Ako MāoriLearn Māori

Ako TuatahiFirst Learning

Ko __________________ tōku ingoa.Nō __________________ au.

Zine version 3.01

Rārangi Upoko Contents

Whārangi Kaupapa

3 He Puna Reo (A Spring of Language)

4 Ngā Mihi (The Greetings)

5 How this zine works

6 Whakahuatanga (Pronunciation) Mita (Language Variations)

7 He kīanga whaihua mō te whakaako - Useful phrases for teaching

8 Akoranga Tahi (Lesson 1) Ahaka ma (Whakaharatau Whakahuatanga Tahi - Pronunciation Practice 1)Waitaha (Whakaharatau Whakahuatanga Rua - Pronunciation Practice 2)

9 1-1 - He Mihi (Greetings)

10 1-2 - He Pōwaiwai (Farewells) 11 Papa Tuhituhi (Notes) + Ngā Pae mō te Akoranga Tahi (Revision for Lesson 1)

12 Akoranga Rua (Lesson 2) 2-1 – Nō hea? From where?Translations (Mahi Tuhituhi Tahi – Writing Exercise 1)

13 2-2 – Ko wai? Who?Translations (Mahi Tuhituhi Rua – Writing Exercise 2)Papa Tuhituhi (Notes)

14 Ngā Pae mō te Akoranga Rua (Revision for Lesson 2)Akoranga Toru (Lesson 3)What is a mihi?

15 Mihi StructureWrite your mihi (Mahi Tuhituhi Toru – Writing Exercise 3)

16 3-0 – Wetereo Mihi - Mihi Grammar

17 Translations (Mahi Tuhituhi Whā – Writing Exercise 4)Mihi reading (Mahi Tuhituhi Rima – Writing Exercise 5)

18 Ngā Pae mō te Akoranga Toru (Revision for Lesson 3)Akoranga Whā (Lesson 4)

19 Whakaari Tahi – Play 1

20 Word translations (Mahi Tuhituhi Ono – Writing Exercise 6)Translations (Mahi Tuhituhi Whitu – Writing Exercise 7)

21 - 23 Papa Tuhituhi (Notes)

24 – 27 Kete Kupu

28 Karakia + Waiata

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He Puna Reo - A Spring of Language – Here are most of the kupu (words) covered in Ako Tuatahi:

Tūāhua – Shaping Words (Adjectives)pai good/fine/easy nui large/significant tere fastora well/healthy/fit/healed tūpato cautious/careful pōturi slowmārie peaceful roa long kaha strong

Tūingoa – Naming Words (Nouns)ata morning ahiahi afternoon pō night/darknesskura school ingoa name rā day/sunwhare house rākau tree/stick manu bird/kitewaka canoe/vehicle maunga mountain iwi people/nationawa river kai food whārangi pagehoa friend kaiako teacher/learner tauira student/example

Ngā Kupu Whakapapa – Relationship Wordstupuna/tipuna (singular), tūpuna/tīpuna (plural) ancestor (any gender), two generations or more abovekui/kuia grandmother/great aunt/elderly lady female family member two generations abovekoro/koroua grandfather/great uncle/elderly man male family member two generations abovewhaea/mama mother/aunt/female teacher/lady female family member one generation above matua/pāpā father/uncle/male teacher/man male family member one generation abovemātua/pakeke parents (pakeke also means “adult”) kaumātua elder (man or woman)whaea kēkē aunt matua kēkē uncletuakana older sibling (same sex) teina younger sibling (same sex)tuahine sister of a male tungāne brother of a femalemātaamua eldest sibling pōtiki youngest siblingwaenganui middle sibling whaiāipo lover, partner, fiancétāne man/husband wahine woman/wifehoa tāne boyfriend hoa wahine girlfriendhoa friend kare close friendtamaiti child tamariki childrentama boy/son tamāhine/kōtiro girl/daughtermokopuna/moko grandchild hoa rangatira spouse (leading friend)

Tūmahi – Working Words (Verbs)haere go/depart/travel nau come/go kōrero speakpātai question whakarong

olisten titiro look

kite see tū stand noho sit/staywaiata sing karakia chant moe sleep

Tūpou – Pillar Words (Pronouns)au I/me (the speaker) koe you (the listener) ia she/he, her/him (the other)

kōrua you two (two listeners) rāua they/them (two others)koutou you (three or more listeners) rātou they/them (three or more others)

Pūtohu – Sign Words (Articles)te the (singular, describing one item) ngā the (plural, describing two or more items)

Pūriro – Obtained Articles (Possessive Articles)tōku my (possessed by speaker) tōu your (possessed by listener) tōna her/his (possessed by other)

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Ngā Mihi The Greetings22/10/2015

Tēnā koutou katoa,

Ko Mauao te maunga,Ko Waitao te awa,Ko Mataatua te waka,Ko Ngāi Te Rangi, ko Ngā Pōtiki a Tamapahore me Ngāti Pāhehā i Ingarangi ngā iwi.Ko Taiaho Hōri Ngātai te tipuna,Ko Tahuwhakatiki te marae.Ko Regan Stokes tōku ingoa, Ko Kupu tōku ingoa Māori;E noho ana au i Ōtautahi.

I started learning te reo Māori in earnest in 2013. Previous to that I had learnt disparate parts of the language from a variety of sources, but I never seemed to retain very much because phrases were often presented in isolation; I learnt that ‘Kia ora’ meant ‘Hello’ but what I really wanted to know was what ‘Kia’ and ‘ora’ meant so that I could understand the relationship between words and be able to switch in other words to create new phrases. It wasn’t until I found the amazing book He Whakamārama by John Foster that my reo took off; his grammatical approach to teaching resonated with me and I therefore owe him a huge mihi for both inspiring my own learning and the format of this zine. I must also acknowledge and thank the incredible kaupapa of Te Ataarangi for inspiring the immersion aspect of this course which aims to encourage confidence in speaking and understanding the spoken language.

I believe that learning a language becomes a lot easier and more enjoyable when you find an approach that works for you, whether it is grammatical, oral, visual, kinaesthetic, rote learning, musical, or any other method that works. Ako Māori has a focus on immersion combined with grammar explanations, which I hope will benefit as many people as possible. However, if this approach does not work for you, do not give up; you will find a way that suits your preferred learning style if you continue to search. This zine has primarily been created to accompany the Ako Māori community nightclasses held in Ōtautahi Christchurch throughout 2014 and 2015, but I hope that this resource can stand as a learning tool to help teach te reo Māori to those who cannot attend physical classes as well.

My father is of a generation that was not encouraged to speak te reo Māori outside of the home. The Native Schools Act of 1867 ruled that English would be the only language used or heard in New Zealand’s schools, and Māori children were still being physically disciplined right up until the 1970s for speaking te reo Māori in the classroom or on the school field. Many people are surprised when they hear this, and further surprised to learn that it was only with the Māori Language Act of 1987 that Māori was declared an official language in the country that has housed it for upwards of 800 years. This tragic history only makes it all the more significant that you are sitting here reading this zine; every spoken word of te reo Māori is a triumph in itself, and a small step towards a positive bilingual and bicultural future for Aotearoa New Zealand as we being an increasingly multicultural society.

