To whom it may concern

1. Decentralization

2. Rural Development

3. Agriculture & Food

4. Municipal Administration

5. Social Sector : Health,

6. Social Sector: Education

7. Water Management

-------------------------

Rural Development

Rural poverty alleviation architecture:

- Poverty is multi-dimensional. Such as: poor housing, lack of healthcare, assetlessness, poor livelihood options, social & gender inequality.

- Even the determinants of poverty (what causes it) are varied.

1. Regional characteristics such as lack of resource base, failure of governance to provide public goods, lack of Social capital etc.

2. Household characteristics: such as size of household, income structure and dependents, health of family members etc.

Since poverty is multi-dimensional, the poverty alleviation programme also has to be from many ministries.

The programmes can be mainly grouped into 1) Wage employment programmes, 2) Self-employment programmes, 3) Food security programmes, 4) Social security programmes and 5) Urban poverty alleviation programmes. (Urban programmes not dealt here)

1. Ministry of Rural Development runs:

- MGNREGA: 100 days work guarentee programme. 150 days in drought hit areas.

- NSAP : National Social Asistance Programme

social pensions for

a. elderly,b. widowsc. persons with disabilityd. National Family Benefit Scheme- a lumpsum Rs 20,000 on death of the bread-winner of

familye. Annapurna Scheme - food security 10 kg of free rice every month to elderly (only for

those not receiving pensions)

•PMGSY

to provide good all-weather road connectivity to unconnected villages. having population > 500 in general, and > 250 in hilly areas.

•IAY

now restructured as Pradhan Mantri Gram Awaas Yojana (PM-GAY)

- financial assistance to weakest sections

- for construct and UPGRADE house

- for personal livings

- plan is to replace all kuchha houses

•Aajeevika RL (NRLM)

- world bank supported programme

- organize people in SHGs

=> Now Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana

•DDU-GKY (NRLM)

Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana

- for enhancing the employability of rural youth

•PMRDF

Prime Minister Rural Development Fellowship:

- launched in 2011

- 3 stage exam for selecting

- catalytic support by fellows targeted on poverty reduction

•BRLF

Bharat Rural Livelihoods Foundation

- an autonomous organization

- aim: to foster civil society action in partnership with government

- transforming the livelihood

- focused in Central India Adivasi belt

•IWMP

Integrated Watershed Management Programme

- to counter the regional determinants of poverty

- desert development programme, drought prone area programme, integrated wasteland development programme

Similarly, Ministry of Women and Child Development has:

- ICDS

- IG Matritva Yojana

- RG- Scheme of Empowerment of Adolescent Girls. Now called SABLA

Swadhar (A Scheme for Women in Difficult Circumstances)

–Working Women Hostel

–Support to Training and Employment Programme for Women (STEP)

–UJJAWALA: Prevention of trafficking and Rescue, Rehabilitation and Re-integration of Victims of Trafficking and Commercial Sex

–Short Stay Home For Women and Girls (SSH)

–The Integrated Child Protection Scheme (ICPS)

Ministry of Drinking Water & Sanitation runs:

- National rural DRINKING WATER programme

- Swachh Bharat Abhiyan

Ministry of Food Processing Industries –Modernization of Abattoirs •Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution –PDS •Ministry of Health –NHM •Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilisers –Jan Aushadhi

Ministry of HRD –Mid Day Meal –SSA

Ministry of Communication and IT –Bharat Broadband Network Limited

–Post Office Core Banking

–Common Service Centers (over 1 lakh)

-----------------

PM Gram Sadak Yojana

Existing road network in India

- total length of road: 33 Lakh kilometer

- of this:

2% National highway

18% State highway and major district roads

80% RURAL ROADS

to provide good all-weather road connectivity to unconnected villages. having population > 500 in general, and > 250 in special category states (i.e. 8 north eastern states, 3 Himalayan states, 88 LWE districts)

launched first in 2000

- also includes UPGRADATION of existing routes

-funding 60:40 and 90:10 in the above two categories

This comes from Cess on diesel, GoI budget, international borrowings etc.

- a separate agency within MoRD i.e. National Rural Road Development Agency does technical and operational management of PMGSY

- PMGSY roads include 5 years defect liability and maintenance in their tender contracts.

- 2017-18 budget: 19,000 crore for PMGSY. (A separate 65,000 crore for highways). This is about 25% jump from last year.

- How quality is assured: NRRDA has 1. Principal Technical Agency 2. Project Technical Agency (both for project appraisal) and 3. NQM independent National Quality Monitor group.

Thus, three tier quality management

1. At PIU level. (Project Implementation Unit). Since they are in charge of implementation, they ensure lab testing of materials etc

2. State Quality Monitor- an organization necessary to release fund from central government

3. National Monitoring Group. This is independent, and SQMs do not report to it. As an independent organization, NQM does random inspections.

OMMAS

PM GSY is monitored through internet for transparency and quick decision making. "Online Management Monitoring & Accounting System".

Other ICT aids:

-Meri Sadak mobile app: citizens can send feedback and suggestion on road to MoRD. Click the pic of pits or incomplete road and send.

