WebSphere MQ: Glossary of terms and abbreviations...A WebSphere MQ object that provides the definitions needed to check certificate revocation lists (CRLs) using LDAP servers, in WebSphere

WebSphere MQ

Glossary of terms and abbreviationsVersion 7.0

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WebSphere MQ

Glossary of terms and abbreviationsVersion 7.0

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NoteBefore using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general information under notices at the backof this book.

Second edition (January 2009)

This edition of the book applies to the following products:v IBM WebSphere MQ, Version 7.0

v IBM WebSphere MQ for z/OS, Version 7.0

and to any subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions.

© Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1997, 2009.US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contractwith IBM Corp.

Contents

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Notices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

Sending your comments to IBM . . . . 51

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1997, 2009 iii

iv WebSphere MQ: Glossary of terms and abbreviations

Glossary

WebSphere® MQ V7.0 glossary of terms

This glossary describes terms that are used in this information center, and wordsthat are used with other than their everyday meaning. In some cases, a definitionmight not be the only one applicable to a term, but it gives the particular sense inwhich the term is used here.

If you do not find the term you are looking for, try a softcopy search, or see thehardcopy index, or see the IBM® Dictionary of Computing, New York:. McGraw-Hill,1994.

“A” “B” on page 4 “C” on page 5 “D” on page 10 “E” on page 13 “F” on page 14“G” on page 15 “H” on page 16 “I” on page 17 “J” on page 19 “K” on page 19 “L”on page 20 “M” on page 22 “N” on page 25 “O” on page 26 “P” on page 28 “Q”on page 31 “R” on page 32 “S” on page 35 “T” on page 41 “U” on page 44 “V” onpage 45 “W” on page 45 “X” on page 46 “Y” on page 46 “Z” on page 46

A

abend reason codeA 4-byte hexadecimal code that uniquely identifies a problem with aprogram that runs on a z/OS® operating system.

abstract classAn object-oriented programming class that represents a concept; classesderived from it represent implementations of the concept. An object cannotbe constructed from an abstract class; that is, it cannot be instantiated. Alsosee parent class.

access controlIn computer security, the process of ensuring that only authorized userscan access the resources of a computer system in authorized ways.

access control list (ACL)In computer security, a list associated with an object that identifies who orwhat can access the object and their access rights. For example, an accesscontrol list is a list that is associated with a file that identifies the userswho can access the file and that identifies the user’s access rights to thatfile.

accountabilityThe quality of being responsible for one’s actions.

ACL See access control list.

active logSee recovery log.

adapterAn interface between WebSphere MQ for z/OS and TSO, IMS™, CICS®, orbatch address spaces, that enables applications to access WebSphere MQservices.

address spaceThe area of virtual storage available for a particular job.

© Copyright IBM Corp. 1997, 2009 1

administration bagIn the WebSphere MQ Administration Interface (MQAI), a type of data bagthat is created for administering WebSphere MQ by implying that it canchange the order of data items, create lists, and check selectors within amessage.

administrator commandA command used to manage WebSphere MQ objects, such as queues,processes, and namelists.

administrative topic objectA WebSphere MQ object that allows you to assign specific, non-defaultattributes to topics.

advanced program-to-program communication (APPC)An implementation of the SNA LU 6.2 protocol that allows interconnectedsystems to communicate and share the processing of programs.

affinityAn association between objects that have some relationship or dependencyupon each other. See connection affinity and message affinity.

alert A message sent to a management services focal point in a network toidentify a problem or an impending problem.

alert monitorIn WebSphere MQ for z/OS, a component of the CICS adapter thathandles unscheduled events occurring as a result of connection requests toWebSphere MQ for z/OS.

alias queueA WebSphere MQ object, the name of which is an alias for a base queue ortopic that is defined to the local queue manager. When an application or aqueue manager uses an alias queue, the alias name is resolved and therequested operation is performed on the associated base object.

allied address space (ally)A z/OS address space that is connected to WebSphere MQ for z/OS.

ally See allied address space.

alternate user authorityThe ability of a user ID to supply a different user ID for security checks.When an application opens a WebSphere MQ object, it can supply a userID on the MQOPEN, MQPUT1 or MQSUB call that the queue manageruses for authority checks instead of the one associated with the application.

alternate user securityOn z/OS, the authority checks that are performed when an applicationrequests alternate user authority when opening a WebSphere MQ object.

APAR See authorized program analysis report.

APF See authorized program facility.

API-crossing exitA user written program that is similar in concept to an API exit. It issupported only for CICS applications on WebSphere MQ for z/OS.

API exitA user-written program that monitors or modifies the function of an MQIcall. For each MQI call issued by an application, the API exit is invokedbefore the queue manager starts to process the call and again after the

2 WebSphere MQ: Glossary of terms and abbreviations

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queue manager has completed processing the call. The API exit can inspectand modify any of the parameters on the MQI call.

APPC See Advanced Program-to-Program Communication.

application-defined formatApplication data in a message for which the user application defines themeaning. Also see built-in format.

application environmentThe software facilities that are accessible by an application program. Onthe z/OS platform, CICS and IMS are examples of applicationenvironments.

application level securityThe security services that are invoked at the interface between anapplication and a queue manager to which it is connected. These servicesare invoked when the application issues MQI calls to the queue manager.The services might be invoked, directly or indirectly, by the application, thequeue manager, another product that supports WebSphere® MQ, or acombination of any of these working together. Application level security isalso known as end-to-end security or message level security.

application logIn Windows® systems, a log that records significant application events.

archive logSee recovery log.

ARM See automatic restart manager.

asymmetric key cryptographyA system of cryptography that uses two keys: a public key known toeveryone and a private key known only to the receiver or sender of themessage. Also see public-private key, symmetric key cryptography.

asynchronous consumeA process that uses a set of MQI calls that allow an application to consumemessages from a set of queues. Messages are delivered to the applicationby invoking a ‘unit of code’ identified by the application, passing eitherthe message or a token representing the message.

asynchronous messagingA method of communication between programs in which a program placesa message on a message queue, then proceeds with its own processingwithout waiting for a reply to its message. Also see synchronousmessaging.

asynchronous putA put of a message by an application, without waiting for a response fromthe queue manager.

attributeIn object oriented programming, a property of an object or class that can bedistinguished distinctly from any other properties. Attributes often describestate information.

A characteristic or trait of an entity that describes the entity; for example,the telephone number of an employee is one of that employee’s attributes.An attribute may have a type, which indicates the range of informationgiven by the attribute, and a value, which is within that range. In XML, for

Glossary 3

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example, an attribute consists of a name-value pair within a taggedelement, that modifies features of the element.

authenticationThe security service that provides proof that a user of a computer systemis genuinely who that person claims to be. Common mechanisms forimplementing this service are passwords and digital signatures.Authentication is distinct from authorization; authentication is notconcerned with granting or denying access to system resources.

authentication information objectA WebSphere MQ object that provides the definitions needed to checkcertificate revocation lists (CRLs) using LDAP servers, in WebSphere MQsupport for Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) security.

authority checkSee authorization check.

authorizationThe process of granting or denying access to a network resource. Securitysystems use a two-step process: after authentication has verified that a useris who she says she is, authorization allows the user access to variousresources based on the user’s identity.

authorization checkA security check that is performed when a user or application attempts toaccess a system resource; for example, when an administrator attempts toissue a command to administer WebSphere MQ or when an applicationattempts to connect to a queue manager. Authorization checks are alsoknown as authority checks and are performed as part of the access controlsecurity service.

authorization serviceIn WebSphere MQ on UNIX® systems and WebSphere MQ for Windows, aservice that provides authority checking of commands and MQI calls forthe user identifier associated with the command or call.

authorized program analysis report (APAR)A request for correction of a defect in a current release of an IBM-suppliedprogram.

authorized program facility (APF)In z/OS, the authorized program facility is used to allow the installation toidentify system or user programs that can use sensitive system functions.

automatic restart manager (ARM)A z/OS recovery function that can improve the availability of specificbatch jobs or started tasks, and therefore result in faster resumption ofproductive work.

B

backoutAn operation that reverses all the changes made during the current unit ofrecovery or unit of work. Also see commit.

bag See data bag.

basic mapping support (BMS)An interface between CICS and application programs that formats inputand output display data and routes multiple-page output messageswithout regard for control characters used by various terminals.


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behaviorIn object-oriented programming, the functionality embodied within amethod.

BMS See basic mapping support.

Booch methodologyAn object-oriented methodology that helps users design systems using theobject-oriented paradigm.

bootstrap data set (BSDS)A VSAM data set that contains an inventory of all active and archived logdata sets known to WebSphere MQ for z/OS, and a wrap-aroundinventory of all recent WebSphere MQ for z/OS activity. The BSDS isrequired to restart the WebSphere MQ for z/OS subsystem.

browseIn message queuing, to return a message to a calling application withoutremoving it from the queue.

browse cursorIn message queuing, an indicator used when browsing a queue to identifythe message that is next in sequence.

BSDS See bootstrap data set.

buffer poolAn area of main storage used for WebSphere MQ for z/OS queues,messages, and object definitions. Also see page set.

built-in formatApplication data in a message for which the queue manager defines themeaning. Also see application-defined format.

C

CA See certificate authority.

CAF See Client Attachment feature (CAF).

call backA generic term used to refer to either a message consumer or an eventhandler routine.

CCDT See Client Channel Definition Table.

CCSIDSee coded character set identifier.

certificate authority (CA)A trusted third-party organization or company that issues the digitalcertificates used to create digital signatures and public-private key pairs.The certificate authority guarantees that the individual granted the uniquecertificate is, in fact, who she claims to be. The role of the CA is toauthenticate the entities (individuals or organizations) involved inelectronic transactions. CAs are a critical component in data security andelectronic commerce because they guarantee that the two partiesexchanging information are really who they claim to be.

certificate revocation list (CRL)A list of certificates that have been revoked before their scheduled

Glossary 5

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expiration date. CRLs are maintained by the certification authority andused, during SSL handshaking, to ensure that the certificates involved havenot been revoked.

certificate storeThe Windows name for a key repository.

CF See coupling facility.

