CHAPTER 17:THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

AND JAPAN

We have not had the Ottoman Empire on any AP Exam in 3 years so pay attention:

1. The Ottoman Empire is TURKEY today. That means that they are an Islamic empire

2. They lasted from 1491 all the way to World War 1 (1918)3. They are the ones who finally detsroyed Constantinople and brought

down the Byzantine Empire in 1491. That’s when they made it Islamic.

4. Except they speak Turkish, not Arabic. They are also mostly Sunni, not Shia.

5. Also, their leaders are called SULTANS, not Caliphs or Shtrakhmans.6. It is mostly a land-based empire, no ships.

As you can see from the map above, the Ottoman Empire controlled Turkey, Greece, Egypt, much of North Africa, and some of the Middle East. Basically, they took over everything the Byzantine Empire had and the Romans before them (especially in the Middle East). They’re also kind of like the last Islamic Empire.

**Of course ISIS wants to create a NEW Caliphate but we won’t let them, right?!

Notice they also controlled Israel, Jesruslam and Mecca; the 3 holiest places. But after they lose in WWi, all that goes out the window. During WWI (1914-1918), they sided with ze Germans and lost (oops!). That’s when their empire ended and became known as….Turkey. This is also when Constantinople became known as…..Istanbul (where I went with my parents for their 40th Wedding Anniversay way back in September while you were slaving away in school ) That’s also where I took all those pictures of mosques with my parents.

So the Ottoman Empire lasted from 1451 (end of the Byzantine Empire) to WWI (1918). That’s how many___ years math nerds?

CHARACTERISTICS FOR ESSAY #3 OR ESSAY #21. Since they were so large they had a lot of Christians and Jews in

their empire so they had to provide SOME religious freedom.

2. ………………..but only Muslims could really get ahead. Just like the Islamic Caliphates that would tax non-Muslims and not let them get good jobs. They would also enslave non-Muslim, Jews or Christians (People of the Book).

Unfortuntaley, slavery is something that can be found in ALL empires. It only became illegal in the US in 1865 with the Civil War!

3. The thing is though…………they would also kidnap Christian children and

A. throw them in the army. B. force them to learn Turkish C. Could you image Christopher Chong, Robert Cedeno or

Hannalee in a Turkish military outfit? I CAN!

They were called the Janissaries- They were usually the Sultan’s bodyguards- They wore special uniforms- 6000 of these teenages were killed when they tried to revolt in 1826- You had to be between 6-14 years old.- Jews were never taken (I don’t know why)- Forced to become Islamic- Forced to be circumcised

The movie ‘DRACULA UNTOLD’

This movie is all about how the Turks would go into Transylvania and kidnap Christian kids. Transylvinia is in mobern day Romania (Eastern Europe) and was ALL controlled by the Turks during the Ottoman days.

You see, Count Dracula (when he was normal) would have to give the Ottomans money (AKA tribute). Every conquered area had to give EVERY ruling empire tribute, or $$. Even the Aztecs and their villages.

But in the movie, the Ottoman Sultan, Sultan Mehmet II, wants kids….

Ya see, if ur army needed soldiers, where you gonna get them? Every empire we have studied has forced people into the military; either their own citizesn, conquered people, or slaves. The Romans with conquered people. China with pesants. India with peasnats. The Ottomans with kids. Mr. Shtrakhman’s class with Pre-IB Sophomores. I’m afraid u have no choice

This is when Count Vlad the Impaler makes a deal with the dark side (Nicola and Victoria) and turns into a blood sucking vampire.

So the notion of slavery, or forced military service, is somehing you can WRITE ABOUT ON EVERY ESSAY. Evne the United States had the DRAFT during the Civil War, WWI, WWII and Vietnam. (Hopefully, that’s it!!)

Fast forward to the 1800’sThe rest of the world is industrializing (Essay #2) like England, America and Europe, so the Ottomans realize they have to as well.

THE YOUNG OTTOMANS OR ‘THE YOUNG TURKS’- Wanted a Democracy- Wanted a Constitution- Rights for women!!!- More modern stuff like technology and education- No more Emperor- We can be Muslim and modern too!!!

Fast forward to the 1900’sThe Ottoman Empire does the impossible and separates POLITICS from RELIGION, just like in the United States.

Today, Turkey is the ONLY real democracy in the Middle East and in their constitution it states that “Turkey can NEVER be a Muslim country”. There MUST be Freedom of Religion and the Right to vote!

It’s modern, but kind of poor!

When the Empire collapses at the end of WWI, it breaks up into:Turkey, Greece, Romania, Bulgaria, Egypt etc.