I would like to firstly thank you for taking an interest in learning te reo Māori, a language that has been pushed close to extinction but has survived through the continued efforts of our amazing tīpuna, to whom I cannot thank enough. I would also like to thank the many kaiako who have taught me over the years, not only reo but important lessons in tikanga Māori as well. Thank you to everyone who has attended the Ako Māori courses and in turn allowed me to test and improve my teaching and resources. Finally, ngā mihi nunui to my friends who have been a great support in my path of learning, in particular Joshua Toki and Damien Taylor who have been walking it with me, and of course my whānau who have encouraged and taught me, and my parents to whom I owe everything.

Ako tonu.

Ngā mihi whakamana ki a koutou katoa,

Regan Stokesstokes.regan@gmail.com How this zine works4

A zine (pronounced like magazine) is a self-published, low-budget publication that can be about anything, from music, art, poetry, politics, or in this case, education. Zines are an empowering medium for people to communicate their interests in a tangible form. In lieu of copyright, I rest my mana upon this resource and all works that carry the Ako Māori name. Free reproduction, distribution and use of this zine is allowed and encouraged for personal learning, providing I am acknowledged as the writer. Selling or profiting from this zine is strictly forbidden; if you would like to use or adapt this resource to teach other people, please contact me first at stokes.regan@gmail.com

Ako Māori Ako Māori is a series of night courses in Ōtautahi Christchurch which started in February 2014. All course resources are freely available at http://akomaori.wordpress.com/ with the long term aim being to create a series of resources that can be used around Aotearoa, both as an aid in face-to-face teaching and for people teaching themselves Māori on their own or in small community groups.

Kaupapa Rapunga Whakaaro Ako - Learning PhilosophyBased on my own experience in learning Māori, I believe that the first priority in learning an oral language is to master pronunciation. Once pronunciation is relatively fluid, grammar can be focussed on, with a secondary emphasis on vocabulary acquisition. After a good handle on grammar has been established, vocabulary acquisition can become the priority, with grammar switching to a secondary focus. As a result, Ako Tuatahi focusses on improving confidence in pronouncing Māori correctly, whilst Ako Tuarua focusses more on grammar. When translating, I will always start with Māori, then provide a direct word for word translation, followed by a contextual translation in brackets if required. For example, Kia ora - Be well (Hello/Thanks)

Hōputu - FormatThe main learning of this course comes in the form sections of learning known as rākau (trees), comprised of several hua (fruit/teachings). For example, there are two rākau for akoranga tahi (lesson 1), namely 1-1 (He Mihi) and 1-2 (He Poroaki). Each hua is given a unique number for easy identification. The numbering system works as such:

- The first number is the akoranga (lesson), for example Lesson 1- The second number is the rākau (tree), for example He Mihi (Greetings)- The third letter is the hua (fruit/teaching) which follows the format A-E-I-O-U-HA-HE-HI-HO-HU-KA….- If there is a + in front of the number, then this is a hua whānui (extension teaching) which will not be taught

during the nightclass but is included to allow anyone interested to read over at home. Hua whānui will also be shaded grey to emphasise their difference and can be skipped by anyone who wants to focus only on the main learning.

Therefore, 1-1A is the first hua of the first rākau in the first akoranga, whereas +1-2E is a hua whānui from the second rākau of the same lesson. Sometimes there may be a bracketed number in front which symbolises a different Ako course from the one you are reading (for example, (2)1-1A is the first hua of the first rākau of the first akoranga of Ako Tuarua).

Ngā Pae - The StepsNgā Pae are used for in-class activities as well as home revision, and are at the end of the rākau in an akoranga. The idea is to test yourself by reading the English phrase (written with the literal translation and then contextual translation in brackets), and then translating this into Māori, checking the relevant hua if you are unsure (referenced to the right of the question, e.g. 1A is a reference to hua A in the 1-1 rākau). Whakautu (answers) are on the right column; after guessing an answer, check if it’s correct on the other side and if you did get it correct, tick the first of the three empty boxes to the right. After three ticks (testing yourself on different occasions) you hopefully will have memorised and retained the learning. Once you’re confident in translating English to Māori, try it in reverse, starting with the answers and checking ngā pae to see if you’re correct. Here is a rundown of the three pae:

- Te Pae Tuatahi (The first step): The most basic, useful and common phrases from the akoranga.- Te Pae Tuarua (The second step): This step adds extra phrases that reinforce the grammatical rules.- Te Pae Tuatoru (The third step): This step adds phrases that are less common and slightly more difficult.

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Whakahuatanga - PronunciationPronunciation in te reo Māori is significantly easier than in te reo Ingarihi (English) because the vowels always retain the same sound regardless of the word. It is important to focus on correct pronunciation as your first goal when learning Māori.

- There are five vowels in Māori: A, E, I, O, UA is pronounced like the ‘a’ in ‘about’E is pronounced like the ‘e’ in ‘vet’I is pronounced like the ‘ea’ in ‘eat’O is pronounced like the ‘a’ in ‘walk’ U is pronounced like the ‘o’ in ‘to’

- There are short vowels (A, E, I, O, U) as well as long vowels (Ā, Ē, Ī, Ō, Ū) which have macrons - a macron is equivalent to doubling the vowel, so the word Māori could also be spelt Maaori (though macrons are much more common). See http://akomaori.wordpress.com/rauemi/enabling-macrons-on-your-keyboard/ for instructions on how to enable macrons on your computer keyboard.

- There are ten consonants in Māori: H, K, M, N, P, R, T, W, NG, WH- NG is pronounced like the ‘ng’ in ‘singing’; to say ‘ngā’, the tongue stays at the bottom of the mouth with the

tip touching the back of the lower teeth. To say ‘nā’, the tip of the tongue touches the roof of the mouth behind the upper teeth before lowering. Say “singing” and “sinning” to notice the difference in sounds.

- WH is pronounced like a soft ‘f’. - R is pronounced as a rolling R, almost sounding like an L. There is no lip movement when saying the Māori R;

the sound comes from the tongue starting at the top of the mouth and moving down.- T is pronounced softly, with the tongue behind the upper teeth and no lip movement.

- Each Māori word is made up of one or more syllables, with a syllable being either a vowel by itself or a consonant followed by a vowel. Māori words always end on a vowel. For example: Wha/ka/ta/ne, Ō/ta/u/ta/hi, Ngā/ru/a/wā/hi/a.

- A diphthong consists of two syllables put together, resulting in two different vowels next to each other (for example, ‘rua’, ‘mārie’). These become much easier to pronounce if you split up the syllables and then run them together as you become more confident with the pronunciation of each syllable (for example, ‘rua’ = ru…..a, ru…a, rua.)

- See http://hedc.otago.ac.nz/whakahuatanga/ for a great pronunciation resource created by the University of Otago which has audio clips of all vowels, consonants and diphthongs spoken by fluent speakers

Mita (Language Variations)In general, all fluent speakers of te reo Māori can understand each other regardless of their different mita (variations in language). In spite of this it is still important to note the different dialects of the language so that you understand why some kupu (words) in karakia, waiata and pānui (writings) from different areas can look slightly different.

- Some speakers in Te Tai Tokerau (Northland, above Auckland) will drop the W from WH; whakarongo becomes hakarongo.