CFSTRUCTA WebSphere MQ object used to describe the queue manager’s use of aCoupling Facility list structure.

channelA WebSphere MQ object that defines a one-way communication linkbetween two queue managers.

channel call backA mechanism where a sender channel calls back the original requesterchannel using the sender’s definition to ensure that the channel connectionis established to the correct machine.

channel eventAn event reporting conditions detected during channel operations, such aswhen a channel instance is started or stopped. Channel events aregenerated on the queue managers at both ends of the channel.

channel exit programA user-written program that is called from one of a defined number ofplaces in the processing sequence of a message channel agent (MCA).

channel initiatorA component of WebSphere MQ distributed queuing that monitors theinitiation queue to see when triggering criteria have been met and thenstarts the sender channel.

channel listenerA component of WebSphere MQ distributed queuing that monitors thenetwork for a startup request and then starts the receiving channel.

checkpointA place in a program at which a check is made, or at which a recording ofdata is made to allow the program to be restarted in case of interruption.

CI See control interval.

CipherSpecThe combination of encryption algorithm and hash function applied to anSSL message after authentication completes.

cipher suiteThe combination of authentication, key exchange algorithm, andCipherSpec used by SSL for secure exchange of data.

ciphertextData that has been encrypted. Ciphertext is unreadable until it has beenconverted into plaintext (decrypted) with a key. Also see plaintext.

circular loggingIn WebSphere MQ on UNIX systems and WebSphere MQ for Windows, theprocess of keeping all restart data in a ring of log files. Also see linearlogging.

CL See Command Language.


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class In object-oriented design or programming, a model or template that can beused to create objects with a common definition and common properties,operations, and behavior. An object is an instance of a class.

class hierarchyThe relationships between classes that share a single inheritance. In Java™

programming, all classes inherit from the Object class.

class libraryIn object-oriented programming, a collection of prewritten classes or codedtemplates, any of which can be specified and used by a programmer whendeveloping an application.

client A run-time component that provides access to queuing services on a serverfor local user applications. The queues used by the applications reside onthe server. Also see WebSphere MQ client.

client applicationAn application, running on a workstation and linked to a client, that givesthe application access to queuing services on a server.

Client Attachment feature (CAF)An option of WebSphere MQ for z/OS that supports the attachment ofclients to z/OS.

client channel definition table (CCDT)A file that contains one or more client-connection channel definitions.

client connection channel typeThe type of MQI channel definition associated with a WebSphere MQclient. Also see server connection channel type.

close To relinquish access to an object.

CLUSRCVRSee cluster-receiver channel.

CLUSSDRSee cluster-sender channel.

clusterIn Microsoft® Cluster Server, a group of computers, connected together andconfigured in such a way that, if one fails, MSCS performs a failover,transferring the state data of applications from the failing computer toanother computer in the cluster and reinitiating their operation there.

In WebSphere MQ, a group of two or more queue managers on one ormore computers, providing automatic interconnection, and allowingqueues to be shared amongst them for load balancing and redundancy.

cluster queueA queue that is hosted by a cluster queue manager and made available toother queue managers in the cluster.

cluster queue managerA queue manager that is a member of a cluster. A queue manager can be amember of more than one cluster.

cluster-receiver channel (CLUSRCVR)A channel on which a cluster queue manager can receive messages fromother queue managers in the cluster, and cluster information from therepository queue managers.

Glossary 7

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cluster-sender channel (CLUSSDR)A channel on which a cluster queue manager can send messages to otherqueue managers in the cluster, and cluster information to the repositoryqueue managers.

cluster topicIn publish/subscribe messaging an object that, when defined, is publishedto the full repositories and pushed by them to all queue managers withinthe cluster.

cluster transmission queueA transmission queue that holds all messages from a queue managerdestined for another queue manager that is in the same cluster. The queueis called SYSTEM.CLUSTER.TRANSMIT.QUEUE.

coded character set identifier (CCSID)The name of a coded set of characters and their code point assignments.

coexistenceThe ability of two or more different versions of WebSphere MQ to functionon the same computer.

commandIn WebSphere MQ, an administration instruction that can be carried out bythe queue manager.

command bagIn the MQAI, a type of bag that is created for administering WebSphereMQ objects, but that cannot change the order of data items or create listswithin a message.

command eventA notification that an MQSC or PCF command has been executedsuccessfully.

command language (CL)In WebSphere MQ for i5/OS®, a language that can be used to issuecommands, either at the command line or by writing a CL program.

command prefix (CPF)In WebSphere MQ for z/OS, a character string that identifies the queuemanager to which WebSphere MQ for z/OS commands are directed, andfrom which WebSphere MQ for z/OS operator messages are received.

command processorThe WebSphere MQ component that processes commands.

command serverThe WebSphere MQ component that reads commands from thesystem-command input queue, verifies them, and passes valid commandsto the command processor.

commitAn operation that applies all the changes made during the current unit ofrecovery or unit of work. Also see backout.

completion codeA return code indicating how a message queue interface (MQI) call hasended.


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confidentialityThe security service that protects sensitive information from unauthorizeddisclosure. Encryption is a common mechanism for implementing thisservice.

configuration eventNotifications about the attributes of an object. The notifications aregenerated when the object is created, changed, or deleted and also byexplicit requests.

configuration fileIn WebSphere MQ on UNIX systems and WebSphere MQ for i5/OS, a filethat contains configuration information for logs, communications, orinstallable services. Also see stanza.

connectThe means by which an application gains access to a queue manager andits resources.

connection affinityA channel attribute that specifies the client channel definition that clientapplications use to connect to the queue manager, if multiple connectionsare available.

connection factoryAn object that produces connections that enable a JMS application toperform messaging operations.

connection handleThe identifier or token by which a program accesses the queue manager towhich it is connected.

constructorIn object-oriented programming, a special method used to initialize anobject.

consumeTo remove a message from a queue and return its contents to the callingapplication.

consumerA generic term for an application that receives and processes messages.Also see message consumer

contextInformation about the originator of a message that is held in fields in themessage descriptor. There are two categories of context information:identity context and origin context. Context is also known as messagecontext.

context securityOn z/OS, the authority checks that are performed when an applicationopens a queue and specifies that it will set the context in messages that itputs on the queue, or pass the context from messages that it has receivedto messages that it puts on the queue.

control commandIn WebSphere MQ on UNIX systems and WebSphere MQ for Windows, acommand that can be entered interactively from the operating systemcommand line. Such a command requires only that the WebSphere MQproduct be installed; it does not require a special utility or program to runit.

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control interval (CI)A fixed-length area of direct access storage in which VSAM stores recordsand creates distributed free space. The control interval is the unit ofinformation that VSAM transmits to or from direct access storage. Acontrol interval always includes an integral number of physical records.

controlled shutdownSee quiesced shutdown. Also see immediate shutdown, preemptiveshutdown.

conversationCommunication across a channel instance. Also see sharing conversations.

correlation identifierA unique identifier that can be used to correlate replies with requests.

coupling facilityOn z/OS, a special logical partition that provides high-speed caching, listprocessing, and locking functions in a parallel sysplex.

CPF See command prefix.

CRL See certificate revocation list.

cross-system coupling facility (XCF)A component of OS/390® that provides functions to support cooperationbetween authorized programs running within a Parallel Sysplex®.

cryptographyProtecting information by transforming it (encrypting it) into anunreadable format, called ciphertext. Only those who possess the secret keycan decipher (or decrypt) the message into plaintext.

D

DAE See dump analysis and elimination.

daemonA program that runs unattended to perform continuous or periodicfunctions, such as network control. See queued publish/subscribe daemon.

data bagA container of object properties that the MQAI uses in administeringqueue managers. There are three types of data bag: user (for user data),administration (for administration with assumed options), and command(for administration with no options assumed).

data conversion interface (DCI)The WebSphere MQ interface to which customer- or vendor-writtenprograms that convert application data between different machineencodings and CCSIDs must conform. A part of the WebSphere MQFramework.

data-conversion serviceA service that converts application data to the character set and encodingthat are required by applications on other platforms.

datagramA form of asynchronous messaging in which an application sends amessage, but does not require a response.

data integrityThe security service that detects whether there has been unauthorized


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modification of data, or tampering. The service detects only whether datahas been modified; it does not restore data to its original state if it hasbeen modified.

data itemIn the MQAI, an item contained within a data bag. This can be an integeritem or a character-string item, and a user item or a system item.

DCE principalA user ID that uses the distributed computing environment.

DCI See data conversion interface.

DCM See Digital Certificate Manager.

dead-letter queueA queue to which a queue manager or application sends messages thatcannot be delivered to their correct destination.

dead-letter queue handlerA WebSphere MQ-supplied utility that monitors a dead-letter queue (DLQ)and processes messages on the queue in accordance with a user-writtenrules table.

decryptionThe process of decoding data that has been encrypted into a secret format.Decryption requires a secret key or password.

default objectA definition of an object (for example, a queue) with all attributes defined.If a user defines an object but does not specify all possible attributes forthat object, the queue manager uses default attributes in place of any thatwere not specified.

deferred connectionA pending event that is activated when a CICS subsystem tries to connectto WebSphere MQ for z/OS before it has started.

derivationIn object-oriented programming, the refinement or extension of one classfrom another.

destinationAn end point to which messages are sent. Queues and topics are examplesof destinations. In JMS, a destination is an object that specifies where andhow messages should be sent and received.

digital certificateAn electronic document used to identify an individual, server, company, orsome other entity, and to associate a public key with the entity. A digitalcertificate is issued by a certification authority and is digitally signed bythat authority.

digital certificate manager (DCM)On i5/OS systems, the method of managing digital certificates and usingthem in secure applications on the i5/OS server. Digital CertificateManager requests and processes digital certificates from certificationauthorities (CAs) or other third-parties.

digital signatureInformation that is encrypted with a private key and is appended to amessage to assure the recipient of the authenticity and integrity of the

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message. The digital signature proves that the message was signed by theentity that owns, or has access to, the private key or shared secretsymmetric key.

disconnectTo break the connection between an application and a queue manager.

distinguished nameA set of name-value pairs (such as CN=person’s name and C=country orregion) that uniquely identify an entity in a digital certificate, such as anX.509 certificate, or in an LDAP directory.

distributed applicationIn message queuing, a set of application programs that can each beconnected to a different queue manager, but that collectively comprise asingle application.

distributed computing environmentIn network computing, a set of services and tools that supports thecreation, use, and maintenance of distributed applications acrossheterogeneous platforms. DCE is independent of the operating system andnetwork. DCE was developed by the Open Software Foundation (OSF) andis typically used in a larger network of computing systems.

distributed queue managementIn message queuing, the setup and control of message channels to queuemanagers on other systems.

distribution listA list of queues to which a message can be put using a single MQPUT orMQPUT1 statement.

