Particle Theory and Thermal Physics
1. Gas is contained in a cylinder and exerts a pressure on the cylinder.
The speed of the gas molecules is reduced.
Which row shows what happens to the temperature of the gas and to the pressure exerted by the gas on the cylinder?
temperature
pressure
A
decreases
decreases
B
decreases
increases
C
increases
decreases
D
increases
increases
0654/12/M/J/13Q31
2. A substance is a gas when its temperature is 65C.
How do the boiling point and the melting point of this substance compare with 65C?
boiling point
melting point
A
above 65C
above 65C
B
above 65C
below 65C
C
below 65C
above 65C
D
below 65C
below 65C
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3. A hot water tank is fitted with two identical heaters P and Q. Heater P is two thirds of the way up the tank and heater Q is at the very bottom. The tank is full of cold water.
When only heater Q is switched on, it takes a long time to heat the tank of water to the required temperature of 60C.
What happens to the tank of cold water if only heater P is switched on?
A All the water reaches 60C in less time than before.
B All the water reaches 60C in the same time as before.
C The bottom two thirds of the water reaches 60C in two thirds of the original time.
D The top one third of the water reaches 60C in one third of the original time.
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4. A beaker of cool liquid stands in a warm room. The temperature of the liquid is falling because molecules are escaping from the surface of the liquid.
Which row gives the name of this process, and also shows which molecules are escaping from the liquid?
name of process
molecules that are escaping
A
condensation
least energetic
B
condensation
most energetic
C
evaporation
least energetic
D
evaporation
most energetic
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5. Which row shows what happens to the temperature of a solid as it melts and what happens to the temperature of a liquid as it boils?
temperature when a solid melts
temperature when a liquid boils
A
increases
increases
B
increases
no change
C
no change
increases
D
no change
no change
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6. Liquid in a beaker evaporates quickly.
Which row shows what happens to the mass and to the temperature of the liquid in the beaker?
mass
temperature
A
decreases
decreases
B
decreases
increases
C
increases
decreases
D
increases
increases
0654/11/O/N/13 q31
7. A sample of liquid is allowed to cool for 20 minutes. Its temperature is recorded every two minutes.
The results are shown in the table.
How should the sample be described at the end of the 20 minutes?
A all liquid
B all solid
C in the process of boiling
D in the process of solidifying
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8. The diagrams show part of a water-heating system which is working by convection.
Which diagram shows the flow of water in the system?
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9. Two identical metal rods are 25cm long at room temperature (20C).
One rod is put into a freezer at a temperature of 18C. The other rod is put into an oven at a temperature of 200C. The rods are left for several hours.
Which row shows the new length of each rod?
length of rod at 18C
length of rod at 200C
A
25cm
25cm
B
25cm
more than 25cm
C
less than 25cm
25cm
D
less than 25cm
more than 25cm
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10. On a warm day, a driver checks the air pressure in a car tyre. Overnight the temperature drops and the air pressure in the tyre falls. There are no air leaks in the tyre.
Why does the pressure fall?
A The air molecules in the tyre move more slowly.
B The air molecules in the tyre stop moving.
C The volume of the air in the tyre decreases.
D The volume of the air in the tyre increases.
0654/11/M/J/12 Q31
11. How is heat transferred in a vacuum?
A by conduction and convection
B by convection and radiation
C by convection only
D by radiation only
0654/11/M/J/12 Q32
12. Which energy resource did not receive its energy from the Sun?
A geothermal
B hydroelectric
C oil
D waves
0654/12/M/J/12 Q30
13. A glass bottle containing air is sealed with a screw cap and then cooled in cold water.
The contraction of the glass bottle can be ignored.
What remains the same during the cooling?
A the air pressure inside the bottle
B the energy of the air molecules in the bottle
C the force on the cap made by the air molecules in the bottle
D the volume of air inside the bottle
0654/12/M/J/12 Q31
14. What happens to the temperature of a substance as it is melting and as it is boiling?
melting
boiling
A
decreases
increases
B
decreases
no change
C
increases
increases
D
no change
no change
0654/12/M/J/12 Q32
15. A hot metal ball is placed in a small hollow in a piece of wood. Two thermometers are placed equal distances from the ball, one at position P and one at position Q.
Which thermometer gives the highest reading and why?
highest reading
reason
A
thermometer at P
the air conducts heat sideways, not upwards
B
thermometer at P
the wood conducts the heat sideways, not upwards
C
thermometer at Q
convection carries the heat upwards, not sideways
D
thermometer at Q
infra-red rays carry the heat upwards more than sideways
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16. Which statement about a gas in a container of constant volume is correct?
A The less often the gas molecules collide with the container walls, the higher the pressure.
B The lower the temperature of a gas, the more often its molecules collide with the container walls.
C The pressure of a gas increases as its temperature decreases.
D The temperature of a gas increases as the speed of the gas molecules increases.
0654/11/O/N/12 Q31
17. Which statement about the transfer of thermal energy is correct?
A Heat transfer by radiation involves mainly ultraviolet radiation.
B Heat transfer by radiation requires a medium to travel through.
C The main method of heat transfer through gases is conduction.
D The main method of heat transfer through liquids is convection.
0654/11/O/N/12 Q32
18. A gas cylinder has a constant volume.
The gas molecules collide with the walls of the cylinder at a certain rate.
The gas is heated and its pressure increases.
What happens to the average speed of the gas molecules and to their rate of collision with the cylinder walls?
average speed of gas molecules
rate of collision
A
increases
increases
B
increases
stays the same
C
stays the same
increases
D
stays the same
stays the same
0654/13/O/N/12 Q31
19. Four students make statements about the change of state of solids, liquids and gases.
Which statement is correct?
A The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which it starts to evaporate.
B The temperature of a liquid does not change while it is boiling.
C The temperature of a liquid falls while it is solidifying.
D Heat energy must be put into a gas to make it condense.
0654/13/O/N/12 Q32
20. Fig. 2.2 shows an iceberg floating in the sea.
(i) Which material named on Fig. 2.2 best fits the statement below?
The particles are able to move, are randomly arranged and are closely packed.
_________ sea water ; ________________________________________
[1]
(ii) Name the process by which water molecules in the sea become water molecules in the air.
_______evaporation ; ______________________________________________________________
[1]
0654/31/M/J/13 Q2 part
21. This is a microwave oven. The energy of microwaves is used to cook food by heating up the water molecules in the food.
a) A student heated some water in a microwave oven for five minutes. The graph shows how the temperature of the water changed.
The temperature of the water stops increasing after two minutes.
Explain what happened to the water molecules during the five minutes.
energy is input throughout 5 minutes/at constant rate ;
up to 100C/for first 2 minutes increase in the kinetic energy of the particles (in liquid) ;
water boils at 100C/after 2 minutes ;
energy used to separate water molecules/break forces/bonds between molecules (not for more KE);
correct reference to Latent Heat ;
[3]
b) 0.5kg of water is heated in the microwave from 10C to 50C. The specific heati
