C Programming Notes
(C Programming Notes) (28) www.enosislearning.com
C ContentsIntroduction:9C Programming Data Types:9Structure of c
program:10C Programming Input Output (I/O):11Example 1: C
Output11Example 2: C Integer Output12Example 3: C Integer
Input/Output12Little bit on ASCII code:12Example 5: C ASCII
Code12Example 6: C ASCII Code13C Programming Operators:13Type of
Operator13Symbolic Representation13Arithmetic Operators13+, -, *,
/, %13Increment and decrement operators13++,--13Assignment
Operators13=13Relational Operators14==, > , =, , =, or
p#include stdio.h/ppint main()/pp{/pp int number1, number2;/pp
printf("Enter two integers: ");/pp scanf("%d %d", &number1,
&number2);/pp/p //checks if two integers are equal./pp
if(number1 == number2)/pp {/pp printf("Result: %d =
%d",number1,number2);/pp }/pp/p //checks if number1 is greater than
number2./pp else if (number1 > number2)
{
printf("Result: %d > %d", number1, number2);
}
// if both test expression is false
else
{
printf("Result: %d < %d",number1, number2);
}
return 0;
}
Output
Enter two integers: 12
23
Result: 12 < 23
C Programming for Loop
Loops are used in programming to repeat a specific block of
code.
Loops are used in programming to repeat a specific block until
some end condition is met. There are three loops in C
programming:
1. for loop
2. while loop
3. do...while loop
for Loop:
The syntax of a for loop is:
for (initializationStatement; testExpression;
updateStatement)
{
// codes
}
for loop Flowchart
Example: for loop
#include
int main ()
{
int a;
/* for loop execution */
for( a = 10; a < 20; a = a + 1 )
{
printf("value of a: %d\n", a);
}
return 0;
}
Output:-
value of a: 10value of a: 11value of a: 12value of a: 13value of
a: 14value of a: 15value of a: 16value of a: 17value of a: 18value
of a: 19
while loop: Syntax
while (testExpression)
{ //codes
}
Example 1: while loop
#include
int main () {
/* local variable definition */
int a = 10;
/* while loop execution */
while( a < 20 ) {
printf("value of a: %d\n", a);
a++;
}
return 0;
}
Output
value of a: 10value of a: 11value of a: 12value of a: 13value of
a: 14value of a: 15value of a: 16value of a: 17value of a: 18value
of a: 19
do...while loop:
Thedo..whileloop is similar to thewhileloop with one important
difference. The body of do...whileloop is executed once, before
checking the test expression. Hence, thedo...while loopis executed
at least once.
do...while loop Syntaxdo{ // codes}while (testExpression);
How do...while loop works?
The code block (loop body) inside the braces is executed
once.
Then, the test expression is evaluated. If the test expression
is true, the loop body is executed again. This process goes on
until the test expression is evaluated to 0 (false).
When the test expression is false (nonzero), thedo...whileloop
is terminated.
Example #2: do...while loop
#include
int main ()
{
/* local variable definition */
int a = 10;
/* do loop execution */
do {
printf("value of a: %d\n", a);
a = a + 1;
}while( a < 20 );
return 0;
}
Output: value of a: 10value of a: 11value of a: 12value of a:
13value of a: 14value of a: 15value of a: 16value of a: 17value of
a: 18value of a:19
C Programming break and continue Statement
It is sometimes desirable to skip some statements inside the
loop or terminate the loop immediately without checking the test
expression. In such cases,breakandcontinue statements are used.
break Statement
The break statement terminates the loop immediately when it is
encountered. The break statement is used with decision making
statement such asif...else.
Syntax of break statement
Break;
How break statement works?
Example : break statement
#include
int main()
{
int i;
for(i=0;i