DLQ See dead letter queue.

dual loggingA method of recording WebSphere MQ for z/OS activity, where eachchange is recorded on two data sets, so that if a restart is necessary andone data set is unreadable, the other can be used. Also see single logging.

dual modeSee dual logging. Also see single logging.

durable subscriptionA subscription that is retained when a subscribing application’s connectionto the queue manager is closed. If a subscription is durable, then when thesubscribing application disconnects, the subscription remains in place andcan be used by the subscribing application, when it reconnects requestingthe subscription again using the same unique name that was used to createthe subscription. Compare with nondurable subscription.

dump analysis and elimination (DAE)A z/OS service that enables an installation to suppress SVC dumps andABEND SYSUDUMP dumps that are not needed because they duplicatepreviously written dumps.

dynamic queueA local queue created when a program opens a model queue object.


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E

eavesdroppingA breach of communication security in which the information remainsintact, but its privacy is compromised. Also see impersonation, tampering.

EclipseAn open-source initiative that provides independent software vendors andother tool developers with a standard platform for developingplug-compatible application development tools.

encapsulationIn object-oriented programming, the technique that is used to hide theinherent details of an object, function, or class from client programs. Clientprograms are only required to know the interface of a class (the signaturesof the methods of the class and the names of the attributes of the class) touse the methods and attributes of the class.

encryptionIn computer security, the process of transforming data into anunintelligible form in such a way that the original data either cannot beobtained or can be obtained only by using a decryption process.

enqueueTo put a message on a queue.

entity A user, group, or resource that is defined to a security service.

environment variableA variable that specifies how an operating system or another programruns, or the devices that the operating system recognizes.

ESM See external security manager.

ESTAESee extended specify task abnormal exit.

event dataIn an event message, the part of the message data that containsinformation about the event (such as the queue manager name, and theapplication that gave rise to the event). Also see event header.

event handlerA program or function that is invoked when an asynchronous event, suchas a queue manager quiescing, occurs. Also see message consumer and callback.

event headerIn an event message, the part of the message data that identifies the eventtype of the reason code for the event. Also see event data.

event messageA message that contains information (such as the category of event, thename of the application that caused the event, and queue managerstatistics) relating to the origin of an instrumentation event in a network ofWebSphere MQ systems.

event queueThe queue onto which the queue manager puts an event message after itdetects an event. Each category of event (queue manager, performance,configuration, command, authority, or channel event) has its own eventqueue.

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Event ViewerA tool provided by Windows systems to examine and manage log files.

exception listenerAn instance of a class, that can be registered by an application, for whichthe onException() method is called to pass a JMS exception to theapplication asynchronously.

exclusive methodIn object-oriented programming, a method that is not intended to exhibitpolymorphism; one with specific effect.

extended specify task abnormal exit (ESTAE)A z/OS macro that provides recovery capability and gives control to theuser-specified exit routine for processing, diagnosing an abend, orspecifying a retry address.

external security manager (ESM)A security product that performs security checking on users and resources.RACF® is an example of an ESM.

F

failoverAn operation that detects a failure in an application on one computer inthe cluster, and shuts down the disrupted application in an orderlymanner, transfers its state data to the other computer, and re-initiates theapplication there.

FAP See Formats and Protocols.

FDC The filetype of First Failure Support Technology™ files. FDC stands forfailure data capture.

FFST™ See First Failure Data Capture.

FFST fileSee First Failure Support Technology file.

FIFO See first-in-first-out.

First Failure Data Capture (FFDC)First Failure Data Capture (FFDC) provides an automated snapshot of thesystem environment when an unexpected internal error occurs. Thissnapshot is used by IBM support personnel to provide a betterunderstanding of the state of the system and WebSphere MQ when theproblem occurred.

First Failure Support Technology file (FFST file)A file containing information for use in detecting and diagnosing softwareproblems. In WebSphere MQ, FFST files have a file type of FDC.

first-in-first-out (FIFO)A queuing technique in which the next item to be retrieved is the item thathas been in the queue for the longest time.

forced shutdownA type of shutdown of the CICS adapter where the adapter immediatelydisconnects from WebSphere MQ for z/OS, regardless of the state of anycurrently active tasks. Also see quiesced shutdown.


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formatIn message queuing, a term used to identify the structure of applicationdata in a message.

formats and protocols (FAP)In message queuing, a definition of how queue managers communicatewith each other, and of how clients communicate with server queuemanagers.

frameworkIn WebSphere MQ, a collection of programming interfaces that allowcustomers or vendors to write programs that extend or replace certainfunctions provided in WebSphere MQ products. The interfaces are thefollowing: data conversion interface (DCI), message channel interface(MCI), name service interface (NSI), security enabling interface (SEI),trigger monitor interface (TMI).

friend classIn object-oriented programming, a class in which all the member functionsare granted access to the private and protected members of another class. Itis named in the declaration of another class and uses the keyword friendas a prefix to the class.

FRR See functional recovery routine.

full repositoryA complete set of information about every queue manager in a cluster. Thisset of information is called the repository or sometimes the full repositoryand is usually held by two of the queue managers in the cluster. Also seepartial repository.

functionA named group of statements that can be called and evaluated and canreturn a value to the calling statement.

functional recovery routine (FRR)A z/OS recovery and termination manager that enables a recovery routineto gain control in the event of a program interrupt.

G

generalized trace facility (GTF)An optional z/OS service program that records significant system events,such as supervisor calls and start I/O operations, for the purpose ofproblem determination.

generic security services application programming interface (GSS API)A common application programming interface (API) for accessing securityservices.

get In message queuing, to use the MQGET call to remove a message from aqueue and returns its contents to the calling application. Also see browseand put.

globally defined objectOn z/OS, an object whose definition is stored in the shared repository. Theobject is available to all queue managers in the queue-sharing group. Alsosee locally defined object.

Global Secure Kit (GSKit)Global Secure Kit is a set of programmable interfaces that allow anapplication to be SSL enabled.

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global traceA WebSphere MQ for z/OS trace option where the trace data comes fromthe entire WebSphere MQ for z/OS subsystem.

graphical user interface (GUI)A type of computer interface that presents a visual metaphor for a task, bycombining high-resolution graphics, pointing devices, menu bars and othermenus, overlapping windows, icons and the object-action relationship.

groupingSee message group.

GSS APISee Generic Security Services Application Programming Interface.

GTF See generalized trace facility.

GUI See graphical user interface.

H

HACMPSee High Availability Cluster Multiprocessing.

handshakeThe exchange of messages at the start of a Secure Sockets Layer sessionthat allows the client to authenticate the server using public key techniques(and, optionally, for the server to authenticate the client), then allows theclient and server to cooperate in creating symmetric keys for encryption,decryption, and detection of tampering.

hardened messageA message that is written to auxiliary (disk) storage so that the message isnot lost in the event of a system failure.

headerSee message header.

heartbeatIn software products, a signal that one entity sends to another to conveythat it is still active.

heartbeat flowA small packet sent from one end of the channel to the other at regularintervals to verify that the remote end of the channel is still working.Heartbeat flows are generally sent only during periods of inactivity on thechannel.

heartbeat intervalThe time, in seconds, that is to elapse between heartbeat flows.

hierarchyIn publish/subscribe messaging topology, a local queue manager connectedto a parent queue manager.

high availability cluster multiprocessing (HACMP)IBM’s solution for high-availability clusters on the AIX, Unix, and Linuxfor IBM System p platforms.

hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)In the Internet suite of protocols, the protocol that is used to transfer anddisplay hypertext documents.


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I

ICE See Intersystem Communications Environment.

identificationThe security service that enables each user of a computer system to beidentified uniquely. A common mechanism for implementing this service isto associate a user ID with each user.

identity contextInformation that identifies the user of the application that first puts themessage on a queue.

IFCID See instrumentation facility component identifier.

ILE See Integrated Language Environment®.

immediate shutdownIn WebSphere MQ, a shutdown of a queue manager that does not wait forapplications to disconnect. Current message queue interface (MQI) calls areallowed to complete, but new MQI calls fail after an immediate shutdownhas been requested. Also see controlled shutdown, preemptive shutdown.

impersonationA breach of communication security in which the information is passed toa person posing as the intended receiver or information is sent by a personposing as someone else. Also see eavesdropping, tampering.

inbound channelA channel that receives messages from another queue manager.

in-built formatSee built-in format. Also see application-defined format.

index In the WebSphere MQ Administration Interface (MQAI), a means ofreferencing data items. Also see queue index.

in-doubt unit of recoveryIn WebSphere MQ, the status of a unit of recovery for which a syncpointhas been requested but not yet confirmed.

inheritanceAn object-oriented programming technique that allows the use of existingclasses as a basis for creating other classes.

initialization input data setA data set used by WebSphere MQ for z/OS when it starts up.

initiation queueA local queue on which the queue manager puts trigger messages.

initiatorIn distributed queueing, a program that requests network connections onanother system. Also see responder.

input parameterA parameter of an MQI call in which you supply information when youmake the call.

insertion orderIn the WebSphere MQ Administration Interface (MQAI), the order thatdata items are placed into a data bag.

installable serviceIn WebSphere MQ on UNIX systems and WebSphere MQ for Windows,

Glossary 17

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additional functionality provided as independent component. Theinstallation of each component is optional: in-house or third-partycomponents can be used instead.

instanceIn object-oriented programming, an object of a particular class.

instance dataIn object-oriented programming, state information associated with anobject.

instrumentation eventA way of monitoring queue manager resource definitions, performanceconditions, and channel conditions in a network of WebSphere MQsystems.

instrumentation facility component identifier (IFCID)In DB2® Universal Database™ for z/OS, a value that names and identifies atrace record of an event that can be traced. As a parameter on the STARTTRACE and MODIFY TRACE commands, it specifies that thecorresponding event is to be traced.

Integrated Language Environment (ILE)A set of constructs and interfaces that provides a common run-timeenvironment and run-time bindable application program interfaces (APIs)for all ILE-conforming high-level languages.

Interactive Problem Control System (IPCS)A component of MVS™ and z/OS that permits interactive problemdiagnosis, and online debugging for disk-resident abend dumps.