- Some Tūhoe speakers drop the G from NG; whakarongo becomes whakarono.- Some speakers in Te Tai Hauāuru (West Coast, Taranaki) will drop the H from WH; whakarongo becomes

wakarongo.- Some speakers in the South Island (Te Tai Tonga/Te Waipounamu) will replace NG with K; whakarongo

becomes whakaroko (hence Aoraki being the Kāi Tahu name for Aorangi/Mount Cook).- Other areas do not use the above variations which is the style of language taught in this course; whakarongo

remains whakarongo.

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He kīanga whaihua mō te whakaako - Useful phrases for teachingIn providing this resource it needs to be emphasised that it is very easy to fall into the trap of tokenism, which

students can identify easily and actually diminishes the mana (spiritual power) of the language, so I encourage all kaiako (teachers/learners) to view this resource as a starting point for learning Māori as it is only genuine language

use which will have positive effects in the classroom. Also ensure you use phrases from all of the sections so students don’t simply associate Māori with being ordered around. Kia kaha, kia toa – be strong, be brave!

He Mihi Greetings He Pōwaiwai FarewellsKia ora – Be well (Hello/Thanks)Mōrena – MorningAta mārie – Morning peaceful (Peaceful morning)Ahiahi mārie – Afternoon peaceful Pō mārie – Evening peacefulTēnā koe – That you (Greetings to one person)Tēnā kōrua – That you two (Greetings to two people)Tēnā koutou – That you all (Greetings to three or more people)

Ka kite – Will see (See you)Ka kite wawe – Will see soonKa kite anō – Will see againMā te wā – In the future the time (See you later)Haere rā – Go over there (Goodbye to someone leaving)E noho rā – Stay over there (Goodbye to someone staying)Hei konei – In the future, here (See you here where I am)Hei konā – In the future, there where you are (See you there where you are)Hei korā – In the future, over there (See you over there)

He Whakahau Commands He Pātai QuestionsWhakarongo mai/Kōrero mai – Listen/Speak to meTitiro mai – Look at mePātai mai – Question meKia tere – Be fast (Hurry up)Whano – Proceed (Start)Karawhiua – Go for it (Start)Kāti – StopTaihoa – WaitE tū – Stand [Me tū – Should stand]E noho – Sit [Me noho - Should sit]Haere tonu – Go on (Keep going)Anō – Again

Kei te mārama koutou? – (Do you understand?)Kei te pai tēnei? – At the goodness this? (Is this good?)He pātai tāku – A question my (I have a question)He aha te kupu Māori mō ____ ? – What (is) the Māori word for ____?He aha te kupu Ingarihi mō ___? – What (is) the English word for ____?He aha te tikanga o te kupu __ ? – What (is) the meaning of the word ____?

He Whakanui Praise He Whakahoki ResponsesKa pai – GoodTino pai – Very goodTino pai tāu mahi – Very good your work (Your work is very good)Tau kē! – Awesome!Kei te tika tēnā – At the correctness, that by you (That is correct)Kei a koe te tika – At you, the correctness (You’re right)

Āe – YesKāo – NoAua – I don’t knowTērā pea – That perhaps (Maybe)Āna – AgreedTautoko – Support Kei a koe te tikanga – At you, the meaning (The decision is yours)He ___ te kupu Māori mō .... - ___ is the Māori word for ….

Ngā rā o te wiki Ngā marama o te tau Writing the day of the week / NumbersRāhina – MondayRātū – TuesdayRāapa – WednesdayRāpare – ThursdayRāmere – FridayRāhoroi – SaturdayRātapu - Sunday

The Māori calendar starts with matariki in JunePipiri - JuneHōngongoi – JulyHere-turi-kōkā – AugustMahuru – SeptemberWhiringa-ā-nuku – OctoberWhiringa-ā-rangi – NovemberHakihea – DecemberKohi-tātea – JanuaryHui-tanguru – FebruaryPoutū-te-rangi – MarchPaenga-whāwhā – AprilHaratua - May

Ko te Rāhina tēnei rā, te 8 o Hui-tanguru.This day is Monday, the 8th of February.

If you wish you can replace the number with the māori number:tahi – 1 iwa - 9rua – 2 tekau - 10toru – 3 tekau mā tahi - 11whā – 4 tekau mā rua -12rima – 5 rua tekau - 20 ono – 6 rua tekau mā whā - 24

whitu – 7 toru tekau - 30

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waru – 8 toru tekau mā tahi – 31Akoranga Tahi – Lesson 1 – Kia ora, Ka kite

Ngā hua o te akoranga neiThe fruits of this lesson (Lesson outcomes)

Whāinga Kāinga Home pursuits

- Clarify and develop confidence in Māori pronunciation- Greet and farewell others using both formal and casual phrases

- Greet and farewell others using te reo Māori- Read aloud any Māori words you see

Whakataukī o te wiki: He waka eke noa – A canoe which we are all in without exceptionKīwaha o te wiki: Patua te whakamā – Vanquish the fear

Kīanga o te wiki: [e] hoa – friend, mate e.g. Tēnā koe e hoa! (The ‘e’ is a term of address used when talking directly)

Whakaharatau Whakahuatanga Tahi - Pronunciation Practice 1 - Ahaka Ma(A HA KA MA) NA PA RA TA WA NGA WHA(E HE KE ME) NE PE RE TE WE NGE WHE(I HI KI MI) NI PI RI TI WI NGI WHI(O HO KO MO) NO PO RO TO WO NGO WHO

A E I O U(U HU KU MU) NU PU RU TU WU NGU WHU

Whakaharatau Whakahuatanga Rua - Pronunciation Practice 2 - WaitahaFold this page in half vertically, and with a hoa (friend), decide on one person to use the left side and one person to

use the right. Starting from the top, slowly read your first word (e.g. Papanui) to your hoa and let them write out the word above their first word (Hei Hei). Once they are finished, they will spell out your word to make sure it is correct

before you switch roles and they read their first word (Hei Hei) to you to spell. If you are experienced with Māori, use some of the following phrases:

Mō te kaituhi (for the writer) Mō te kaikōrero (for the speaker)He aha te kupu? - What (is) the word?Kōrero mai anō? - Speak to me again (Say it again?)Anō? - Again?He tika tēnei? - Correct, this? (Is this correct?)

He ________ te kupu. - The word is ________ .Āe - YesKāo - NoHe tika tēnā. - Correct that. (That is correct)

Wāhi(Places)

Papanui Tai Tapu Wāhi(Places) Hei Hei Aranui

Waimairi RangioraMairehau Kainga

Rohe (Regions)

Kaiapoi Waitaha Rohe (Regions)

Ōtautahi AkaroaTohu (Signs)

Ō Kete Upoko Aoraki Tohu (Signs)

Rapanui Te Herenga OraAwa (Rivers)

Ōtākaro Rakaia Awa (Rivers)

Waimakariri ŌpāwahoRoto (Lakes)

Te Waihora Wairewa Roto (Lakes)

Whakamātau WaikākārikiIwi (People)

Waitaha Ngāti Māmoe Iwi (People)

Ngāti Waiaki Ngāi TahuMarae (Meeting Houses)

Rēhua Tuahiwi Marae (Meeting Houses) Ngā Hau e Whā Rāpaki

Ngāti Moki ŌnukuTūtehuarewa Wairewa

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1-1 He Mihi – GreetingsA: KiaKia, when used at the start of a phrase, translates to “Be” or “Let (it) be”. Combining this with an adjective can create a mild command.