- use of satellite imagery to varify road length and habitation connectivity

- using GIS mapping for District Rural Road Plans.

What can you do as SDM?

Ensure that transect walk is done to fix road alignment. Issues relating to private land / forest land. Issues relating to contractors. Giving security to contractors, storage of material etc in LWE areas. General supervision / oversight.

Note: Unlike MGNREGS, PMGSY fixes State-wise allocations based on pre-determined gaps in infrastructure and funds are released accordingly, thus, benefitting States with poorer infrastructure, more.

Rural ElectrificationGrameen Vidhyutikaran (It is from this hindi name that the App name Garv is derived)

- aim 100% household electrification. (About 25% of population is till without electricity)

- expected to bring electricity to all villages by 2019 end

(Household electrification is less than 50% in Jharkhand).

- This year's target: electrification of 8,000 villages

(we have around 18,500 un-electrified villages).

GARV mobile app: village wise/ habitation wise line data on electrification. Daily update.

Government launched GARV2 app a few days back. This has a citizen engagement window, allowing them to provide feedbacks and suggestions. (called SAMVAD)

- Deen Dayal Gram Jyoti Yojana.

In 2017-18 budget, around Rs 5000 crore has been alotted to DD GJY. 25% jump from last year.

MGNREGA: grassroot issuesAnnual Master Circular: implementation of Nrega was bogged down by over 1000 advisories and circulars. MoRD recently came with about 50 page Annual Master Circular to supersede all these circulars and notifications.

- Over 12.5 job cards have been issued under Nrega. Of these around 7 crore are active.

Total persondays generated in 2017: over 2200 crore

10 entitlements under Nrega:

1.Right to a Jobcard

2.Right to demand and receive work within 15 days

3.Right to Unemployment Allowances

4.Right to plan and prepare a Shelf of Projects

5.Right to obtain work within the radius of 5 Km

6.Right to worksite facilities

7.Right to notified wage rate

8.Right to receive wages within 15 days

9.Compensation for delay in payment of wages

10.Right to time bound redress of grievances and conduct of Social Audit of all MGNREGA works

Note:- In Nrega, worker may apply either individually or in group through different mode like oral/ written/ telephonic/ online etc. The agencies must ensure that when demanded, work is provided within 15 days.

Administrative structure for Nrega:

Central Employment Guarentee Council --> State Emplyment Guarentee Council --> District Programme Coordinator --> Block Officer and his technical assistants --> Gram Panchayat, supported by Gram Rozgar Sahayak, etc

e-FMS

- Electronic Fund Management System for Nrega implementation.

- about 90% of wage, material, admin expenditure has already shifted to e-FMS

- Now fund is released daily based on expenditure.

- wages notionally pass through State Guarantee Employment Fund. But go directly to the wage earners accounts.

Social Audit

- The community scrutinizes the authenticity of al records of works and expenditures

- Social Audit at least once every six months

- guided by Audit of Scheme Rules, 2011 and CAG recommendations.

- All states must frame grievance redressal rules.

- There is a total of 153 types of work permitted under Nrega. Of these 100 are on Natural resources. 70 on water resource alone.

There are four categories (in this 153 work permitted)

Category A: Natural Resource Management

Category B: creating individual assets for vulnerable sections.) for example in aawas yojana

Category C: Common infrastructure for SHGs (Self Help Groups)

Category D: creating rural infrastructure

Presently, following are the THRUST AREAS in Nrega:

1. GeoMgnrega: geo tagging of all completed assets. And putting them online for public scrutiny.

2. Direct benefit transfer. eFMS 100% target

3. Water conservation. Construction of farm pond.etc

4. construction of vermi compost pit

5. verification of job cards to eliminate ghost beneficiary.

6. training of barefoot technicians (at panchayat level)

7. completion of incomplete works/assets

A chart of Activity flow in Nrega.

FTO = Fund Transfer Order

National Rural Livelihood Mission- now known as Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana

- components of NRLM:

1. interest subvention (through SHGs)

2. Mahila Kisan Sasaktikaran Pariyojana

3. Rural Self-Employment Training Institute (RSETI)

4. Deen Dayan Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU GKY)

Experience from Karnataka: (Kudumbashree scheme onwards)

- Community Investment Fund under NRLM. Disbursing of these funds to SHGs.

CIF got a one-time grant from state government, and has now become self-sustainable.

Panchsutra for Self-help groups:

1. Regular meetings (helps in gerating social capital)

2. Regular saving

3. internal lending

4. Regular books of accounts writing

5. ensuring regular payment

designating Community Resource person (CRP)

- must be a woman

- a member of GPLF (Gram Panchayat Level Federation of SHGs)

- she has the responsibility of strengthening all SHGs in gram panchayat. Assistance role.

designating MASTER BOOK KEEPER:

- imparts training to SHGs on books of accounts

- also does audit of SHGs

designating Bank Mitra:

- credit counseling, financial literacy, managing credit linkages etc to SHGs

A new concept: designating Micro Enterprise Consultant (MEC)

- already undertaken in many states

- helps SHGs in opportunity identification, handholding in enterprise setup by the individuals etc.