Interactive System Productivity Facility (ISPF)An IBM licensed program that serves as a full-screen editor and dialogmanager. Used for writing application programs, it provides a means ofgenerating standard screen panels and interactive dialogs between theapplication programmer and terminal user.

interfaceIn object-oriented programming, an abstract model of behavior; a collectionof functions or methods.

internet protocol (IP)A protocol that routes data through a network or interconnected networks.Internet Protocol (IP) acts as an intermediary between the higher protocollayers and the physical network. Also see Transmission Control Protocol.

interprocess communication (IPC)The process by which programs communicate data to each other andsynchronize their activities. Semaphores, signals, and internal messagequeues are common methods of interprocess communication.

intersystem communication (ISC)A CICS facility that provides inbound and outbound support forcommunication from other computer systems.

Intersystem Communications Environment (ICE)A family of Compaq-based software products that enables you to access avariety of applications on Compaq computers.

IP See Internet Protocol.

IPC See interprocess communication.


IPCS See Interactive Problem Control System.

IPT See WebSphere MQ Internet pass-thru (IPT).

ISC See intersystem communication.

ISPF See Interactive System Productivity Facility.

J

Java EE Connector Architecture (JCA)A standard architecture for connecting the Java EE platform toheterogeneous enterprise information systems.

Java Message Service (JMS)An industry standardized application programming interface for the Javaprogramming language, which is part of the Java 2 Platform, EnterpriseEdition standard, used for interacting with messaging systems such asWebSphere MQ.

Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI)An extension to the Java platform that provides a standard interface forheterogeneous naming and directory services.

Java Runtime Environment (JRE)A subset of the Sun Microsystems Java Development Kit (JDK) thatcontains the core executable programs and files that constitute the standardJava platform. The JRE includes the Java virtual machine (JVM), coreclasses, and supporting files.

JCA See Java EE Connector Architecture.

JMS See Java Message Service.

JMSAdminAn administration tool that enables administrators to define the propertiesof WebSphere MQ JMS objects and to store them within a JNDInamespace.

JNDI See Java Naming and Directory Interface.

journalA feature of i5/OS that WebSphere MQ for i5/OS uses to control updatesto local objects. Each queue manager library contains a journal for thatqueue manager.

JRE See Java Runtime Environment.

K

keep aliveA TCP/IP mechanism where a small packet is sent across the network atpredefined intervals to determine whether the socket is still workingcorrectly.

KerberosAn authentication system developed at the Massachusetts Institute ofTechnology (MIT) that enables two parties to exchange private informationover an otherwise open network. It works by assigning a unique key,called a ticket, to each user that logs on to the network. The ticket is thenembedded in messages that are sent over the network. The receiver of amessage uses the ticket to authenticate the sender.

Glossary 19

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key authenticationSee authentication.

key repositoryA store for digital certificates and their associated private keys.

key ringz/OS name for a key repository.

L

LDAP See Lightweight Directory Access Protocol.

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)An open protocol that uses TCP/IP to provide access to directories thatsupport an X.500 model and that does not incur the resource requirementsof the more complex X.500 Directory Access Protocol (DAP). For example,LDAP can be used to locate people, organizations, and other resources inan Internet or intranet directory. In WebSphere MQ, LDAP is often used tostore certificate revocation lists and JMS administered objects.

linear loggingIn WebSphere MQ on UNIX systems, and WebSphere MQ for Windows,the process of keeping restart data in a sequence of files. New files areadded to the sequence as necessary. The space in which the data is writtenis not reused. Also see circular logging.

link level securityThe security services that are invoked, directly or indirectly, by a messagechannel agent (MCA), the communications subsystem, or a combination ofthe two working together.

listenerA program that detects incoming requests and starts the associatedchannel.

local definition of a remote queueA WebSphere MQ object belonging to a local queue manager that definesthe attributes of a queue that is owned by another queue manager. Inaddition, it is used for queue-manager aliasing and reply-to-queue aliasing.

locale On UNIX systems, a subset of a user’s environment that definesconventions for a specific culture (such as time, numeric, or monetaryformatting and character classification, collation, or conversion). The queuemanager CCSID is derived from the locale of the user ID that created thequeue manager.

locally defined objectOn z/OS, an object whose definition is stored on page set zero. Thedefinition can be accessed only by the queue manager that defined it. Alsosee globally defined object.

local queueA queue that belongs to the local queue manager. A local queue cancontain a list of messages waiting to be processed. Also see remote queue.

local queue managerThe queue manager to which the program is connected and that providesmessage queuing services to the program. The local queue manager issometimes referred to as the source queue manager. A queue manager to


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which a program is not connected is called a remote queue manager, evenif it is running on the same system as the program. Also see remote queuemanager.

log In WebSphere MQ, a file recording the work done by queue managerswhile they receive, transmit, and deliver messages, to enable them torecover in the event of failure.

log control fileIn WebSphere MQ on UNIX systems, and WebSphere MQ for Windows,the file containing information needed to monitor the use of log files (forexample, their size and location, and the name of the next available file).

log fileIn WebSphere MQ on UNIX systems, and WebSphere MQ for Windows, afile in which all significant changes to the data controlled by a queuemanager are recorded. If the primary log files become full, WebSphere MQallocates secondary log files.

logical unit (LU)In SNA, a port or window through which a user accesses the SNA networkto communicate with another user, and uses the functions provided bysystem services control points (SSCPs). An LU can support at least twosessions--one with an SSCP and one with another LU--and may be capableof supporting many sessions with other LUs.

logical unit 6.2A type of logical unit that supports general communications betweenprograms in a distributed processing environment. LU 6.2 is characterizedby (a) a peer relationship between session partners, (b) efficient use of asession for multiple transactions, (c) comprehensive end-to-end errorprocessing, and (d) a generic application programming interface (API)consisting of structured verbs that are mapped into a productimplementation.

The LU type that supports sessions between two applications using APPC.

logical unit of work identifier (LUWID)A name (consisting of a fully qualified LU network name, alogical-unit-of-work (LUW) instance number, and an LUW sequencenumber) that uniquely identifies a logical unit of work within a network.

log recordA set of data that is treated as a single unit in a log file.

log record sequence number (LRSN)An alternative technique to RBA for addressing log records.

LRSN See log record sequence number.

LU See logical unit.

LU 6.2 conversationIn SNA, a logical connection between two transaction programs over anLU 6.2 session that enables them to communicate with each other.

LU 6.2 conversation level securityIn SNA, a conversation level security protocol that enables a partnertransaction program to authenticate the transaction program that initiatedthe conversation. LU 6.2 conversation level security is also known as enduser verification.

Glossary 21

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LU 6.2 sessionIn SNA, a session between two logical units (LUs) of type 6.2.

LU nameIn a z/OS environment, the name by which VTAM® refers to a node in anetwork. Also see logical unit.

LUWIDSee logical unit of work identifier.

M

managed destinationA queue that is provided by the queue manager, as the destination towhich published messages are to be sent, for an application that elects touse a managed subscription. Also see managed subscription.

managed handleAn identifier that is returned by the MQSUB call when you specify that thequeue manager is to manage the storage of messages that are sent to thesubscription.

managed subscriptionA subscription for which the queue manager creates a subscriber queue toreceive publications, because the application does not require a specificqueue to be used.

marshalingSee serialization.

MCA See message channel agent.

MCI See message channel interface.

media imageIn WebSphere MQ on UNIX systems and WebSphere MQ for Windows, thesequence of log records that contain an image of an object. The object canbe re-created from this image.

messageA communication sent from a person or program to another person orprogram.

In system programming, information intended for the terminal operator orsystem administrator.

message affinityThe relationship between conversational messages that are exchangedbetween two applications, where the messages must be processed by aparticular queue manager or in a particular sequence.

message bodyThe part of the message that contains the message payload. Also seemessage header.

message channelIn distributed message queuing, a mechanism for moving messages fromone queue manager to another. A message channel comprises two messagechannel agents (a sender at one end and a receiver at the other end) and acommunication link.


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message channel agent (MCA)A program that transmits prepared messages from a transmission queue toa communication link, or from a communication link to a destinationqueue.

message channel interface (MCI)The WebSphere MQ interface to which customer- or vendor-writtenprograms that transmit messages between a WebSphere MQ queuemanager and another messaging system must conform. A part of theWebSphere MQ Framework. Also see message queue interface.

message consumerA program or function that is invoked by a message when one thatmatches the application’s requirement becomes available. In JMS, an objectthat is created within a session, to receive messages from a destination.Also see event handler and call back

message descriptorControl information describing the message format and presentation that iscarried as part of a WebSphere MQ message. The format of the messagedescriptor is defined by the MQMD structure.

message exitA type of channel exit program that is used to modify the contents of amessage. Message exits usually work in pairs, one at each end of achannel. At the sending end of a channel, a message exit is called after themessage channel agent (MCA) has got a message from the transmissionqueue. At the receiving end of a channel, a message exit is called beforethe message channel agent (MCA) puts a message on its destination queue.

message flow controlA distributed queue management task that involves setting up andmaintaining message routes between queue managers.

Message Format Service (MFS)An editing facility that allows application programs to deal with simplelogical messages instead of device-dependent data, thus simplifying theapplication development process.

message groupA group of logical messages. Logical grouping of messages allowsapplications to group messages that are similar and to ensure the sequenceof the messages.

message handleA reference to a message. The handle can be used to obtain access to themessage properties of the message.

message headerThe part of a message that contains control information such as a uniquemessage ID and the message format. Also see message body

message input descriptor (MID)The MFS control block that describes the format of the data presented tothe application program. Also see message output descriptor.

message listenerAn object that acts as an asynchronous message consumer.

message output descriptor (MOD)The MFS control block that describes the format of the output dataproduced by the application program. Also see message input descriptor.

Glossary 23

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message priorityIn WebSphere MQ, an attribute of a message that can affect the order inwhich messages on a queue are retrieved, and whether a trigger event isgenerated.

message producerIn JMS, an object that is created by a session and that is used to sendmessages to a destination.

message propertyData that is associated with a message, consisting of a textual name and avalue of a particular type. Message properties are used by messageselectors to filter publications to topics or to selectively get messages fromqueues. Message properties can be used to include business data or stateinformation without having to store it in the message data.

message queue interface (MQI)The programming interface provided by WebSphere MQ queue managers.The programming interface allows application programs to access messagequeuing services. Also see message channel interface.

message queue management (MQM)In MQSeries® for Compaq NonStop Kernel, a facility that provides accessto PCF command formats and control commands to manage queuemanagers, queues, and channels.

message queuingA programming technique in which each program within an applicationcommunicates with the other programs by putting messages on queues.

message-retryAn option available to an MCA that is unable to put a message. The MCAcan wait for a predefined amount of time and then try to put the messageagain.

message segmentOne of a number of segments of a message that is too large either for theapplication or for the queue manager to handle.

message selectorIn application programming, a message selector is a variable-length string,whose syntax is based on a subset of the SQL92 conditional expressionsyntax, that is used by an application to register its interest in only thosemessages whose properties satisfy the Structured Query Language (SQL)query that the selection string represents.

message tokenA unique identifier of a message within an active queue manager.

message sequence numberingA programming technique in which messages are given unique numbersduring transmission over a communication link. This enables the receivingprocess to check whether all messages are received, to place them in aqueue in the original order, and to discard duplicate messages.

methodIn object-oriented design or programming, the software that implementsthe behavior specified by an operation.