Kia ora - Be well/healthy (Hello/Thanks - casual greeting, also used as thanks or an acknowledgement of someone)Kia kaha - Be strongKia tūpato - Be carefulKia tere - Be fast (Hurry up)Kia pōturi - Be slow (Slow down)Kia roa te moe - Be long the sleep (Have a long sleep)

E: TēnāTēnā translates directly to “That (by you)”. Combining this with a personal pronoun creates a formal greeting.

Tēnā koe - That [is] you (Formal greetings to one person, also used as thanks or an acknowledgement)Tēnā kōrua - That [is] you (Formal greeting/acknowledgement to two people)Tēnā koutou - That [is] you (Formal greeting/acknowledgement to three or more people)

I: MārieMārie is a tūāhua/adjective that translates to “peaceful”:

Ata mārie - Morning peaceful (Peaceful morning - formal greeting)Ahiahi mārie - Afternoon peaceful (Peaceful afternoon - formal greeting)Pō mārie - Night peaceful (Peaceful night - formal greeting, used more often as a farewell)

+I: Nouns and adjectivesIn Māori, the noun always comes before the adjective. In English you would say “the big bird” whereas in Māori you say “te manu nui” (the bird big).

te rākau roa - the tree tall/long (the tall/long tree)te tamaiti tere - the child fast (the fast child)te pepa mā - the paper white (the white paper)

O: Mai/AtuMai and atu are both useful adverbs that give further meaning to verbs (doing words such as run and sit). Haere is a verb that translates to “go”.

Haere mai - Go [towards the speaker] (Formal welcome - for addressing manuhiri/guests)Nau mai - Come/go [towards the speaker] (Another formal welcome)Haere atu - Go [away from the speaker] (Leave me alone - useful for shooing away naeroa/mosquitos)Kōrero mai - Speak towards me (Talk to me)Pātai atu - Question [away from me] (Ask someone else)Whakarongo mai - Listen [to me] Titiro atu - Look [over there]

U: Other GreetingsMōrena - Morning (Casual greeting – a transliteration of the English greeting “morning”)Ngā mihi nui ki a koe/kōrua/koutou - The greetings large to you (Many large greetings to you - a useful phrase to greet others in a formal oratory setting. “Ngā mihi” is often used to sign off emails as a farewell)

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1-2 He Pōwaiwai - FarewellsA: Ka kiteKa kite translates directly to “Will see” - Ka indicates future tense and kite is a verb translating to “see” (Ka kite translates contextually to the informal “see you”). As with all verbs, like those in 111.4, an adverb can be added to give further meaning.

Ka kite anō - Will see again (See you again)Ka kite āpōpō - Will see tomorrow (See you tomorrow)

+A: Verb sentence structure The following examples show the basic structure of a verb sentence; tense marker (ka - future), followed by a verb (kite - see) and then the subject (au - I/me).

Ka kite au - Will see I (I will see)Ka kōrero au - Will speak I (I will speak)Ka haere koe - Will go you (You will go)Ka tū kōrua - Will stand you two (You two will stand)Ka haere mai koutou - Will go [to me] you (You will come to me)

E: HeiHei translates to “At (in the future)”.

Hei konei - At [this place] here (See you in the future where I am now / See you here)Hei konā - At [that place] there by you (See you in the future where you are now / See you there)Hei korā - At [that place] over there, away from both of us (See you in the future there / See you over there)Hei te kura - At the school (See you at school)Hei āpōpō - At tomorrow (See you tomorrow)Hei Oamaru au - At Oamaru I (I will be in Oamaru)

+E: Locative sentencesThe starters “I”, “Kei” and “Hei” all form the basis of locative sentences - saying where something is.

I Ōtautahi au - At [past] Christchurch I (I was in Christchurch)Kei Ōtautahi au - At [present] Christchurch I (I am in Christchurch)Hei Ōtautahi au - At [future] Christchurch I (I will be in Christchurch)

Kei te rākau au - At [present] the tree I (I am at the tree)Kei te rākau te manu - At [present] the tree the bird (The bird is at the tree)Kei te rākau roa te manu mā - At [present] the tree tall the bird white (The white bird is at the tall tree)

I hea koe? - At [past] where you? (Where were you?)I te rākau roa au - At [past] the tree tall I (I was at the tall tree)He aha koe? - A what you? (What are you?)He manu mā au. - A bird white I (I am a white bird)

I: RāRā can translate to many words, including “sun” and “day”, however in this context it means “over there”

Haere rā - Go over there (Go well - Formal farewell said to the people leaving)E noho rā - Stay over there (Stay well - Formal farewell said to the people staying)

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Papa Tuhituhi mō te Akoranga Tahi – Notes for Lesson 1

Ngā Pae mō te Akoranga Tahi – Revision for Lesson 1

PAE TAHI / akoranga tahi PAE TAHI / akoranga tahi1 Be well (Hello/Thanks) 1A 1 Kia ora 1A2 That you (Greetings to one) 1E 2 Tēnā koe 1E3 Will see (See you) 2A 3 Ka kite 2A4 Night peaceful (Peaceful night) 1I 4 Pō mārie 1I5 Go to me/towards the speaker

(Welcome)1O 5 Haere mai 1O

6 At tomorrow (See you tomorrow) 2E 6 Hei āpōpō 2E

PAE RUA / akoranga tahi PAE RUA / akoranga tahi7 That you

(Greetings to two)1E 7 Tēnā kōrua 1E

8 Morning peaceful (Peaceful morning)

1I 8 Ata mārie 1I

9 Stay over there (Stay well) 1A 9 E noho rā 1A10 Go away (Leave me alone) 1O 10 Haere atu 1O11 That you

(Greetings to three or more)1E 11 Tēnā koutou 1E

12 Go over there (Go well) 2I 12 Haere rā 2I

PAE TORU / akoranga tahi PAE TORU / akoranga tahi13 Be strong 1A 13 Kia kaha 1A14 Afternoon peaceful

(Peaceful afternoon)1I 14 Ahiahi mārie 1I

15 Be careful 1A 15 Kia tūpato 1A16 Be fast (Hurry up) 1A 16 Kia tere 1A17 At here (See you here) 2E 17 Hei konei 2E18 At the school (See you at school) 2E 18 Hei te kura 2E

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Akoranga Rua – Lesson 2 – Nō hea? Ko wai?Ngā hua o te akoranga nei

The fruits of this lesson (Lesson outcomes)Whāinga Kāinga

Home pursuits- Ask “What is your name?” and “Where are you from?”

- Learn basic tūpou/pronouns (au, koe, ia) and tūtohu mau/possessive articles (tōku, tōu, tōna)

- Use “What is your name ?” and “Where are you from?” in everyday conversation

- Read aloud any Māori words you seeWhakataukī o te wiki: Aroha ki te tangata, ahakoa ko wai te tangata. Love the person, regardless of who they are.

