Name: _______________________ Date: _____________________GREEK PEOPLE OF IMPORTANCE

ESSENTIAL QUESTION Why do people form governments?

"Our constitution is called a democracy because power is in the hands not of a minority but of the whole people. When it is a question of settling private disputes, everyone is equal before the law. . . ." —Pericles, Funeral Oration, quoted in History of the Peloponnesian War

How did Pericles feel about protecting democracy? ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Solon (594 B.C.,) pg188 Why did the common people of Athens like Solon?

How did Athenians feel about the changes Solon put in place?

Peisistratus (560 B.C.) PG189 Explain the reforms that Peisistratus made after he took over the rule of Athens.

Cleisthenes (525 - 524 B.C.) pg189 How did Cleisthenes's reforms help make the Athenian government more democratic?

Pericles (461 - 429 B.C) PG 198 After the Persian Wars, the most important general in Athenian government was Pericles. His wise rule guided the city-state for more than 30 years.

How did Pericles influence government and culture in Athens?

What was unique about the way Pericles appointed people to their positions?

ESSENTIAL QUESTION What makes a culture unique?

Guiding Question: Why were epics and fables important to the ancient Greeks? _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Homer pg214 Homer composed two epic poems The Odyssey and the Iliad during the 700s B.C.

Which epic included the story of the Trojan horse?

Which epic included the story of heroes returning to Greece after war?

Aesop pg216 What did Aesop hope to teach people through his fables?

Sophocles pg218 What did Sophocles hope to teach people through his dramas?

Aristophanes pg 218 Aristophanes was the most famous Greek writer. What type of issues did Aristophanes write about?

ESSENTIAL QUESTION How do new ideas change the way people live?

One type of thinker was involved in creating a new body of knowledge. These thinkers were known as philosophers. The body of knowledge they created is called philosophy (fih • LAH • suh • fee). Philosophy is a Greek word that means "love of wisdom." Through philosophy, Greek philosophers helped develop the study of many subjects, including history, political science, biology, and logic, or the study of reasoning.

What does the word philosophy mean? ___________________________

Socrates pg 221 Socrates believed in absolute truth and that all real knowledge was within each person. In his search for truth, he created a new way of questioning called the Socratic Method.

Why did the Greek government arrest him and then sentence him to death?

Plato pg222 Plato believed that an ideal society must have a just and reasonable government.

How did Plato view common people?

What did Plato believe about women?

Aristotle pg223 Aristotle wrote more than 200 works on topics such as government, astronomy, and political science. In 335 B.C., he started a school called the Lyceum.

How is the United States government influenced by the teachings of Aristotle?

Herodotus pg225 Explain why many European and American historians consider Herodotus "the father of history."

Thucydides pg 225 As a historian how was Thucydides different from Herodotus?

What methods did Thucydides use to research and record history?

Pythagoras pg226 Most people know his name because of the Pythagorean Theorem that is still used in geometry today.

What did Pythagoras teach his students?

What is the Pythagorean Theorem?

Hippocrates pg227 Hippocrates (hih • PAH • kruh • TEEZ) was a physician in ancient Greece who is regarded as the "father of medicine."

How was Hippocrates ideas about diseases different than most people of his time?

How do doctors of today continue to honor Hippocrates?

ESSENTIAL QUESTION If Greece lost power, how did their culture continue to thrive?

"Remember only that Philip is our enemy, that he has long been robbing and insulting us. . . You need not speculate [guess] about the future except to assure yourselves that it will be disastrous unless you face the facts and are willing to do your duty."—Demosthenes, "The First Philippic" in Orations of Demosthenes

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King Philip II pg230 Explain why King Philip II planned to unite the Greek city-states.

Alexander the Great pg 231

How was Alexander able to take over Macedonia so effectively at such a young age?

What was Alexander’s goal when he led about 40 ,000 Macedonian and Greek soldiers into Asia Minor. In the spring of 334 B.C.?

Campaigns of Alexander the Great

Hellenistic cities became centers of learning and culture. Philosophy and the arts flourished, and new discoveries that were made are still important to us today. Science also flourished during the Hellenistic Era. Even though Hellenistic scientists used simple instruments, they performed many experiments and developed new theories.

Aristarchus pg 239 What interesting theory about the Earth did Aristarchus teach?

Eratosthenes pg239 After study and research, Eratosthenes concluded that Earth was round.

How was Eratosthenes able to measure the distance around the Earth?

Euclid pg240 What is plane geometry?

What did Euclid tell Egypt's King Ptolemy I when he asked if there was a faster way to learn geometry?

Archimedes pg240 What is solid geometry?

Which of Archimedes many inventions helped defend Syracuse when the Romans attacked in 212 B.C.?

In the space below, choose ONE Greek person of importance to discuss below. Answer these two questions:1) How is this person’s influence (effect) on history still seen in our modern culture (today)?2) What do you think would be different about our world today had this person not lived?

Name of Individual I choose to discuss: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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