MFS See Message Format Service.


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Microsoft Cluster Server (MSCS)A technology that provides high availability by grouping computers intoMSCS clusters. If one of the computers in the cluster hits any one of arange of problems, MSCS shuts down the disrupted application in anorderly manner, transfers its state data to another computer in the cluster,and re-initiates the application there.

Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS)A facility that helps Windows users run business logic applications in amiddle tier server. MTS divides work up into activities, which are shortindependent chunks of business logic.

MID See message input descriptor.

MOD See message output descriptor.

model queue objectA set of queue attributes that act as a template when a program creates adynamic queue.

MQAI See WebSphere MQ Administration Interface.

MQI See Message Queue Interface.

MQI channelA connection between a WebSphere MQ client and a queue manager on aserver system. An MQI channel transfers only MQI calls and responses in abidirectional manner.

MQM See message queue management.

MQSCSee WebSphere MQ script commands.

MQSeriesA previous name for WebSphere MQ.

MSCS See Microsoft Cluster Server.

MTS See Microsoft Transaction Server.

multi-hopTo pass through one or more intermediate queue managers when there isno direct communication link between a source queue manager and thetarget queue manager.

N

namelistA WebSphere MQ object that contains a list of names, for example, queuenames.

name serviceIn WebSphere MQ on UNIX systems and WebSphere MQ for Windows, thefacility that determines which queue manager owns a specified queue.

name service interface (NSI)The WebSphere MQ interface to which customer- or vendor-writtenprograms that resolve queue-name ownership must conform. A part of theWebSphere MQ Framework.

name transformationIn WebSphere MQ on UNIX systems and WebSphere MQ for Windows, an

Glossary 25

internal process that changes a queue manager name so that it is uniqueand valid for the system being used. Externally, the queue manager nameremains unchanged.

nested bagIn the WebSphere MQ Administration Interface (MQAI), a system bag thatis inserted into another data bag

nestingIn the WebSphere MQ Administration Interface (MQAI), a means ofgrouping information returned from WebSphere MQ.

NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System)A standard interface to networks, and personal computers that is used onlocal area networks to provide message, print-server, and file-serverfunctions.

Network Basic Input/Output SystemSee NetBIOS.

New Technology File System (NTFS)A Windows recoverable file system that provides security for files.

node In Microsoft Cluster Server (MSCS), each computer in the cluster.

nondurable subscriptionA subscription that exists only as long as the subscribing application’sconnection to the queue manager remains open. The subscription isremoved when the subscribing application disconnects from the queuemanager either deliberately or by loss of connection. Also see durablesubscription.

nonpersistent messageA message that does not survive a restart of the queue manager. Also seepersistent message.

NSI See name service interface.

NTFS See New Technology File System.

NUL See null character.

null character (NUL)The character hex 00 used to represent the absence of a displayed orprinted character.

O

OAM See object authority manager.

object In WebSphere MQ, a queue manager, a queue, a process definition, achannel, a namelist, authentication information object, administrative topicobject, listener, service object, or (z/OS only) a CF structure object or astorage class.

In object-oriented design or programming, a concrete realization (instance)of a class that consists of data and the operations associated with that data.An object contains the instance data that is defined by the class, but theclass owns the operations that are associated with the data.

object authority manager (OAM)In WebSphere MQ on UNIX systems, WebSphere MQ for i5/OS, andWebSphere MQ for Windows, the default authorization service for


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command and object management. The OAM can be replaced by, or run incombination with, a customer-supplied security service.

object descriptorA data structure that identifies a particular WebSphere MQ object. Includedin the descriptor are the name of the object and the object type.

object handleThe identifier or token by which a program accesses the WebSphere MQobject with which it is working.

object-oriented programmingA programming approach based on the concepts of data abstraction andinheritance. Unlike procedural programming techniques, object-orientedprogramming concentrates not on how something is accomplished butinstead on what data objects comprise the problem and how they aremanipulated.

offloadingIn WebSphere MQ for z/OS, an automatic process whereby a queuemanager’s active log is transferred to its archive log.

open To establish access to an object, such as a queue or a topic.

Open Services Gateway Initiative (OSGi)OSGi provides a general purpose, secure, and managed Java framework,which supports the deployment of applications that come in the form ofbundles. OSGi compliant devices can download and install bundles, andremove them when they are no longer required. The framework managesthe installation and update of bundles in a dynamic and scalable fashion.WebSphere MQ classes for JMS includes OSGi bundles.

open systems interconnection (OSI)The interconnection of open systems in accordance with standards of theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) for the exchange ofinformation.

Open Transaction Manager Access (OTMA)A component of IMS that implements a transaction-based, connectionlessclient/server protocol in an MVS sysplex environment. The domain of theprotocol is restricted to the domain of the MVS Cross-System CouplingFacility (XCF). OTMA connects clients to servers so that the client cansupport a large network (or a large number of sessions) while maintaininghigh performance.

OPM See original program model.

origin contextInformation, usually supplied by the queue manager, that describes theapplication that put the message on the queue on which the message iscurrently stored.

original program model (OPM)The set of functions for compiling source code and creating high-levellanguage programs on the system before the Integrated LanguageEnvironment (ILE) model was introduced.

OSGi See Open Services Gateway Initiative.

OSI See open systems interconnection.

OSI directory standardThe standard, known as X.500, that defines a comprehensive directory

Glossary 27

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service, including an information model, a namespace, a functional model,and an authentication framework. X.500 also defines the Directory AccessProtocol (DAP) used by clients to access the directory. The LightweightDirectory Access Protocol (LDAP) removes some of the burden of X.500access from directory clients, making the directory available to a widervariety of machines and applications.

OTMASee Open Transaction Manager Access.

outbound channelA channel that takes messages from a transmission queue and sends themto another queue manager.

output log-bufferIn WebSphere MQ for z/OS, a buffer that holds recovery log records beforethey are written to the archive log.

output parameterA parameter of an MQI call in which the queue manager returnsinformation when the call completes or fails.

overloadingThe existence of more than one flavor of method with the same name oroperator, but with different signatures, within a class. The name oroperator remains the same, but the method parameters differ, with eachsignature requiring a separate implementation. Such methods usuallyexhibit the same behavior, despite differences in signature.

P

page setA VSAM data set used when WebSphere MQ for z/OS moves data (forexample, queues and messages) from buffers in main storage to permanentbacking storage (DASD). Also see buffer pool.

parent classA class from which another class inherits instance methods, attributes, andinstance variables. Also see abstract class.

partial repositoryA partial set of information about queue managers in a cluster. A partialrepository is maintained by all cluster queue managers that do not host afull repository. Also see full repository.

partner queue managerA term that is sometimes used to refer to the remote queue manager. Alsosee local queue manager.

PCF See programmable command format.

pending eventAn unscheduled event that occurs as a result of a connect request from aCICS adapter.

percolationIn error recovery, the passing along a preestablished path of control from arecovery routine to a higher-level recovery routine.

performance eventA category of event indicating that a limit condition has occurred.


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performance traceA WebSphere MQ trace option where the trace data is to be used forperformance analysis and tuning.

permanent dynamic queueA dynamic queue that is deleted when it is closed only if deletion isexplicitly requested. Permanent dynamic queues are recovered if the queuemanager fails, so they can contain persistent messages. Also see temporarydynamic queue.

persistent messageA message that survives a restart of the queue manager. Also seenonpersistent message.

PID See process ID.

ping The command that sends an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)echo-request packet to a gateway, router, or host with the expectation ofreceiving a reply.

PKI See public key infrastructure.

plaintextIn cryptography, any message that is not encrypted. Also see ciphertext.

platformIn WebSphere MQ, the operating system under which a queue manager isrunning.

point of recoveryIn WebSphere MQ for z/OS, a set of backup copies of WebSphere MQ forz/OS page sets and the corresponding log data sets required to recoverthese page sets. These backup copies provide a potential restart point inthe event of page set loss (for example, page set I/O error).

point-to-pointA style of messaging application in which the sending application knowsthe destination of the message. Contrast with publish/subscribe messaging.

polymorphismAn object-oriented programming characteristic that allows a method toperform differently, depending on the class that implements it.Polymorphism allows a subclass to override an inherited method withoutaffecting the parent class’s method. Polymorphism also enables a client toaccess two or more implementations of an object from a single interface.

preemptive shutdownIn WebSphere MQ, a shutdown of a queue manager that does not wait forconnected applications to disconnect, or for current MQI calls to complete.Also see controlled shutdown, immediate shutdown.

preferred computerThe primary computer used by an application running under MicrosoftCluster Server control. After a failover to another computer, MSCSmonitors the preferred computer until it is repaired, and as soon as it isrunning correctly again, moves the application back to it.

principalIn WebSphere MQ on UNIX systems and WebSphere MQ for Windows, aterm used for a user identifier. Used by the object authority manager forchecking authorizations to system resources.

Glossary 29

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privately defined objectSee locally defined object. Also see globally defined object.

private methods and instance dataIn object-oriented programming, methods and instance data that are onlyaccessible to the implementation of the same class.

process definition objectA WebSphere MQ object that contains the definition of a WebSphere MQapplication. For example, a queue manager uses the definition when itworks with trigger messages.

process IDThe identifier of the process that opened the queue.

producerA generic term for an application that creates and sends messages. Also seemessage producer and publisher.

programmable command format (PCF)A type of WebSphere MQ message used by the following applications: useradministration applications, to put PCF commands onto the systemcommand input queue of a specified queue manager, user administrationapplications, to get the results of a PCF command from a specified queuemanager, and a queue manager, as a notification that an event hasoccurred. Also see WebSphere MQ script commands.

program temporary fix (PTF)For zSeries®, i5/OS, and pSeries® products, a fix that is made available toall customers. A program temporary fix is tested by IBM. It contains a PTFrecord.

propertyA characteristic of an object that describes the object. A property can bechanged or modified. Properties can describe an object’s name, type, value,or behavior, among other things.

protected methods and instance dataIn object-oriented programming, methods and instance data that are onlyaccessible to the implementations of the same or derived classes, or fromfriend classes.