Kīwaha o te wiki: Āe – Yes Kāo - No

2-1 Nō hea? From where?A: Nō hea koe? - Where are you from?This is an important question in te ao Māori (the Māori world) as it asks where you are from. While the pātai (question) can be interpreted as asking where someone is from or where they belong, it is generally easiest to see it as asking where you were born or raised (if you were born in one place but then raised somewhere else, it is up to you what place you answer with). As with most questions in Māori, simply answer by replacing the question word with the answer. Sometimes the dialectual variation “Nō whea” is heard which has the same meaning as “Nō hea”.

Nō hea koe? – From where you? (Where are you from?)Nō Whakatū au. – From Nelson I (I am from Nelson.)

Sometimes people will answer with their iwi when asked where they are from, for example Nō Ngāti Ranginui au.

E: Tūpou Takitahi – One-person pronounsTūpou/pronouns are words such as I, you and us which can be used instead of a noun. The Māori pronoun system is extremely logical and important as its basic triangle structure runs throughout many word groups in te reo Māori.

au (sometimes seen as ahau) – I/me (first person - the speaker)koe – you (second person – the listener)ia – he/she, him/her (third person – the outsider/someone not being directly spoken to)

See above (121.1) for an example of how koe and au interchange in questions just like in English. ia stays the same:

Nō hea ia? – From where she/he (Where is she/he from?)Nō Ōtepoti ia. – From Dunedin she/he (She/he is from Dunedin)

+E: Kei hea? At where?Whilst “Nō” means “from”, as in a fixed place where you originate from, the word “Kei” means “at” in the present tense, meaning the place where are are currently located in a temporary sense. “Nō” and “Kei” sentences have a very similar structure:

Nō hea koe? Nō Tāmaki-makau-rau au. – From where you? From Auckland I. Kei hea koe? – At where you?Kei Ōtautahi au. – At Christchurch I. Kei hea kōrua? – At where you two?Kei Oamaru māua. – At Oamaru us two (meaning the speaker and another person, but not the listener)Kei hea te pene? – At where the pen?Kei te kura te pene. – At the school the pen.

Mahi Tuhituhi Tahi – Writing Exercise 1 - Translate these sentences into Māori/English:Nō Tekapō au.

Where are you from?Nō hea ia?

She is from Christchurch.

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2-2 Ko wai? Who?A: Pūriro - Possessive Articles 1You have already learnt the tūpou used when talking about a single person (au, koe, ia); here are the one-person possessive articles (tūtohu mau) that each link with a particular tūpou:

tōku – my (first person; possessed by au/me)tōu – your (second person; possessed by koe/you)tōna – her/his (third person; possessed by ia/her or him)

While you can use a tūpou on its own, a tūtohu mau is usually followed by a noun (e.g. tōku ingoa – my name)E: Ko wai tōu ingoa? - What is your name?In te ao Māori, it is considered rude to say to someone “Ko wai koe?” (Who are you?). It is much more polite to ask “Ko wai tōu ingoa?” (Who is your name?). Ko sentences are used to make statements. The word “Ko” has no specific translation but has the effect of emphasising the following word as the most important part of the sentence.

Ko wai tōu ingoa? - Who your name? (What is your name?)Ko Werohia tōku ingoa. – Werohia my name. (Werohia is my name)Ko wai tōna ingoa? – Who his/her name? (What is his/her name?)Ko Hera tōna ingoa. – Hera her name. (Hera is her name)+E Ko wai tōu whaea?Replace “ingoa” with a family word such as “whaea” (mother) or “matua” (father) to ask about whānau. See He Puna Reo on page 3 for more kupu whānau (family words).

Ko wai tōu whaea? Ko Hera tōku whaea.Ko wai tōna matua? Ko Wiri tōna matua.

Mahi Tuhituhi Rua – Writing Exercise 2 - Translate these sentences into Māori/English:Ko Ira tōku ingoa.

What is your name?Ko wai tōna ingoa?

His name is Edwin Hubble.

Papa Tuhituhi mō te Akoranga Rua – Notes for Lesson 2

Ngā Pae mō te Akoranga Rua – Revision for Lesson 2 13

PAE TAHI / akoranga rua PAE TAHI / akoranga rua1 From where you?

(Where are you from?)1A 1 Nō hea koe? `1A

2 From Christchurch I (I am from Christchurch.)

1A 2 Nō Ōtautahi au. 1A

3 From Timaru she. (She is from Timaru.)

1E 3 Nō Timaru ia. 1E

4 Who your name? (What is your name?)

2E 4 Ko wai tōu ingoa? 2E

5 Tono my name (Tono is my name.) 2E 5 Ko Tono tōku ingoa. 2E6 Werama his name.

(Werama is his name.)2E 6 Ko Werama tōna ingoa. 2E

PAE RUA / akoranga rua PAE RUA / akoranga rua7 From Oamaru you.

(You are from Oamaru.)1A 7 Nō Oamaru koe. 1A

8 From Dunedin I (I am from Dunedin.)

1A 8 Nō Ōtepoti au. 1A

9 From Hokitika he. (He is from Hokitika.)

1E 9 Nō Hokitika ia. 1E

10 Who her name? (What is her name?)

2E 10 Ko wai tōna ingoa? 2E

11 From where he? (Where is he from?) 1E 11 Nō hea ia? 1E12 Tenia Tapa your name

(Tenia Tapa is your name.)2E 12 Ko Tenia Tapa tōu ingoa. 2E

PAE TORU / akoranga rua PAE TORU / akoranga rua13 (Are you from Tauranga?) 1A 13 Nō Tauranga koe? 1A14 (Is your name Ripeka?) 2E 14 Ko Ripeka tōu ingoa? 2E15 (Where am I from?) 1A 15 Nō hea au? 1A16 (What is my name?) 2E 16 Ko wai tōku ingoa? 2E17 (You are from Nelson.) 1A 17 Nō Whakatū koe. 1A18 (Who am I?) 1E 18 Ko wai au? 1E

Akoranga Toru – Lesson 3 - MihiNgā hua o te akoranga nei

The fruits of this lesson (Lesson outcomes)Whāinga Kāinga

Home pursuits- Learn how to prepare a mihi

- Explore Ko sentences in more depth- Research, write and practise your mihi

Whakataukī o te wiki: E kore e heke he kākano rangatira. Our ancestors will never die for they live on in each of us.Kīwaha o te wiki: Aua – I don’t know

What is a mihi?Mihi (greeting) is an extremely important part of Māori culture. Before speaking in a formal setting (such as a marae), it is expected that you announce who you are and where you come from with a mihi. Through a mihi, others make connections to your pepeha (iwi affiliations to particular natural landmarks) and your whakapapa/genealogy. Much respect and mana is given to those who know their whakapapa extensively. Fitting whakataukī (proverbs) are often used in mihi; in traditional times it was considered bad practice to use a whakataukī that had already been used by a previous speaker, so orators were required to have an extensive knowledge of many whakataukī. A mihi has a strong spiritual significance as you are embodying your tūpuna (ancestors), who join and tautoko (support) your kōrero in spirit.

