Conflict and Tension 1918-1939 key words

Peace making

Clemenceau

Prime Minister of France

President Wilson

President of America

Lloyd George

Prime Minster of Britain

Treaty of Versailles

Treaty signed with Germany at the end of WW1.

Reparations

Germany had to make amends for WW1 by paying money.

Armistice

Initial agreement to stop fighting during a war. Countries then work out a treaty of peace.

Allies

Are friends.

Saar

Important industrial part of Germany

Diktat

Forced to do something

Demilitarised Zone

Could not put any men or soldiers in an area.

Anschluss

Union between Germany and Austria

Abdicate

Renounce/give up a throne.

Colonies

Land that is taken over and controlled by another country.

Stab in the Back Theory

The myth that the German army was stabbed in the back by the German government that they could have carried on fighting, at the end of WW1.

‘The Big Three’

Representatives of the most powerful victorious countries who met at the Paris Pearce conference.

Clause

A term in a treaty or a legal agreement

The League of Nations and International Peace

Assembly

A group of powerful countries which ran the league of nations.

Collective security

Working together to keep the peace.

Council

Members of the league of nations who met once a year to discuss and vote.

Economic sanctions

Punishing a country by stopping trade with them.

Covenant

An agreement the covennt of the league of nations set up what the league was, and what members could expect to happen under it.

Foreign Minister

A politician responsible for a country’s relationship with other countries.

Fourteen Points

List of rules which aimed to create fairness and peace.

Halle Selassie

Title of the ruler of Ethiopia

International Labour Organisation (ILO)

Agency of the league of nations established to improve working conditions.

Isolationism

A policy in which a country does not want to get involved in foreign affairs.

League of Nations

Formed under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, a group of countries which worked together towards global peace and cooperation.

Locarno Treaty

An agreement signed in 1925, which allowed Germany to join the league of nations.

Disarmament

The reduction or limitation of weapons

Mandate

A former colony that was assigned to the league of nations to be governed, until it could look after itself.

Moral Condemnation

To tell someone that they are wrong.

Pact

An agreement

Permanent Court of International Justice

An international law court set up by the league of nations.

Plebiscite

When the people of the country, not just politicians vote on a matter.

Rearmament

To build up weapons and armed forces.

Self determination

The idea that countries should be able to govern themselves rather than being ion an empire.

Unanimous

When everyone agrees

Veto

The right to reject a proposal

Slavery

When a person is owned by another and forced to work without pay. The league succeeded in banning slavery in Sierra Leone.

Refugee

Someone who flees from their homeland because it is not safe to live there anymore.

Secretariat

The league of nations bureaucrats, people who implemented the decisions that the Assembly and Council made.

Humanitarian

Helping People

Upper Silesia

Border between Germany and Poland in 1921, there was a plebiscite who would own Upper Silesia. Area split according to how the people had voted.

Vilna

Dispute between Poland and Lithuania in 1920, about who was going to own Vilna the capital of Lithuania. A Polish army took control of the city and refused to follow the leagues instruction to leave.

Corfu Incident

An Italian general Tellini was murdered on the border of Greece and Albania, Mussolini blamed Greece. He invaded Greece, Greece appealed to the league who said Greece should pay Mussolini compensation.

Abyssinian Crisis

In 1935 Mussolini invaded Abyssinia

Manchurian Crisis

In 1931 in the ‘Murkden incident’ Japan blamed China for a bomb on a railway they owned in Manchuria, it led to Japan invading.

Kellogg-Briand Pact

In 1928 a pact between 62 countries agreeing not to use war to solve disputes.

Origins and the outbreak of the Second World War

Hitler

Leader of Germany in 1933

Mussolini

Leader of Italy

Stalin

Leader of USSR

Rhineland

Area between France and Germany that Hitler reoccupied in 1936.

Anschluss

Joining of Austria and Germany in 1938.

Schuschnigg

Leader of Austria in 1934

Seyss-Inquary

Nazi in Austria who became leader in 1938, just before the Anschluss.

Sudetenland

Land in Czechoslovakia

Appeasement

Policy of giving someone what they want in the hope it will avoid war.

Chamberlain

Prime Minster of Britain 1937-1940

Edouard Daladier

President of France in the 1930’s.

Stresa Front

An agreement between Britain, France and Italy in 1935 to unite against Hitler.

Depression

An economic state, when a country has little nor no money.

Lebansraum

Living space in Eastern Europe.

Munich Agreement

September 1938 an agreement where the Sudetenland was given to Hitler.

Rome-Berlin Axis

An agreement between Italy and Germany in 1936 which linked the two countries.

Anti-Comintern Pact

A pact in 1936 between Germany and Japan against Communism

Rearming

Building up weapons

Nazi soviet Pact

Agreement between USSR and Germany in 1938 to divide Poland between themselves.