PTF See program temporary fix.

publicationIn publish/subscribe messaging, a piece of information about a specifiedtopic that is available to a queue manager, for delivery to subscribedapplications.

public key cryptographyA cryptography system that uses two keys: a public key known toeveryone and a private or secret key known only to the recipient of themessage. The public and private keys are related in such a way that onlythe public key can be used to encrypt messages and only thecorresponding private key can be used to decrypt them.

public key infrastructure (PKI)A system of digital certificates, certification authorities, and otherregistration authorities that verify and authenticate the validity of eachparty involved in an Internet transaction.


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public methods and instance dataIn object oriented programming, methods and instance data that areaccessible to all classes.

public-private keyA cryptography system that uses two keys: a public key known toeveryone and a private or secret key known only to the recipient of themessage. The public and private keys are related in such a way that onlythe public key can be used to encrypt messages and only thecorresponding private key can be used to decrypt them. Also seeasymmetric key cryptography, symmetric key cryptography.

publishTo make information about a specified topic available to a queue managerin a publish/subscribe system.

publisherAn application that makes information about a specified topic available toa queue manager in a publish/subscribe system. Also see producer.

publish/subscribeA style of messaging application in which the providers of information(publishers) are decoupled from the consumers of that information(subscribers) by using a topic. Contrast with point-to-point messaging.

publish/subscribe clusterA set of queue managers that are fully interconnected and that form part ofa multi-queue manager network for publish/subscribe applications.

put In message queuing, to use the MQPUT or MQPUT1 calls to placemessages on a queue. Also see get and browse.

Q

queue A WebSphere MQ object to which message queuing applications can putmessages, and from which they can get messages. Local queues cancontain a list of messages waiting to be processed. Queues of other typescannot contain messages: they point to other queues, or can be used asmodels for dynamic queues.

queued publish/subscribe daemonA program that supports the migration of publish/subscribe applicationsfrom a WebSphere MQ Version 6.0 environment (where publish/subscribeis performed by the broker) to an environment where publish/subscribe issupported by function in WebSphere MQ Version 7.0.

queue indexIn WebSphere MQ for z/OS, a list of message identifiers or a list ofcorrelation identifiers that can be used to increase the speed of MQGEToperations on the queue.

queue managerA system program that provides queuing services to applications. Itprovides an application programming interface so that programs can accessmessages on the queues that the queue manager owns.

An object that defines the attributes of a particular queue manager.

queue manager eventAn event that indicates one of the following: an error condition hasoccurred in relation to the resources used by a queue manager. For

Glossary 31

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example, a queue is unavailable, or a significant change has occurred inthe queue manager. For example, a queue manager has stopped or started.

queue manager groupIn a client channel definition table (CCDT), the group of queue managers aclient tries to connect to when a connection is established to a server. Thegroup is enumerated by matching the queue manager name provided byan application program in MQCONN or MQCONNX with the QMNAMEstring provided in the CCDT. The choice of queue manager to connect to isgoverned by the AFFINITY and CLNTWGHT parameters in the CCDT.

queue manager level securityIn WebSphere MQ for z/OS, the authorization checks that are performedusing RACF profiles specific to a queue manager.

queue manager setA grouping of queue managers in WebSphere MQ Explorer that allows youto perform actions on all of the queue managers in the group.

queue-sharing groupIn WebSphere MQ for z/OS, a group of queue managers in the samesysplex that can access a single set of object definitions stored in the sharedrepository, and a single set of shared queues stored in the coupling facility.Also see shared queue.

queue-sharing group level securityIn WebSphere MQ for z/OS, the authorization checks that are performedusing RACF profiles that are shared by all queue managers in aqueue-sharing group.

quiesced shutdownA type of shutdown of the CICS adapter where the adapter disconnectsfrom WebSphere MQ, but only after all the currently active tasks have beencompleted. Also see forced shutdown.

In WebSphere MQ, a shutdown of a queue manager that allows allconnected applications to disconnect. Also see immediate shutdown,preemptive shutdown.

quiescingIn WebSphere MQ, the state of a queue manager before it stops. In thisstate, programs are allowed to finish processing, but no new programs areallowed to start.

quorum diskThe disk accessed exclusively by Microsoft Cluster Server to store thecluster recovery log, and to determine whether a server is up or down.Only one server can own the quorum disk at a time. Servers in the clustercan negotiate for the ownership.

R

RACF See Resource Access Control Facility.

RAID See Redundant Array of Independent Disks.

RBA See relative byte address.

read aheadAn option that allows messages to be sent to a client ahead of anapplication requesting them.


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reason codeA return code that describes the reason for the failure or partial success ofa Message Queue Interface (MQI) call.

receive exitA type of channel exit program that is called just after the message channelagent (MCA) has regained control following a communications receive andhas received a unit of data from a communications connection. Also seesend exit.

receiver channelIn message queuing, a channel that responds to a sender channel, takesmessages from a communication link, and puts them on a local queue.

recovery logIn WebSphere MQ for z/OS, data sets containing information needed torecover messages, queues, and the WebSphere MQ subsystem. WebSphereMQ for z/OS writes each record to a data set called the active log. Whenthe active log is full, its contents are off-loaded to a DASD or tape data setcalled the archive log.

recovery termination manager (RTM)A program that handles all normal and abnormal termination of tasks bypassing control to a recovery routine associated with the terminatingfunction.

Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID)A collection of two or more disk physical drives that present to the host animage of one or more logical disk drives. In the event of a single physicaldevice failure, the data can be read or regenerated from the other diskdrives in the array due to data redundancy.

reference messageA message that refers to a piece of data that is to be transmitted. Thereference message is handled by message exit programs, which attach anddetach the data from the message so allowing the data to be transmittedwithout having to be stored on any queues.

registryIn a Microsoft Windows operating system, a database that contains systemconfiguration information regarding the user, the hardware, and theprograms and applications that are installed. Windows operating systemsrefer to the registry during operation.

Registry EditorIn Windows, the program item that allows the user to edit the registry.

registry hiveIn Windows systems, the structure of the data stored in the registry.

relative byte address (RBA)The offset of a data record or control interval from the beginning of thestorage space that is allocated to the data set or file to which it belongs.

remote queueA queue that belongs to a remote queue manager. Programs can putmessages on remote queues, but they cannot get messages from remotequeues. Also see local queue.

remote queue managerTo a program, a queue manager that is not the one to which the program

Glossary 33

is connected. Sometimes referred to as the partner queue manager or thetarget queue manager. Also see local queue manager.

remote queue objectA WebSphere MQ object belonging to a local queue manager. This objectdefines the attributes of a queue that is owned by another queue manager.In addition, it is used for queue-manager aliasing and reply-to-queuealiasing.

remote queuingIn message queuing, the provision of services to enable applications to putmessages on queues belonging to other queue managers.

reply messageA type of message used for replies to request messages. Also see reportmessage, request message.

reply-to queueThe name of a queue to which the program that issued an MQPUT callwants a reply message or report message sent.

report messageA type of message that gives information about another message. A reportmessage can indicate that a message has been delivered, has arrived at itsdestination, has expired, or could not be processed for some reason. Alsosee reply message, request message.

repositoryA collection of information about the queue managers that are members ofa cluster. This information includes queue manager names, their locations,their channels, what queues they host, and so on. See full repository andpartial repository.

repository queue managerA queue manager that hosts the full repository of information about acluster.

requester channelIn message queuing, a channel that can be started locally to initiateoperation of a server channel. Also see server channel.

request messageA type of message used to request a reply from another program. Also seereply message, report message.

request/replyA type of messaging application in which a request message is used torequest a reply from another application.

RESLEVELIn WebSphere MQ for z/OS, an option that controls the number of userIDs checked for API-resource security.

resolution pathThe set of queues that are opened when an application specifies an alias ora remote queue on input to an MQOPEN call.

resourceAny facility of a computing system or operating system required by a job,task, or executing program. Resources include main storage, input/outputdevices, the processing unit, data sets, files, libraries, folders, and control


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or processing programs. In WebSphere MQ for z/OS, examples ofresources are buffer pools, page sets, log data sets, queues, and messages.

Resource Access Control Facility (RACF)An IBM licensed program that provides access control by identifying usersto the system; verifying users of the system; authorizing access to protectedresources; logging detected, unauthorized attempts to enter the system;and logging detected accesses to protected resources.

resource adapterAn implementation of the Java Enterprise Edition Connector Architecturethat allows JMS applications and message driven beans, running in anapplication server, to access the resources of a WebSphere MQ queuemanager.

resource managerAn application, program, or transaction that manages and controls accessto shared resources such as memory buffers and data sets.

Resource Recovery Services (RRS)A z/OS facility that provides two-phase sync point support acrossparticipating resource managers.

responderIn distributed queuing, a program that replies to network connectionrequests from another system. Also see initiator.

resynchIn WebSphere MQ, an option to direct a channel to start up and resolveany in-doubt status messages, but without restarting message transfer.

retained publicationA published message that is kept at the queue manager for propagation toclients that subscribe in the future.

return codeThe collective name for completion codes and reason codes.

return-to-senderAn option available to an MCA that is unable to deliver a message. TheMCA can send the message back to the originator.

Rivest-Shamir-Adleman algorithm (RSA)A public-key encryption technology developed by RSA Data Security, Inc,and used in our implementation of SSL. The acronym stands for Rivest,Shamir, and Adelman, the inventors of the technique.

rollbackSee backout. Also see commit.

RRS See Resource Recovery Services.

RSA See Rivest-Shamir-Adleman algorithm.

RTM See recovery termination manager.

rules tableA control file containing one or more rules that the dead-letter queuehandler applies to messages on the dead-letter queue (DLQ).

S

SAF See System Authorization Facility.

Glossary 35

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SDK See software development kit.

SDWASee system diagnostic work area.

SECMECSee security mechanism.