INFO ON THE OTTOMANS.The Ottoman Empire existed for so long (1451-1919) that you can include them on almost any essay for 500 years. In addition, they represent Islam (and Christianity and Jews) as well as Central Asia, Europe, the Middle East and North Africa.

SULTAN MEHMET II

He was known as Mehmet the Conqueror and he was the one who finally brought down Constantinople and ended the 1000 year Byzantine Empire. He also renamed the capital…..Istanbul!!!!!

COOL FACTS ABOUT MEHMET II: (STUFF U CAN USE ON AN ESSAY) Had 5 different wives ! Also had 5 children (what a coincidence) Conquered Constantinople when he was only 21 year old Kind of like Alexander the Great in that regard Wore funny hats.

THE HAGIA SOPHIA (pronounced Haya---Sofia)

The Hagia Sophia is the giant Church that Emperor Justinian built in Constantinople. It’s in the pictures with me and my parents in addition to the Blue Mosque in Turkey. In Greek it means ‘holy wisdom’. Shtrakhman is Greek for ‘omniscient’.

Originally, Emperor Justinian of the Byzantine Empire built it as a CHURCH (Eastern Orthodox, not Catholic!), but when Constantinople fell, the Ottoman Turks and Sultan Mehmet II turned the Hagia Sophia into a mosque. Today it is a museum and costs 57 Turkish Lira, or about $20.00. That’s also when they added the 4 minarets you see in the picture.

It’s also where ISIS detonated a bomb that killed 10 German tourists back in December.

Remember, Emperor Justinian was the guy in the Byzantine Empire who tried to win back some of the lands the Roman lost:

1. He tried to take Western Europe back from the Vikings and the Germans- NOPE!

2. He tried to take North Africa back from the Muslims- NOPE!

3. He tried to take Egypt back from the Muslims- NOPE!4. He tried to take the Middle East back as well- NOPE!

CHAPTER 17: PART 2 CHINA AND JAPAN TRY TO MODERNIZE IN THE 1800’S

AS WELLNow that we learned about how Turkey and the Ottoman Empire grew up, let’s look at China and Japan.

Hint: Japan grew up REAL FAST and China kind of never did; they just became Communist.

JAPANJAPANESE HISTORYIf you remember correctly, everybody has always tried to take over Japan. That’s why they hate foreigners.- First it was the Han Dynasty- Then it was the Tang and the Song- Finally it was the Mongols

*In fact, the word KAMIKAZE, which means ‘divine wind’, comes from when 2 hurricanes that blew the Mongol ships away when they tried to steal all their sushi (kidding )

But nobody could completely take over Japan! (cuz of the Samurai!) Places like Japan, Korea and Vietnam will get Buddhism, Confucianism, and the Chinese Civil Service Exam, but JAPAN will NEVER be taken over. They will do business with China, but that’s it!

As a result, Japan became the most isolated country on the planet. They kicked all the foreigners out and they even told their own citizens “You are NOT allowed to travel!”

THEY HATED EUROPE AND AMERICA.WHY?

1. After Europe became THE MAN they sent Catholic and Christian missionaries all over China, Japan, Vietnam and Korea with their Bibles. As a result, the Japanese kicked them out and cut the heads off of any Christians who stayed. Nice!

2. Then, AMERICA starts telling Japan what to do also!!!America sent a Commodore of the Navy, Commodore Perry, with a group of American Navy ships fitted in all-black. These were known as the famous “black ships”. Commodore Perry tells Japan that they WILL trade with the United States or else!!

He tells the Japanese:“You WILL trade with us, or we will blow you out of the ocean with our

guns, and our cannons, and our industrialized navy!”

You see, America had GUNS, SHIPS, CANNONS. The Samurai and Japanese Emperor were POWERLESS

The Meiji Restoration: Japan’s Civil War(1870-1900) RIGHT AFTER AMERICA’S CIVIL WAR)

Shoguns: Generals and Warlords of different areas (Shtrakhman) Daimyo: Feudal lord dudes. (Jesse Lulla and Markal Kelly) Samurai: His warriors (the peons of 6th and 7th hour) Freshmen: target practice Shintoism/ Confucianism: Their religion

The Japanese Tokugawa Shogunate surrendered to the Americans and man were the Samurai UPSET!!!!!!

The Japanese knew they had to industrialize to keep up with America and Europe.

- The Samurai wanted to keep Japan in the Middle Ages, using swords and stuff, but the intelligentsia and those with money wanted to industrialize. They fight a brutal Civil War in 1870--- The samurai lose!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

** If a Samurai disgraced himself or didn’t do his homework he had to commit seppuku, or ritual suicide, by taking their samurai swords and stabbing themselves in the stomach. It was only in this way that they could maintain their honor.