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Mihi StructureGreeting Tēnā koutou/Ahiahi mārie/etc That is you / Afternoon peacefulPepeha (use non-māori pepeha here if needed)

(Ko ____________________ te maunga)(Ko _______________________ te awa)(Ko _______________________ te waka)Ko ________________________te iwi

_______________________is the mountain (I affiliate to)_______________________ is the river (I affiliate to)_____is the vessel (that brought my ancestors to Aotearoa)_______________________ are the people (I affiliate to)

Whakapapa I te taha o tōku matuaKo ______________________ tōku koroKo ______________________tōku kuia

On the side of my father_____ is my grandfather (use first and last names if you can)____ is my grandmother (use either maiden/married name)

I te taha o tōku whaeaKo ______________________ tōku koroKo ______________________ tōku kuia

On the side of my mother_____________________ is my grandfather_____________________ is my grandmother

Ko ____________________ tōku matuaNō __________________________ iaKo ____________________ tōku whaeaNō __________________________ia

__________________________ is my fatherHe is from ___________________________________________ is my motherShe is from ________________

(Ko ______________tōku hoa rangatira)(Ko __________________tāku tamaiti)(Ko ________________ tāku mokopuna)

__________________________ is my spouse __________________________ is my child__________________________ is my grandchild

Ko _____________________ tōku ingoaNō _________________________au(Kei __________________ tōku ngākau)(He kaiako au ki ________)

__________________________is my nameI am from _________ (The place you were born/grew up in)My heart is in ____________ (The place you now call home)I am a (teacher) at ____________

(Whakataukī) (Whakataukī) Insert māori proverb here (optional)Final greetings

Nō reira,Tēnā koutou,Tēnā koutou,Tēnā koutou katoa.

Therefore,Greetings to the living,Greetings to the deceased,Greetings to all.

One thing to note with your pepeha is that if you start with a line like “Ko Aoraki te maunga”, by naming a Māori mountain/river/waka etc, some people will assume that you are Māori. It is up to you to decide what pepeha structure you use; below is an alternative pepeha structure for non-Māori given by a member of Ngāi Tahu that acknowledges ancestral landmarks without any potential confusion: Put these lines into your pepeha sections if you wish (instead of Ko ___te maunga/awa)

Kei te mihi au ki a Aoraki I greet Aoraki (Mount Cook) Substitute Aoraki/Waimakariri/Ngāti Pākehā for another mountain/river/people if you wish

Kei te mihi au ki a Waimakariri I greet the Waimakariri river Ko Ngāti Pākehā te iwior alternatively:Ko Aotearoa/Ingarangi te iwi

Ngāti Pākehā are the people

NZers/English are the peopleAccording to the kaiako (teacher) of a friend, if you have a connection to this land, to the people of Aotearoa and our shared history, then you can proudly claim to be Ngāti Pākehā.

Mahi Tuhituhi Toru – Writing Exercise 3 – Write your own mihi here:

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3-0 Wetereo Mihi – Mihi GrammarA: Pūmau + Tūāhua – Definite Articles + AdjectivesIn Māori, in almost every case the tūingoa/noun (e.g. whare - house) stays the same regardless of whether you are talking about one house (kotahi/singular) or many houses (tini/plural). Whilst in English we will add an S to create a plural, in Māori we instead change the article that comes before the noun. The article “te” translates to “the (singular)”, whilst the article “ngā” translates to “the (plural)”. “te” and “ngā” are considered to be definite articles because they are specific about the noun; it is a lot more specific to say “the house” or “the houses” than “a house” or “some houses”.

te whare - the house te rākau - the treengā whare - the houses ngā rākau - the trees

In Māori, the tūāhua/adjective (describing word) comes after the tūingoa/noun (naming word):

te waka roa - the canoe long (the long canoe)ngā manu tere - the birds fast (the fast birds)

E: Ko sentences using teThe sentence starter “Ko” is used extensively within a mihi. “Ko” has no direct translation but instead emphasises the word that comes after it. Because of this, the sentence can be read from left to right in a similar way to a regular English sentence. The information that is most important goes straight after the first “ko”, but can be switched to change emphasis. An example of this is the Whanganui saying “Ko au te awa; ko te awa ko au” (I am the river; the river is me.) See below for other examples.

Ko Hikurangi te maunga. - Hikurangi the mountain (Hikurangi is the mountain.)Ko te maunga ko Hikurangi. - The mountain Hikurangi (The mountain is Hikurangi.)Ko Te Heuheu te rangatira. – Te Heuheu the leader (Te Heuheu is the leader.)Ko te rangatira ko Te Heuheu. - The canoe Takitimu (The leader is Te Heuheu.)

I: Ko sentences using ngāThe structure is slightly different if you have more than one item per line (for example, if you want to mihi two waka or two iwi):

Ko Mataatua me Te Arawa ngā waka - Mataatua and Arawa the canoes (Mataatua and Te Arawa are the canoes)Ko Ngāi Tahu ko Ngāti Mamoe me Waitaha ngā iwi (Ngāi Tahu, Ngāti Mamoe and Waitaha are the tribes)

O: Ko sentences using tōku When reciting your whakapapa, you list family members and therefore use the article “my” rather than “the”:

Ko Jane Till tōku whaea - Jane Till my mother (Jane Till is my mother)Ko Weeti Tepa tōku koro - Weeti Tepa my grandfather (Weeti Tepa is my grandfather)

U: Ko sentences using ōku When talking about more than one person, all of the possessive articles drop their first letter (for example, tōku becomes ōku). The pronouns rāua (for two people) and rātou (for three or more people) also come in:

Ko Andrew tōku tuakana - Andrew my older same sex sibling (Andrew is my older brother)Ko Andrew rāua ko Tom ōku tuākana - (Andrew and Tom are my older brothers) Ko Andrew rātou ko Tom ko Bill ōku tuākana (Andrew, Tom and Bill are my older brothers)

HA: Saying where people are fromOften you may want to say where people in your whānau are from. Use “ia” as a pronoun for this:

Ko Herena Omana tōku whaea. (Herena Omana is my mother). Nō Whakatāne ia. (She is from Whakatāne)

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HE: A and O categoriesRespect and mana is built into te reo Māori. When referring to people in your own generation or above, use the ‘o’ category (tōku) to show that these people have responsibility over you; when referring to people in the generations below you (such as children or grandchildren), use the ‘a’ category (tāku) to show that you have responisbility over them. Here is part of a mihi that demonstrates this:

Ko Andrea Wolf tōku hoa rangatira (Andrea Wolf is my spouse) Ko Paul Wright tōku ingoa. (Paul Wright is my name.)Ko Tira Wheno rāua ko Mere Tipana ōku matua. (Tira Wheno and Mere Tipana are my parents.)Ko Meta Miere tōku teina. (Meta Miere is my younger same sex sibling.)Ko Tim rāua ko Aroha āku tamariki. (Tim and Aroha are my children)

Mahi Tuhituhi Whā – Writing Exercise 4 - Whakamāoritia/whakaingarihitia ēnei rerenga:Ko Waikato te awa.

Waimihia is the waka.Ko te maunga ko Aoraki.

Aoraki is the mountain.

Mahi Tuhituhi Rima – Writing Exercise 5 – Read the mihi below and then answer the questions to the right:Kia ora koutou.Ko Mauao te maunga,Ko Waitao te awa,Ko Mataatua te waka,Ko Ngāi Te Rangi te iwi.