Secure Sockets Layer (SSL)A security protocol that provides communication privacy. SSL enablesclient/server applications to communicate in a way that is designed toprevent eavesdropping, tampering, and message forgery.

security enabling interface (SEI)The WebSphere MQ interface to which customer- or vendor-writtenprograms that check authorization, supply a user identifier, or performauthentication must conform. A part of the WebSphere MQ Framework.

security exitA channel exit program that is called immediately after the initial datanegotiation has completed on channel startup. Security exits normallywork in pairs and can be called on both message channels and MQIchannels. The primary purpose of the security exit is to enable the messagechannel agent (MCA) at each end of a channel to authenticate its partner.

security identifierOn Windows systems, a supplement to the user ID that identifies the fulluser account details on the Windows security account manager databasewhere the user is defined.

security mechanism (SECMEC)A technical tool or technique that is used to implement a security service.A mechanism might operate by itself, or in conjunction with others, toprovide a particular service. Examples of security mechanisms includeaccess control lists, cryptography, and digital signatures.

security messageOne of the messages, sent by security exits that are called at both ends of achannel, to communicate with each other. The format of a security messageis not defined and is determined by the user.

security serviceA service within a computer system that protect its resources. Accesscontrol is an example of a security service.

Security Support Provider Interface (SSI)The means for networked applications to call one of several securitysupport providers (SSPs) to establish authenticated connections and toexchange data securely over those connections. It is available for use onWindows systems.

segmentationSee message segment.

SEI See security enabling interface.

selectorAn identifier for a data item. See message selector. Also see system selectorand user selector.

semaphoreIn UNIX systems, a general method of communication between twoprocesses that extends the features of signals.


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sender channelIn message queuing, a channel that initiates transfers, removes messagesfrom a transmission queue, and moves them over a communication link toa receiver or requester channel.

send exitA type of channel exit program that is called just before a message channelagent (MCA) issues a communications send to send a unit of data over acommunications connection. Also see receive exit.

Sequenced Packet Exchange protocol (SPX)A session-oriented network protocol that provides connection-orientedservices between two nodes on the network, and is used primarily byclient/server applications. It relies on the Internet Packet Exchange (IPX)protocol, provides flow control and error recovery, and guaranteesreliability of the physical network.

sequence number wrap valueIn WebSphere MQ, a method of ensuring that both ends of acommunication link reset their current message sequence numbers at thesame time. Transmitting messages with a sequence number ensures thatthe receiving channel can reestablish the message sequence when storingthe messages.

serializationIn object-oriented programming, the writing of data in sequential fashionto a communications medium from program memory.

server In WebSphere MQ, a queue manager that provides queue services to clientapplications running on a remote workstation.

In a network, hardware or software that provides facilities to otherstations. For example, a file server, a printer server, or a mail server. Thestation making the request of the server is usually called the client. Alsosee client.

server channelIn message queuing, a channel that responds to a requester channel,removes messages from a transmission queue, and moves them over acommunication link to the requester channel. Also see requester channel.

server connection channel typeThe type of MQI channel definition by which a client connects to a queuemanager on a server. Also see client connection channel type.

service intervalA time interval, against which the elapsed time between a put or a get anda subsequent get is compared by the queue manager in deciding whetherthe conditions for a service interval event have been met. The serviceinterval for a queue is specified by a queue attribute.

service interval eventAn event related to the service interval.

service objectA means by which additional processes can be started when the queuemanager starts, and stopped when the queue manager stops.

sessionA logical or virtual connection between two stations, programs, or deviceson a network that allows the two elements to communicate and exchangedata, or the activities that occur during the establishment, maintenance,

Glossary 37

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and release of the connection. A session can be activated and deactivatedas requested. In the JMS model, a session is an interface that provides acontext for producing and consuming messages.

session level authenticationIn Systems Network Architecture (SNA), a session level security protocolthat enables two logical units (LUs) to authenticate each other while theyare activating a session. Session level authentication is also known asLU-LU verification.

session level cryptographyIn Systems Network Architecture (SNA), a method of encrypting anddecrypting data that flows on a session between two logical units (LUs).

shared inbound channelIn WebSphere MQ for z/OS, a channel that was started by a listener usingthe group port. The channel definition of a shared channel can be storedeither on page set zero (private) or in the shared repository (global).

shared outbound channelIn WebSphere MQ for z/OS, a channel that moves messages from a sharedtransmission queue. The channel definition of a shared channel can bestored either on page set zero (private) or in the shared repository (global).

shared queueIn WebSphere MQ for z/OS, a type of local queue. The messages on thequeue are stored in the coupling facility and can be accessed by one ormore queue managers in a queue-sharing group. The definition of thequeue is stored in the shared repository. Also see queue-sharing group.

shared repositoryIn WebSphere MQ for z/OS, a shared DB2® database that is used to holdobject definitions that have been defined globally.

sharing conversationsThe sharing of a channel instance by more than one conversation.

shell A software interface between users and the operating system thatinterprets commands and user interactions and communicates them to theoperating system. A computer may have several layers of shells for variouslevels of user interaction.

signal In UNIX systems a simple method of communicating between twoprocesses. One process can inform the other when an event occurs.

signalingIn WebSphere MQ for z/OS and WebSphere MQ for Windows, a featurethat allows the operating system to notify a program when an expectedmessage arrives on a queue.

signatureThe collection of types associated with a method (the type of the returnvalue, if any, as well as the number, order, and type of each of themethod’s arguments).

single loggingA method of recording WebSphere MQ for z/OS activity where eachchange is recorded on one data set only. Also see dual logging.

single-phase backoutA method in which an action in progress must not be allowed to finish,and all changes that are part of that action must be undone.


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single-phase commitA method in which a program can commit updates to a commitmentresource without coordinating those updates with updates the program hasmade to resources controlled by another resource manager. Also seetwo-phase commit.

SIT See system initialization table.

SMF See System Management Facility.

SNA See Systems Network Architecture.

software development kit (SDK)A set of tools, APIs, and documentation to assist with the development ofsoftware in a specific computer language or for a particular operatingenvironment.

source queue managerA term that is sometimes used to refer to the local queue manager. Alsosee remote queue manager.

SPX See Sequenced Packet Exchange protocol.

SQL See Structured Query Language.

SQL92A version of the SQL standard.

SSI See Security Support Provider Interface.

SSL See Secure Sockets Layer

stanza A group of lines in a configuration file that assigns a value to a parametermodifying the behavior of a queue manager, client, or channel. InWebSphere MQ on UNIX systems a configuration (.ini) file can contain anumber of stanzas. Also see configuration file.

star-connected communications networkA network in which all nodes are connected to a central node.

storage classIn WebSphere MQ for z/OS, an object that refers to the page set that is tohold the messages for a particular queue. The storage class is specifiedwhen the queue is defined.

store and forwardThe temporary storing of packets, messages, or frames in a data networkbefore they are retransmitted toward their destination.

streamingIn object-oriented programming, the serialization of class information andobject instance data.

Structured Query Language (SQL)A standardized language for defining and manipulating data in a relationaldatabase.

subscribeTo request information about a topic.

subscriberA publish/subscribe application that requests information about a topic.

subscriptionA subscription is a record that contains the information about the topic or

Glossary 39

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topics that the subscriber is interested in and wishes to receive informationabout. The subscription information determines which publications areforwarded to the subscriber.

subsystemIn z/OS, a service provider that performs one or many functions, but doesnothing until asked. For example, each WebSphere MQ for z/OS queuemanager is a z/OS subsystem.

supervisor call (SVC)An instruction that interrupts the program being run and passes control tothe supervisor so that it can perform the specific service indicated by theinstruction.

SVC See supervisor call.

switch profileIn WebSphere MQ for z/OS, a RACF profile used when WebSphere MQstarts up or when a refresh security command is issued. Each switchprofile that WebSphere MQ detects turns off checking for the specifiedresource.

symmetric key cryptographyA system of cryptography in which the sender and receiver of a messageshare a single, common, secret key that is used to encrypt and decrypt themessage. Also see public-private key, asymmetric key cryptography.

symptom stringDiagnostic information displayed in a structured format designed forsearching the IBM software support database.

synchronous messagingA method of communication between programs in which a program placesa message on a message queue and then waits for a reply to its messagebefore resuming its own processing. Also see asynchronous messaging.

sync pointAn intermediate or end point during processing of a transaction at whichthe transaction’s protected resources are consistent. At a syncpoint, changesto the resources can safely be committed, or they can be backed out to theprevious syncpoint.

SYS1.LOGRECA service aid that contains important information about program andhardware errors.

sysplexSee system complex.

System Authorization Facility (SAF)A z/OS facility through with programs communicate with an externalsecurity manager such as RACF.

system bagA type of data bag that is created by the MQAI.

system complex (sysplex)A set of z/OS systems communicating and cooperating with each otherthrough certain multisystem hardware components and software servicesto process customer workloads.


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system control commandsCommands used to manipulate platform-specific entities such as bufferpools, storage classes, and page sets.

system diagnostic work area (SDWA)In a z/OS environment, the data that is recorded in a SYS1.LOGREC entrythat describes a program or hardware error.

system initialization table (SIT)A table containing parameters used by CICS on start up.

system itemA type of data item that is created by the MQAI.

System Management Facility (SMF)A z/OS facility that collects and records a variety of system and job-relatedinformation. For example, statistics, accounting information, andperformance data.

system selectorIn the WebSphere MQ Administration Interface (MQAI), a system itemidentifier that is included in the data bag when it is created.

Systems Network Architecture (SNA)An architecture that describes the logical structure, formats, protocols, andoperational sequences for transmitting information units through thenetworks and also the operational sequences for controlling theconfiguration and operation of networks. The layered structure of SNAallows the ultimate origins and destinations of information (the users) tobe independent of and unaffected by the specific SNA network servicesand facilities that are used for information exchange.

T

tamperingA breach of communication security in which information in transit ischanged or replaced and then sent on to the recipient. Also seeeavesdropping, impersonation.

target library high-level qualifier (thlqual)A high-level qualifier for z/OS target data set names.

target queue managerA term that is sometimes used to refer to the remote queue manager. Alsosee local queue manager.

task control block (TCB)A z/OS control block used to communicate information about tasks, withinan address space, that are connected to a z/OS subsystem such asWebSphere MQ for z/OS or CICS.

task switchingThe overlapping of I/O operations and processing between several tasks.In WebSphere MQ for z/OS, the task switcher optimizes performance byallowing some MQI calls to be executed under subtasks rather than underthe main CICS TCB.

TCB See task control block.

TCP See Transmission Control Protocol.

TCP/IPSee Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.