- The modernizers put a 15 year old on the throne. - His name was ‘MEIJI’ or ‘ENLIGHTENED RULE’ .

How many of YOU could run a country at the age of 15?! You can’t even keep your rooms clean!

- Meiji gets rid of Confucianism= everyone’s equal. Freshmen = Sophomores!!!!- Can’t carry swords around anymore (Dammit!)- They start building railroads and developing electricity.- They start wearing Western clothes and buying Justin Bieber C.D.’s

Fun fact: the Japanese island of Okinawa used to have the most people over 100 years old. But then they got McDonald and KFC and now no one is that old!

JAPAN WILL INDUSTRIALIZE VERY QUICKLY SUCCESFULLY.How do we know?

1. Honda2. Toyota

3. Mitsubishi4. Sony

5. Nintendo6. Hitachi

THE YEAR IS 1870-1900!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! B4 WWI AND WWII

CHINA in the 1800’sCHINA DOES NOT INDUSTRIALZE…THEY JUST BECOME COMMUNIST!

You gotta feel BAD for China. They go from being the strongest country in the world, nicknamed “THE MIDDLE KINGDOM”, to being Europe’s *#$%^.

China invents, guns, printing, silk, etc, and Europe comes along and TAKES OVER.

By this point England has already taken control of India. And in India they will grow Poppy flowers, which are used to make heroine, the most dangerous and addictive drug on the planet.

And the British sold all this heroine to China: England became the biggest drug dealer on the planet.

When the Emperor saw what was happening to his people in these disgusting opium dens (suicide, malnutrition, babies being abandoned, and even

death), he forbade Opium to be sold in China. Well, England wasn’t gonna have that, now were they?

England decided to GO TO WAR with China over their refusal to buy heroine. These were called the 2 Opium Wars (1835 and 1850) and England won both

of them. China was no match for England’s ships, guns, and cannons.

China COULD NOT industrialize in the 1800’s because Europe WOULDN”T LET THEM. You see, after Europe took over much of the world they wanted 3 things:1. Slaves2. Raw materials (diamonds, coal, ivory etc.)3. Customers for the stuff they made in factories.4. That’s what the 2 OPIUM WARS were all about.

So Europe and America saw places like China and Japan as CUSTOMERS for their stuff. What’s IRONIC about this is that now EVERTHING we buy is either made in China or Japan.

After Europe and America win the Opium Wars a new dynasty in China takes over. They are called the Manchu Dynasty (named after the awesome Manchu Mustaches they wore. Extra credit if u come in with one)

Unfortunately, China remain a poor, backwards nation that is still practicing FOOTBINDING, CONFUCIANISM, with millions of pesamts, toins of poverty and an EMPEROR who couldn’t care less.

There are so many peasants and so much poverty that in 1949 China will become Communist under Mao Zedong (Chapter 19). We won’t go too deeply into this but you should know that after 4000 years of peasants abuse China finally has a Revolution in 1949.

HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTS:PLEASE MAKE A SPEEC CHART FOR THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

SPEEC

PART 2: HOMEWORK QUESTIONS

JAPAN1. Why didn’t Japan like foreigners?2. What happened during the Meiji Restoration?3. How would you characterize their industrialization?

CHINA: A. What were the Opium Wars all about?B. Why does China HATE foreigners?C. Why does China become Communist?

Ottoman Review Questions:1. When did the Byzantine Empire fall?2. What did the Ottomans change the name of

Constantinople to?3. Which religion were the Ottomans and how did they treat

others?4. Who were the YoungTurks and what did they want?5. Were they successful? Provide proof:6. When does the Ottoman Empire fall?7. What kind of a country is Turkey today?

SHOULD I GIVE U AN ESSAY #2 OR AN ESSAY #3 ON THIS……………………………………………………..

EVERYTHING BELOW IS EITHER OTTOMAN EMPIRE OR ASIA 1800-1900

SHORT CONCLUSION:Japan: Is forced to modernize by the United States.

The Ottoman Empire: Modernizes quite quickly and becomes the only country in the Middle east where religion and politics are kept separate, as they should be.

China: Never really modernizes and becomes Communist in 1949.

PLEASE MOVE ON TO CHAPTER 18: AFRICAN IMPERIALISM

CHAPTER 19: WWI AND WWIICHAPTER 20: THE 21ST CENTURY……………………

REMEMBER, all of these SPEEC Charts will be your Study Guides for Essay #2 and Essay #3 on the AP Exam in May.