I te taha o tōku matua,Ko Iramotu tōku koro,Nō Waikato ia.Ko Ari Te Tono tōku kuia,Nō Tauranga ia.I te taha o tōku whaea,Ko Remihana tōku koro,Nō Tauranga ia.Ko Emma Barns tōku kuiaNō Ingarangi ia.

Ko Rangi Te Tohu tōku matua,Nō Papamoa ia.Ko Teira Te Tohu tōku whaea,Nō Maungatapu ia.

Ko Rewi tōku hoa rangatira,Ko Ari tāku tamaiti.

Ko Tani Te Tohu tōku ingoa,Nō Timaru au.

He waka eke noa.

Nō reira,Tēnā koutou,Tēnā koutou,Tēnā koutou katoa.

1. Translate the pepeha (maunga/awa/waka/iwi) into English below: A) _____________________________________________________E) _____________________________________________________I) ______________________________________________________O) _____________________________________________________

2. Ko wai tōna kuia? Who is her grandmother? ___________________

3. Nō hea tōna koro? Where is her grandfather from? ________________

4. Ko tēhea te taha o tōna whānau? Which side of her family is this? ________

5. Ko wai tōna koro? Who is her grandfather? ____________________

6. Nō hea tōna kuia? Where is her grandmother from? _______________

7. He aha te kupu ingarihi mō Ingarangi? What is the English word for Ingarangi? _______________

8. Ko wai tōna whaea? _______________

9. Nō hea tōna matua? _____________

10. Ko wai tōna ingoa? _______________

11. Nō hea ia? _______________

12. He aha te tikanga o te whakataukī nei? What is the meaning of this proverb? _____________________________________________________

13. Ko wai tāna tamaiti? ________________________________

14. He aha te tikanga o te kupu “katoa”? ________________

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Ngā Pae mō te Akoranga Toru – Revision for Lesson 3

PAE TAHI / akoranga toru PAE TAHI / akoranga toru1 the tree A 1 te rākau A2 the trees A 2 ngā rākau A3 Waimakariri the river. (Waimakariri is

the river.)E 3 Ko Waimakariri te awa. E

4 Roriata my grandfather. (Roriata is my grandfather.)

O 4 Ko Roriata tōku koro. O

5 Taranaki the mountain.(Taranaki is the mountain.)

E 5 Ko Taranaki te maunga. E

6 Ngā Marama the people.(Ngā Mārama are the people.)

E 6 Ko Ngā Marama te iwi. E

PAE RUA / akoranga toru PAE RUA / akoranga toru1 Tainui and Mataatua the canoes.

(Tainui and Mataatua are the canoes.)

I 1 Ko Tainui me Mataatua ngā waka.

I

2 The people Waitaha. (The people are Waitaha.)

E 2 Ko te iwi ko Waitaha. E

3 Audrey they Sam my sisters [of a male].

(Audrey and Sam are my sisters.)

U 3 Ko Audrey rāua ko Sam ōku tuāhine.

U

4 Āwhina my daughter. (Āwhina is my daughter.)

HE 4 Ko Āwhina tāku kōtiro /tamāhine.

HE

5 Alex they Jeremy Duncan my brothers [of a female]. (Alex, Jeremy and

Duncan are my brothers.)

U 5 Ko Alex rātou ko Jeremy ko Duncan ōku tungāne.

U

6 Mauri my younger [same sex] sibling. (Mauri is my younger same sex

sibling.)

HE 6 Ko Mauri tōku teina. HE

PAE TORU / akoranga toru PAE TORU / akoranga toru1 Iriata her/his grandmother.

(Iriata is her/his grandmother.)2-2A 1 Ko Iriata tōna koro. 2-2A

2 The river me.(The river is me.)

E 2 Ko te awa ko au. E

3 Kiriata they Tom my parents. (Kiriata and Tom are my parents.)

U 3 Ko Kiriata rāua ko Tom ōku pakeke.

U

4 The birds my friends. (The birds are my friends.)

E 4 Ko ngā manu ōku hoa. E

5 Alexis your mother armpit. (Alexis is your aunt.)

2-2A 5 Ko Alexis tōu whaea kēkē. 2-2A

6 Kim they Tim her/his lovers. (Kim and Tim are her/his lovers.)

U 6 Ko Kim rāua ko Tim ōna whaiāipo.

U

Akoranga Whā – Lesson 4 - WhakahouNgā hua o te akoranga nei

The fruits of this lesson (Lesson outcomes)Whāinga Kāinga

Home pursuits- Recite your mihi in a small group

- Revise the previous three akoranga- Practise your mihi until you know it off by heart

Whakataukī o te wiki: Mauri tū, mauri ora; mauri noho, mauri mate. To stand is to live; to sit is to die.Kīwaha o te wiki: Tau kē! – Awesome!

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Whakaari Tahi – Play 1 – Read once in a pair whilst hiding the translations, then again with translations.

Kaikōrero Kōrero Direct + Contextual TranslationMaka Kia ora! Be well!

Hello!Ngāhuia Ahiahi mārie! Kei te pēhea koe? Afternoon peaceful! At the how you?

Good afternoon! How are you?Maka Kei te ora au! Me koe? At the wellness I! And you?

I am well! You?Ngāhuia Kei te pai. Ko wai tōu ingoa? At the goodness. [Ko] who your name?

Good. What is your name?Maka Ko Maka tōku ingoa. Ko wai tōu

ingoa?[Ko] Maka my name. [Ko] who your name?Maka is my name. What is your name?

Ngāhuia Ko Ngāhuia au. Nō hea koe? [Ko] Ngāhuia I. From where you?I am Ngāhuia. Where are you from?

Maka Nō Ōtepoti au. Nō hea? From Dunedin I. From where?I am from Dunedin. You?

Ngāhuia Nō Taupo au, engari kei te noho au ki Ōtautahi.

From Taupo I, but at the living I in Christchurch.I am from Taupo, but I am living in Christchurch.

Maka Tau kē! Ko wai tōu ingoa whānau? Awesome! [Ko] who your name family?Awesome! What is your last name?

Ngāhuia Ko Roberts tōku ingoa whānau. [Ko] Roberts my name family.Roberts is my last name.

Maka E kī, e kī! Kei te mōhio pea au ki tōu whaea. Ko wai te ingoa o tōu whaea?

You don’t say! At the knowing perhaps I your mother. [Ko] who the name of your mother?You don’t say! I might know your mother. What is your mother’s name?

Ngāhuia Ko Nicola Roberts tōku whaea. [Ko] Nicola Roberts my mother.Nicola Roberts is my mother.

Maka Āna! I mahi au ki a ia. Agreed! [Past tense] worked I with her.Oh yes! I worked with her.

Ngāhuia Tautoko! He iti te ao. Ko wai tōu matua?

Support! A small the world. [Ko] who your father?Support! The world is small. Who is your father?

Maka Ko Leonard Ingles tōku matua. [Ko] Leonard Ingles my father.Leonard Ingles is my father.

Ngāhuia Kei te mōhio au ki a ia! He kaiako ia? At the knowing I him! A teacher he?I know him! Is he a teacher?

