COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CROSS BREED FROM PURE BREEDUSING PAINTED PONY AND STRING BEAN VARIETIES OF COMMON

BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS) AS GROWN IN BACKYARD GARDENING

DANILO V. ROGAYAN JR.

Presented to:

Dr. MA. ESTER DELA ROSA-MARIÑASCollege of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine

RAMON MAGSAYSAY TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITYSan Marcelino, Zambales

in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for

MAJOR 8 (Genetics)

JANUARY 2011

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INTRODUCTION

Common bean scientifically known as Phaseolus vulgaris, is an herbaceous

annual plant and now grown worldwide for its edible bean, popular both dry and as a

green bean. The leaf is occasionally used as a leaf vegetable, and the straw is used for

fodder. Botanically, the common bean is classified as a dicotyledon. Beans are a

legume and thus acquire their nitrogen through an association with rhizobia, a species

of nitrogen-fixing bacteria.

Common bean is a species widely cultivated due to its good nutritional

composition with high protein content in dry seed and a good source of fiber in snap

bean and its high market value. Consumers have progressively shown specific

preferences for various combinations of size and shape of bean seeds and pods, and

the market reflects this trend by giving preference to types of good quality rather than

high yield.

Plant cross-breeding uses deliberate interbreeding of closely or distantly related

individuals to produce new crop varieties or lines with desirable properties. Plants are

crossbred to introduce traits or genes from one variety or line into a new genetic

background. Progeny from the cross would then be crossed with the high-yielding

parent to ensure that the progeny were most like the high-yielding parent,

(backcrossing). Plants may also be crossed with themselves to produce inbred varieties

for breeding.

Plant cross-breeding relies largely on homologous recombination between

chromosomes to generate genetic diversity. Plant cross-breeding is being done to come

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up with varieties of plants that have: (a) increased quality and yield of the crop; (b)

increased tolerance of environmental pressures (salinity, extreme temperature,

drought); (c) resistance to viruses, fungi and bacteria; (d) increased tolerance to insect

pests; and (e) increased tolerance of herbicides.

The increasing concern on agricultural sustainability favors the maintenance of

plant cross-breeding systems which give efficient soil conservation due to the increased

ground cover that it provides, and a more stable agricultural production than sole crop,

for small farms, where capital is limited and labor is available.

This study seeks to distinguish the characteristics of the pure breed and cross

breed common bean using the varieties of beans – the string beans and painted pony

beans as grown in backyard gardening by the Bachelor of Secondary Education –

Biological Science major third year students of Ramon Magsaysay Technological

University – San Marcelino Campus.

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METHODOLGY

Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is an important legume grown worldwide for

its high nutritional and economic value. In some countries, it is the primary source of

protein in the human diet. In addition, bean consumption is increasing based on

perceived health benefits associated with certain vitamin and mineral contents.

Selection of Samples for the Cross-breeding. The experiment started with the

selection of bean varieties to be used as samples for the study and we came up using

the string bean and painted pony bean.

Painted pony bean is an heirloom that is a multi-purpose bean. It can be picked

in the early stages for a snap bean or left a few more weeks until mature and used for a

shell bean. It is a dual-purpose bean that produces delicious green beans and dried

beans, which have a beautiful white on brown coloration that is retained when cooked.

A rich and nutty flavor and perfect for any of your slow-cooked dishes.

Meanwhile, string bean is harvested as snap (bush) or green (pole or climbers)

beans. It is non-climbing plants while pole beans are staked, trained, and or with trellis.

Root rot organisms and bacterial diseases often build-up in soil when snap beans are

planted repeatedly in the same field. It has been bred especially for the fleshiness,

flavor, or sweetness of its pods.

Painted pony beans and string beans are chosen because they (a) easily grow;

(b) can live in any soil type; (c) can live in any climate; and (d) easily produce flowers

which are needed for the study.

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Preparation of Plots. After the selection of samples to be used in the study, the

group worked on the preparation of the plots for about two days which started

December 13, 2010.

Plots are prepared at the back area of the Agri-Vet Building. The preparation

involves weeding, cultivation of the soil, watering of the soil and fencing.

Planting the Seeds. After preparing the plots, planting of the seeds followed.

The varieties of the common beans used in the plots are the painted pony beans and

the string beans. The seeds were planted alternately with eight rows containing four

planting holes with a distance of 30 cm. Each of the hole had about 3-4 bean seeds.

Watering of the seeds after planting was also done.

Application of Vermicast. To ensure the fertility of the soil, vermicast extracted

from the previous vermiculture project of the group, was applied in the plots containing

the common bean seeds.

Watering and Cultivation of the Plots. As part of the monitoring activity, the

garden which contains the seeds was being watered regularly. In addition, cultivation of

the garden soil was also being done.

Weeding. After a week, the sprouts of the beans were noted. The seed samples

were germinated. Because of the sprouting, weeding around the plots were done to

prevent weeds from competing with the beans in absorbing nutrients from the soil.

Putting up of Trellis. After two weeks, the beans started to cling that’s why the

group prepared trellis for the growing vines.

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Insect Pests Elimination. As the beans continue to grow, insect pests also

continue to infect the beans. That’s why these pests which include black bean aphids

and black ants were being monitored and removed regularly through hand pick method.

Plant cross-breeding. After almost a month, flowers of the beans were

developed. These flowers were used in the cross-pollination or cross-breeding through

the use of hand pollination. The pollen grains of the painted pony bean were transferred

in the pollen grains of the string beans and vice versa.

As of this time, the results of the cross-breeding is still pending.

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DOCUMENTATION

Preparation of Plots. Plots are being prepared for the conduct of the study.

Planting the Seeds. Been seeds are being planted in the plots.

Application of Vermicast. Vermicast are being applied in each holes where bean seeds are planted.

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DOCUMENTATION

Cultivation of the Soil. Soil is being cultivated to ensure fertility.

Watering of the Plots. Regular watering is being done for fast growth of the seeds.

Weeding. Weeding is also done regularly to prevent weeds from competing nutrients from the plants.

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DOCUMENTATION

Putting up of Trellis. Trellis are being established to serve as support of the growing vines.

Bean aphids and black ants in the bean plants.

Insect Pests Elimination. Insect pests are being removed in the plants through hand pick method.

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DOCUMENTATION

The researchers with Dr. Ester Mariñas working in the garden.

The grown common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris).

The common bean is an important legume grown worldwide for its high nutritional and economic value.

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