Glossary 41

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temporary dynamic queueA dynamic queue that is deleted when it is closed. Temporary dynamicqueues are not recovered if the queue manager fails, so they can containnonpersistent messages only. Also see permanent dynamic queue.

teraspaceA one terabyte temporary storage area that provides storage that is privateto a process.

termination notificationA pending event that is activated when a CICS subsystem successfullyconnects to WebSphere MQ for z/OS.

this In object-oriented programming, a keyword that identifies a special type ofpointer that references the class object in a member function.

thlqualSee target library high-level qualifier.

thread The basic unit of program execution. Several threads can run concurrently,performing different jobs.

thread IDThe identifier of the thread within the application process that has openedthe queue.

TID See transaction identifier. Also see thread ID.

time-independent messagingSee asynchronous messaging. Also see synchronous messaging.

TMF See Transaction Manager Facility.

TMI See trigger monitor interface.

topic In publish/subscribe messaging, a destination to which messages arepublished. Also see topic object and topic string.

topic aliasSee alias queue.

topic objectIn publish/subscribe messaging, an object that is stored on a queuemanager and that defines the behavior and security characteristics ofmessages that are published on a named topic.

topic stringIn publish/subscribe messaging, the name of a topic, defined as a characterstring, that describes the nature of the data that is published and that isused as the identifier for the topic.

topic wildcardSee wildcard.

TP See transaction program.

trace A facility for recording WebSphere MQ activity. The destinations for traceentries can include generalized trace facility (GTF) and the systemmanagement facility (SMF).

transactionA unit of processing consisting of one or more application programs,affecting one or more objects, that is initiated by a single request.


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transaction IDSee transaction identifier.

transaction identifier ( TID transaction ID)A unique name that is assigned to a transaction and is used to identify theactions associated with that transaction.

transaction managerA software unit that coordinates the activities of resource managers bymanaging global transactions and coordinating the decision to committhem or roll them back. WebSphere MQ can act as a transaction manageron non z/OS platforms.

Transaction Manager Facility (TMF)In MQSeries for Compaq NonStop Kernel, a subsystem to protect yourbusiness transactions and the integrity of your databases. Often usedsynonymously with NonStop Transaction Manager/MP.

transaction program (TP)A program that processes transactions in an SNA network.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)A communications protocol used in the Internet and in any network thatfollows the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standards forinternetwork protocol. TCP provides a reliable host-to-host protocolbetween hosts in packet-switched communications networks and ininterconnected systems of such networks. It uses the Internet Protocol (IP)as the underlying protocol. Also see Internet Protocol.

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP)An industry-standard, nonproprietary set of communications protocols thatprovide reliable end-to-end connections between applications overinterconnected networks of different types.

transmission programSee message channel agent.

transmission queueA local queue on which prepared messages destined for a remote queuemanager are temporarily stored.

trigger eventAn event, such as a message arriving on a queue, that causes a queuemanager to create a trigger message on an initiation queue.

triggered queueA local queue which, when it has triggering set on and when the triggeringconditions are met, requires that trigger messages are written.

triggeringIn Websphere MQ, a facility that allows a queue manager to start anapplication automatically when predetermined conditions on a queue aresatisfied.

trigger messageA message that contains information about the program that a triggermonitor is to start.

trigger monitorA continuously running application that serves one or more initiationqueues. When a trigger message arrives on an initiation queue, the trigger

Glossary 43

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monitor retrieves the message. It uses the information in the triggermessage to start a process that serves the queue on which a trigger eventoccurred.

trigger monitor interface (TMI)The WebSphere MQ interface to which customer- or vendor-written triggermonitor programs must conform. A part of the WebSphere MQFramework.

two-phase commitA protocol for the coordination of changes to recoverable resources whenmore than one resource manager is used by a single transaction. Also seesingle-phase commit.

type A fundamental data type of computer architecture, including, for example,character, string and integer.

U

UDP See User Datagram Protocol.

unauthorized accessGaining access to resources within a computer system without permission.

undelivered message queueSee dead-letter queue.

undo/redo recordA log record used in recovery. The redo part of the record describes achange to be made to a WebSphere MQ object. The undo part describeshow to back out the change if the work is not committed.

unit of recoveryA recoverable sequence of operations within a single resource manager,such as an instance of DB2 Universal Database for z/OS. Also seetransaction.

unit of workA recoverable sequence of operations performed by an application betweentwo points of consistency. A unit of work begins when a transaction startsor at a user-requested syncpoint or when requested by the application. Itends either at a user-requested syncpoint or at the end of a transaction.

user bagIn the WebSphere MQ Administration Interface (MQAI), a type of data bagthat is created by the user.

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)In the Internet suite of protocols, a protocol that provides unreliable,connectionless datagram service. It enables an application program on onemachine or process to send a datagram to an application program onanother machine or process.

user itemIn the MQAI, a type of data item that is created by the user.

user selectorIn the WebSphere MQ Administration Interface (MQAI), the identifier thatis placed with a data item into a data bag to identify the data item.WebSphere MQ provides predefined user selectors for WebSphere MQobjects.

utility In WebSphere MQ, a supplied set of programs that provide the system


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operator or system administrator with facilities in addition to thoseprovided by the WebSphere MQ commands.

V

value The content of a data item. This can be an integer, a string, or the handleof another bag.

virtual methodIn object-oriented programming, a method that exhibits polymorphism.

VSAMVirtual Storage Access Method, an access method for direct or sequentialprocessing of fixed-length and variable-length records on disk devices.

W

WebSphere MQA family of IBM licensed programs that provides message queuingservices.

WebSphere MQ classes for C++A set of classes that encapsulate the WebSphere MQ Message QueueInterface (MQI) in the C++ programming language.

WebSphere MQ classes for JavaA set of classes that encapsulate the WebSphere MQ Message QueueInterface (MQI) in the Java programming language.

WebSphere MQ classes for JMSThe Java Message Service (JMS) provider that is supplied with WebSphereMQ. As well as implementing the interfaces defined in the javax.jmspackage, WebSphere MQ classes for JMS provides two sets of extensions tothe JMS API.

WebSphere MQ classes for .NETA set of classes that allow a program written in the .NET programmingframework to connect to WebSphere MQ as a WebSphere MQ client or toconnect directly to a WebSphere MQ server.

WebSphere MQ Administration Interface (MQAI)A programming interface that performs administration tasks on aWebSphere MQ queue manager through the use of data bags. Data bagsallow the user to handle properties (or parameters) of WebSphere MQobjects.

WebSphere MQ clientPart of a WebSphere MQ product that can be installed on a system withoutinstalling the full queue manager. The WebSphere MQ client accepts MQIcalls from applications and communicates with a queue manager on aserver system. Also see client.

WebSphere MQ ExplorerThe graphical user interface in which you can administer and monitorWebSphere MQ objects, whether they are hosted by your local computer oron a remote system.

WebSphere MQ Internet pass-thru (IPT)A WebSphere MQ base product extension supplied in SupportPac™ MS81.It enables two queue managers to exchange messages, or a WebSphere MQclient application to connect to a queue manager, over the Internet withoutrequiring a direct TCP/IP connection.

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WebSphere MQ script commands (MQSC)Human readable commands, uniform across all platforms, that are used tomanipulate WebSphere MQ objects. Also see programmable commandformat.

WebSphere MQ serverA queue manager that provides queuing services to one or more clients.All the WebSphere MQ objects, for example queues, exist only on thequeue manager system, that is, on the MQI server machine. A server cansupport local MQI applications as well.

wildcardA character that can be specified in subscriptions to match a range oftopics.

Windows NT® Challenge/ResponseThe authentication protocol that is used on networks that include WindowsNT systems and on standalone systems.

wiretappingThe act of gaining access to information that is flowing along a wire or anyother type of conductor used in communications. The objective ofwiretapping is to gain unauthorized access to information without beingdetected.

X

XCF See cross-system coupling facility.

X/Open XAThe X/Open Distributed Transaction Processing XA interface. A proposedstandard for distributed transaction communication. The standard specifiesa bidirectional interface between resource managers that provide access toshared resources within transactions, and between a transaction servicethat monitors and resolves transactions.

X.500 The directory services standard of the International TelecommunicationUnion (ITU), the International Standards Organization (ISO), and theInternational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).

X.509 The International Telecommunication Union standard for a public keyinfrastructure (PKI) and Privilege Management Infrastructure (PMI).

X.509 certificateA certificate that contains information that is defined by the X.509standard.

Y

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COPYRIGHT LICENSE:

This information contains sample application programs in source language, whichillustrate programming techniques on various operating platforms. You may copy,modify, and distribute these sample programs in any form without payment toIBM, for the purposes of developing, using, marketing or distributing applicationprograms conforming to the application programming interface for the operatingplatform for which the sample programs are written. These examples have notbeen thoroughly tested under all conditions. IBM, therefore, cannot guarantee orimply reliability, serviceability, or function of these programs. You may copy,modify, and distribute these sample programs in any form without payment toIBM for the purposes of developing, using, marketing, or distributing applicationprograms conforming to IBM’s application programming interfaces.

The following are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation inthe United States, or other countries, or both:

AIX® CICS DB2DB2 Universal Database FFST First Failure Support

Technologyi5/OS IBM IBMLink™

IMS Integrated LanguageEnvironment

MQSeries

MVS OS/390 Parallel SysplexpSeries RACF SupportPacVTAM WebSphere z/OSzSeries


Java and all Java-based trademarks are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in theUnited States, other countries, or both.

Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation inthe United States, other countries, or both.

UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and othercountries.

Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks ofothers.

Notices 49


Sending your comments to IBM

If you especially like or dislike anything about this book, please use one of themethods listed below to send your comments to IBM.

Feel free to comment on what you regard as specific errors or omissions, and onthe accuracy, organization, subject matter, or completeness of this book.

Please limit your comments to the information in this book and the way in whichthe information is presented.

To make comments about the functions of IBM products or systems, talk to yourIBM representative or to your IBM authorized remarketer.

When you send comments to IBM , you grant IBM a nonexclusive right to use ordistribute your comments in any way it believes appropriate, without incurringany obligation to you.

You can send your comments to IBM in any of the following ways:v By mail, to this address:

User Technologies Department (MP095)IBM United Kingdom LaboratoriesHursley ParkWINCHESTER,HampshireSO21 2JNUnited Kingdom

v By fax:– From outside the U.K., after your international access code use 44-1962-816151– From within the U.K., use 01962-816151

v Electronically, use the appropriate network ID:– IBM Mail Exchange: GBIBM2Q9 at IBMMAIL– IBMLink: HURSLEY(IDRCF)– Internet: [email protected]

Whichever method you use, ensure that you include:v The publication title and order numberv The topic to which your comment appliesv Your name and address/telephone number/fax number/network ID.



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