Maka Āe, he kaiako ia ki Ōtepoti. Yes, a teacher he in Dunedin.Yes, he is a teacher in Dunedin.

Ngāhuia He tino iti te ao. A very small the world.The world is very small.

Maka Āna. Me haere au ki tōku kāinga. Agreed. Should go I to my home.Agreed. I should go home.

Ngāhuia Tāua, tāua! Ka haere au ki tōku kāinga.

Us, us! Will go I to my home.You and me both! I will go to my home as well.

Kīwaha Contextual Meaning Kīwaha Contextual MeaningTau kē!

E kī, e kī!

Tautoko!

Awesome!

You don’t say! Often used sarcastically.

Support!

Āna

Tāua, tāua

Agreement with speaker

We are the same/you and me both. Tāua is the tūiwi meaning “we/us - you and I”. It is equivalent to au + koe.

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Mahi Tuhituhi Ono – Writing Exercise 6 - Whakamāoritia/whakaingarihitia ēnei kupu:Tūāhua – Shaping Words (Adjectives)

pai nui terewell/healthy/fit/healed cautious/careful slow

Tūingoa – Naming Words (Nouns)ata ahiahi pō

school name day/suntupuna/tipuna (singular), tūpuna/tīpuna (plural)

grandmother/great aunt/elderly lady female family member two generations abovekoro/koroua

mother/aunt/female teacher/lady female family member one generation above matua/pāpā

man/husband woman/wifehoa kare

child children

Tūmahi – Working Words (Verbs)pātai whakarong

otitiro

see stand sit/stay

Tūpou – Pillar Words (Pronouns)I/me (the speaker) you (the listener) she/he, her/him (the others)

kōrua rāuakoutou rātou

Pūtohu – Sign Words (Articles)the (singular, describing one item) the (plural, describing two or more items)

my (possessed by speaker) your (possessed by listener) her/his (possessed by other)

Mahi Tuhituhi Whitu – Writing Exercise 7 - Whakamāoritia/whakaingarihitia ēnei rerenga:1 Kōrero mai2 Go away from me3 Tēnā koe4 Greetings to three or more people5 Pō mārie6 Be strong7 Ka kite anō8 See you over there9 E noho rā

10 I am from Christchurch.11 Nō hea ia?12 What is your name?13 Ko Ripeka tōku ingoa.14 the house15 ngā maunga16 Mataatua is the canoe.17 Ko Miriana tōku whaea.18 Mita is my grandchild.19 Ko Hohua rāua ko Tihore ōku tuākana.

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20 Hirini, Maika, and Whera are my children.

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Papa Tuhituhi - Notes

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Papa Tuhituhi – Notes

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Papa Tuhituhi - Notes

Kete Kupu: Rerenga Kōrero

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Māori Tikanga ā-kupu Tikanga ā-wairua

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He Kete AnōMāori Ingarihi Momo kupu Māori Ingarihi Momo kupu

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Kete KupuKīanga – Phrases Kīanga Whakaako – For

teachingKupu Hāpai – Support words

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Hey/Thanks Yes [emphasis]

See you No very

Hello there Dunno Be…

Morning Again that (by you)

Good morning Good/Well done towards speaker

Good afternoon Very good away from speaker

Good night Excellent address/command

Leave well The best! for

Stay well Any questions? the (singular)

Sorry (my bad) Give (to me) the (plural)

Sorry (forgive me) Give (away) From

Sorry to hear Here you go where?

Maybe as an example who?

Yeah (agreed) Like this tōku/taku/tāku my

Support Close tōu/tō/tāu your (1)

I’m fine/You OK? Up to you tōna/tana/tāna her/his/their

Good on you/nice try keep going a/some

Enough/Stop (the..) Go for it a

Don’t (verb) Got it? some

That’s sufficient Understood?

Want a drink? Completed?

I’ll do it Return this way

Oh no/oh dear Be settled

Be silent

Keep searching

Nice persistence

Good idea

Quite right

Kete Kupu – Kupu Matua (Content Words)Tūmahi – Working (Verbs) Tūingoa – Naming (Nouns) Tūāhua – Shaping (Adjectives)

to greet (greeting) word good

to farewell phrase healthy

to stand sentence peaceful

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to sit/live meaning/custom careful

to chant (chant) thing fast

to sing (song) student/example slow

to ask (question) day/sun large

to go night small

to return week

to listen morning

to speak (story) afternoon

to say time Tūkapi – Occupying (Pronouns)

to look tree/stick I, me (1)

to see mountain you (1)

to work (job) river she, he, they (1)

to love (love) vehicle you (2)

to eat (food) people you (3+)

to learn/teach kinship group

to drink (drink) family

to help person

Tūmoko – Identity (Names) child

land children

sky mother/aunt

forest father/uncle Tūwāhi – Places (Locatives)

sea grandmother Christchurch

wind grandfather Auckland

people leader Dunedin

cultivated food spirit Wellington

earthquakes respect/power Hamilton

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Karakia (Chants)Karakia Tīmatanga - To open a huiTukua te wairua kia rere ki ngā taumataHei ārahi i ā tātou mahiMe tā tātou whai i ngā tikanga a rātou māKia mau kia itaKia kore ai e ngaroKia pupuri, kia whakamauaKia tina! TINA! Haumi ē, hui ē! TĀIKI Ē!

Allow one’s spirit to exercise its potentialTo guide us in our work as well as in our pursuit of our ancestral traditionsTake hold and preserve itEnsure it is never lostHold fast. Secure it.Be firm! Join together! Gather together! Bind as one!

Karakia mō te kai - To welcome kaiE Rongo, e Rongo,Homai ngā tipuHei whakakī te tīnanaHei orangaAu eke, au eke, hui ē, TĀIKI Ē!

Rongo, Rongo,Present the plantsFor filling the bodyFor wellbeingAffirm, affirm, gather together, bind as one!

Karakia Whakamutunga - To close a huiKia tau ngā manaakitanga a te mea ngaro, Ki runga ki tēnā, ki tēnā o mātou. Kia mahea te hua mākihikihi. Kia toi te kupu, toi te mana, toi te reo Māori. Ka tūturu, ka whakamaua Kia tina! TINA! Haumi ē, hui ē, TĀIKI Ē!

Settle upon us the care of that which is missing from all of usClear the results of past murmurs.Retain the word, retain the mana, retain the language.Hold fast to your authenticity!Be firm! Join together! Gather together! Bind as one!

Waiata (Song)Purea Nei by Henare Mahanga Ngāti Hine

Purea nei e te hau (Horoia) Horoia e te ua(Whitiwhitia) Whitiwhitia (e te rā)e te rāMahea ake ngā (pōraruraru)pōraruraruMakere ana ngā here.

E rere wairua, e rere(ki ngā ao) ki ngā ao o te rangi (Whitiwhitia)Whitiwhitia (e te rā)e te rā Mahea ake ngā(pōraruraru) pōraruraru Makere ana ngā here,Makere ana ngā here.

Scattered by the wind

washed by the rain

and transformed

by the sun, all doubts are swept away

and all restrains are cast down.

Fly spirit, fly

to the clouds of the sky,

transformed

by the sun, with all doubts swept away

and all restrains cast down.Yes, all restrains are cast down.