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The project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 810809
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Webinars: PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMME
22-25 September 2020
ORGANIZER
SESSION 2. STANDARDS FOR CERTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PV MODULES
The project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 810809
In this presentation an overview of the certification process of PV modules and related IEC standards will be given focusing on the IEC 61215 and IEC 61730 series which address performance and safety issues respectively. It will also be explained the standardized procedures to correctly measure the maximum power of different PV technologies and main parameters influencing uncertainty assessment (IEC 60904-1). Insights on bifacial characterization according to IEC 60904-1-2
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PV MODULE TESTING What is certification? TO DECLARE THAT A PRODUCT OR SERVICE FULFILLLS THE REQUIREMENTS OF A STANDARD
Why certification?
Not only because it is a requirement for commercialization
– From the point of view of final user:
• To verify reliability of products
• To ensure work in good operating conditions for certain years
• To avoid risks during installation and operation
– From the point of view of developers and manufacturers
• To check designs against common performance conditions
• To define the scope of the warranties
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PV MODULES TESTING
The standard
– Many people around the world, meeting together on working groups (WG´s), have applied their best knowledge and experience in the definition of the tests that will ensure safety and reliability of the products
The testing
– Accredited laboratories (TL´s) test a sample of modules against the standards issued by the working groups
The certification
– Certification bodies (CB´s) ensure, through the appropriate manufacturing audits, that the processes used to manufacture the modules tested in the certification laboratories are kept the same for all the production to be sold • CBTL (CB + TL) scheme, ensures the quality of the
product to be sold
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PV MODULES TESTING
Most relevant IEC standards (PV modules):
• IEC 61215 –Performance qualification
• IEC 61730 –Safety qualification
• IEC 60904 series – Related to electrical
characterization
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PV MODULES TESTING
STANDARD TITLE
IEC 61215:2016
PV MODULES - DESIGN QUALIFICATION AND TYPE APPROVAL
Part 1 - test requirements
IEC 61215-1-1 c-Si
IEC 61215-1-2 CdTe
IEC 61215-1-3 a-Si / μ-Si
IEC 61215-1-4 CIGS / CIS
Part 2– test procedures
IEC 61730:2016 PV MODULE SAFETY QUALIFICATION - Part 1: Requirements for construction
- Part 2: Requirements for testing
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PV MODULES TESTING
IEC-61215: Design qualification and type approval of PV modules for terrestrial applications Diagnostics Tests + Aging tests + Diagnostic Tests
Characterization tests
IEC 61215
Marking & documentation
Testing
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PV MODULES TESTING
IEC 61215. Overview:
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PV MODULES TESTING
IEC 61215:
• MQT01: Visual inspection: Inspect visually modules before and after degradation tests
• MQT02: Maximum power determination: Determine maximum power for checking
degradation
• MQT03: Insulation test: Application of high voltage between frame and internal circuit
to verify electrical insulation
• MQT04: Measurement of temperature coefficients: I-V curve is measured at different
temperatures
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
0 20 40 60 80
Po
wer
(W)
Temperature (ºC)
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PV MODULES TESTING
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PV MODULES TESTING
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PV MODULES TESTING
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PV MODULES TESTING
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PV MODULES TESTING
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PV MODULES TESTING
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PV MODULES TESTING
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PV MODULES TESTING
IEC 61215:
• MQT15: Wet leakage current test: Place the module in a wetting solution,
applying a voltage between the solution and the internal circuit.
• MQT16: Static mechanical load test: Application of an uniform load to the
frontal and rear sides of the module. At least 2400 Pa.
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PV MODULES TESTING
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PV MODULES TESTING
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PV MODULES TESTING
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IEC 61215-1 Pass criteria
ELECTRICAL CIRCUITRY Samples are not permitted to exhibit an open-circuit during the tests.
VISUAL DEFECTS There is no visual evidence of a major defect
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
a) The insulation test (MQT 03) requirements are met after the tests.
b) The wet leakage current test (MQT 15) requirements are met at the beginning and the
end of each sequence.
POWER OUTPUT
a) Verification of rated label values Gate No. 1
b) Maximum power degradation during type approval testing Gate No. 2
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IEC 61215-1 Pass criteria
If two or more modules fail to meet the test criteria, the design fails.
Should one module fail any test, two additional modules shall be subjected to the entire series
of tests of the respective test sequence.
• If one or both of these modules also fails, the design fails
• If both modules pass the test sequence, the design passes
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PV MODULES TESTING
IEC 61730-1:2016 Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification – Part 1: Requirements for construction
Marking and documentation
Electrical components and insulation (Internal&external wiring, Junction boxes for PV modules,
Frontsheets and backsheets, Insulation barriers, Electrical connections, Encapsulants and Bypass diodes )
Mechanical and electromechanical connections (Screw connections , Rivets, Thread-cutting screws
Form/press/tight fit, Connections by adhesives and Other connections)
Materials (Polymeric and metallic)
Adhesives
Protection against electric shock
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IEC 61730-2:2016
IEC 61730-2:2016 Photovoltaic (PV) module safety qualification – Part 2: Requirements for testing
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IEC 61730-2
MST 51 Thermal cycling (TC50 or TC200) – MQT 11
MST 52 Humidity freeze (HF10) – MQT 12
MST 53 Damp heat (DH1000) – MQT 13
MST 54 UV preconditioning – MQT 10
MST 55 Cold conditioning – IEC 60068-2-1
MST 56 Dry hot conditioning – IEC 60068-2-2
Environmental stress tests
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IEC 61730-2
MST 01 Visual inspection – MQT 01
MST 02 Performance at STC – MQT 6.1
MST 03 Maximum power determination – MQT 02
MST 04 Insulation thickness –
MST 05 Durability of markings IEC 60950-1 –
MST 06 Sharp edge test ISO 8124-1 –
MST 07 Bypass diode functionality test –
General inspection
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IEC 61730-2
MST 11 Accessibility test IEC 61032 –
MST 12 Cut susceptibility test ANSI/UL 1703:2015 –
MST 13 Continuity test for equipotential bonding ANSI/UL 1703:2015 –
MST 14 Impulse voltage test IEC 60664-1 –
MST 16 Insulation test – MQT 03
MST 17 Wet leakage current test – MQT 15
MST 42 Robustness of terminations test IEC 62790 MQT 14
Electrical shock hazard tests
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IEC 61730-2
MST 21 Temperature test ANSI/UL 1703:2015 –
MST 22 Hot-spot endurance test – MQT 09
MST 23* Fire test – National/Local code
MST 24 Ignitability test ISO 11925-2 –
MST 25 Bypass diode thermal test – MQT 18
MST 26 Reverse current overload test ANSI/UL 1703:2015 –
Fire hazard tests
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IEC 61730-2
MST 32 Module breakage test ANSI Z97.1 –
MST 33 Screw connection test IEC 60598-1 –
MST 34 Mechanical load test – MQT 16
MST 35 Peel test ISO 5893 –
MST 36 Lap shear strength test ISO 4587:2003 –
MST 37 Materials creep test –
MST 42 Robustness of terminations test MQT 14
Mechanical stress tests
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IEC 61730-2 PASS CRITERIA
VISUAL DEFECTS There is no visual evidence of a major defect
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
a) The insulation test (MST 16) requirements are met after the tests.
b) The wet leakage current test (MST 17) requirements are met at the beginning and the end of each
sequence.
Withstanding voltage:
61730: up to 2000 V + 4·Vsys
No dielectric breakdown
Insulation resistance:
500 V or Vsys
Raisl > 40 MΩ·m2
