WEDNESDAY 3/23/11

Please complete your Discoveries Chart for your Quiz on Thursday!!!

ABSOLUTISM TO

REVOLUTION1500-1900 C.E.

What political theories guided monarchs during the Age of

Absolutism and what were the eventual outcomes of such

policies?

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION WH AT AR E THE K EY PEOPL E, IDEAS, A ND AC C OMPL ISHMENTS OF THE SC IENTIF IC

REVOLUTIO N?

Reformation prompted people to question old ideas.

Scientific Revolution-people challenged old ideas of ancient thinkers and the church.

EXPLORERS AND TRADE

Europeans’ explorations to the Americas, Africa, and Asia fueled need for better instruments.

Explorers discovered new groups of people, animals and plants. Recorded information and easily shared with the invention of printing press.

Geocentric Theory from Aristotle 4th century B.C.E.- the earth was the center of the universe; planets, the sun and the moon revolved around the earth

THE PTOLEMAIC/ARISTOTELIAN SYSTEM

Geocentric

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)

Heliocentric theory – the sun was the center of the universe but he couldn’t explain why.

TOWARD A WORKING MODEL OF THE UNIVERSE

Heliocentric

ASSIGNMENT

Create a chart like illustrated on the board

Using textbook pages 623-628 find ALL 18 discoveries/ideas and place them under the correct category

Include the person’s name and accomplishment fro each one

ELLIPTICAL ORBITSTycho Brahe: recorded astrological data

Johannes Kepler: studied Brahe’s data and mathematically concluded that planets revolved on orbits

Tycho Brahe (1546-1601)

Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)

GALILEO GALILEIAstronomer; built own telescope

Concluded that Copernicus’ theories were true and moon and stars had rough uneven surfaces

His findings frightened Catholic and Protestant Churches.

1632, his book agreed with Copernicus and the Pope made him sign a confession that Copernicus’ theory was false. He did under threat.

Not until 1992 did the Catholic Church officially declare that Galileo had been right!

FRANCIS BACON(1561-1626)

RENE DESSCATES(1596-1650)

From Science to Philosophy

SCIENTIFIC METHODFrancis Bacon: Englishman- scientists should use experimentation to make conclusions

Rene Descartes: French Mathematician- relied on math and logic…everything should be doubted until proven by reason.

Baconian empiricism and induction+ Cartesian rationalism and deduction= The modern scientific method

SIR ISAAC NEWTON (1642-1727)

ISAAC NEWTON, ENGLISH SCIENTIST

Law of Universal Gravitation• Every object in the universe attracts every

other object-the degree of attraction depends on the object’s mass and the distance between the two objects

SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS

Zacharias Janssen-invented microscope

Anton van Leewenhoek-observed bacteria swimming in tooth scrapings and red blood cells.

Evangelista Torricelli- invented barometer

Gabriel Fahrenheit- invented thermometer that showed freezing water at 32 degrees

Anders Celsius- invented thermometer scale showing water freezing at 0 degrees.

Galen-ancient Greek Physician; never dissected the human body, rather pigs

Andres Vasalius- dissected human corpses and published book of drawings of organs, muscles and bones.

Edward Jenner- late 1700’s created vaccine for smallpox

MEDICINE AND HUMAN BODY

Rembrandt, 1632

Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp

CHEMISTRY

Robert Boyle-contradicted Aristotle's view that earth was made up of four elements: earth, wind, water and fire.

Boyle proposed earth was made of smaller primary particles that joined together.

Boyle’s Law- how volume, temperature, and pressure of gas affect each other.

SCIEN TIF IC REVOLUTIO N TO EN LIGHTENMENT

The Scientific Revolution prompted scholars and philosophers to reevaluate old social ideas. In their search of the underlying beliefs regarding government, religion, economics and education, they spurred the European Enlightenment (Age of Reason) in the mid-1700’s.

ANSWER 1-7 AND TURN IN.

1.Describe the Medieval way of thinking?

2.What is the Scientific Revolution?

3.What is the heliocentric theory? Who was involved in this idea?

4.Why did Galileo have conflict with the church?

5.What is the scientific method?

6.How did Bacon and Descartes help the scientific theory?

7.What did Newton discover?