ashes of dead into river