Advanced Placement European History SyllabusWando High School

Mr. Jared Tyler/Mr. Christopher Turpin2016-2017

The AP European History course focuses on developing students' understanding of European history from approximately 1450 to the present. The course has students investigate the content of European history for significant events, individuals, developments, and processes in four historical periods, and develop and use the same thinking skills and methods (analyzing primary and secondary sources, making historical comparisons, chronological reasoning, and argumentation) employed by historians when they study the past. The course also provides five themes (interaction of Europe and the world; poverty and prosperity; objective knowledge and subjective visions; states and other institutions of power; and individual and society) that students explore throughout the course in order to make connections among historical developments in different times and places. Emphasis is placed on analyzing historical data, synthesizing evidence and evaluating the ideas of others as students develop the ability to express themselves with clarity and precision when writing essays. AP students also learn to deal with strenuous traditional academic settings and ultimately achieve at levels they never imagined possible. These skills are transferable to all subject areas. Students who successfully complete the course stand a good chance of making a passing grade on the Advanced Placement European History Examination, which will be administered on May 12, 2017. All students enrolled in this course must take the Advanced Placement Exam. On successful completion of the exam students may be awarded college credit. The most critical keys to student success are consistency and commitment.

The EXAM

The AP European History examination is three hours and fifteen minutes long and includes both a 55 minute 55 multiple choice question section, a 50 minute 4 short-answer question section, and a 90 minute free response. Each section is divided into two parts, as shown in the table below. Student performance on these four parts will be compiled and weighted to determine an AP Exam score.

Grading Policy

The course differs from traditional honors level courses in the following ways:

1. Individual tests will cover a significantly greater body of information than students may be accustomed to covering.2. Homework consists primarily of reading assignments for which the student is responsible for mastery of the factual information.3. Grades are based solely on the quality of the end product.4. There are very few “simple” assignments where the student can improve his/her grade merely by completing the work.5. There are relatively few graded assignments each quarter, which increases the need for adequate preparation for each assignment.6. There is no extra credit work. 7. Late work will result in the deduction of 20 points per day. INCLUDING WEEKENDS.

8. Responsibility for mastering the content rests with the student.

The State of South Carolina has mandated a uniform grading policy. The Charleston County School District and Wando High School, for use in regular classrooms, has approved the following basic marking system:

A 90 –100B 80 – 89C 70 – 79D 60 – 69F 0 – 59

Nine-week grades in AP European History will be determined in the following manner:

Objective tests/Essays/Free Response Questions/Document Based Questions 80%Primary/Secondary Source Analyses 20%

In cases of excused absences, makeup work must be completed within the first five days after a student returns to school.

To assess your knowledge of each part of each unit in AP European History and to prepare you for the AP Exam, you will be required to show your understanding in the following test formats: Long Essay Question Essays, Document Based Question Essays, Short Answer Questions, Standard Content-based Multiple Choice Questions, and Stimulus-based Multiple Choice Questions. When the syllabus says “multiple choice,” be prepared to answer both types of multiple-choice questions; Essays will be graded using the AP standards. DBQ essays will be graded according to the College Board Generic Core-Scoring Guide for AP European History.

All essays will be graded 0 – 9 and then converted according to the following scale:

9 = 98 (100)8 = 937 = 906 = 855 = 834 = 803 = 772 = 731 = 700 = 65 (This zero is different from a zero on work that is not

turned in. No credit is given when work is not turned in.)

Essays turned in late will be graded down one level on the scale for each day the essay is late.

CCSD EXAM EXEMPTION POLICY: The superintendent may exempt from final examinations only seniors enrolled in courses earning a full Carnegie unit both first and second semesters for high school diploma credit who have an average of 90 or above for the second semester course, effective August 19, 2016. All underclassmen students will take final examinations. The superintendent may not exempt students from final advanced placement examinations, state end of course examinations, or one-semester one-half Carnegie unit course examinations.

Primary and Secondary Sources are an integral part of the instruction for this class and we will daily utilize these at our disposal—from our textbooks, internet, sourcebooks, etc. At times, we will read these aloud together as a group, challenging one another to delve deep into the importance of point of view of the author and the author’s bias. The majority of the work done with primary sources will be done with a series of analytical questions that accompany the reading. These will be done EVERY night—you must not get behind on your source material.

Teachers and administrators will treat cheating and plagiarism as a very serious matter. Teachers will confer with the appropriate administrator to review the evidence of any misconduct. All substantiated infractions will result in the grade being affected. Parents will be notified. A zero will be recorded for the assignment, and there will be no opportunity for make-up work.

Thematic Essential Questions for All Units 1. Why have Europeans sought contact and interaction with other parts of the world?2. What political, technological, and intellectual developments enabled European contact and

interaction with other parts of the world? 3. How have encounters between Europe and the world shaped European culture, politics, and

society? 4. What impact has contact with Europe had on non-European societies? 5. How has capitalism developed as an economic system? 6. How has the organization of society changed as a result of or in response to the development

and spread of capitalism? 7. What were the causes and consequences of economic and social inequality? 8. How did individuals, groups, and the state respond to economic and social inequality? 9. What roles have traditional sources of authority (church and classical antiquity) played in the

creation and transmission of knowledge? 10. How and why did Europeans come to rely on the scientific method and reason in place of

traditional authorities? 11. How and why did Europeans come to value subjective interpretations of reality? 12. What forms have European governments taken, and how have these changed over time? 13. In what ways and why have European governments moved toward or reacted against

representative and democratic principles and practices? 14. How did civil institutions develop apart from governments, and what impact have they had upon

European states?15. How and why did changes in warfare affect diplomacy, the European state system, and the

balance of power?16. How did the concept of a balance of power emerge, develop, and eventually become

institutionalized?17. What forms have family, class, and social groups taken in European history, and how have they

changed over time?18. How and why have tensions arisen between the individual and society over the course of

European history?19. How and why has the status of specific groups within society changed over time?

Nine Historical Thinking Skills

1. Causation--Historical thinking involves the ability to identify, analyze, and evaluate multiple cause-and-effect relationships in a historical context, distinguishing between the long-term and proximate.

2. Patterns of Continuity and Change over Time--Historical thinking involves the ability to recognize, analyze, and evaluate the dynamics of historical continuity and change over periods of varying lengths, as well as relating these patterns to larger historical processes or themes.

3. Periodization--Historical thinking involves the ability to describe, analyze, evaluate, and construct models of historical periodization that historians use to categorize events into discrete blocks and to identify turning points, recognizing that the choice of specific dates favors one narrative, region or group over another narrative, region or group; therefore, changing the periodization can change a historical narrative. Moreover, the particular circumstances and contexts in which individual historians work and write shape their interpretations and models of past events.

4. Comparison--Historical thinking involves the ability to describe, compare, and evaluate, in various chronological and geographical contexts, multiple historical developments within one society and one or more development across or between different societies. Historical thinking also involves the ability to identify, compare, and evaluate multiple perspectives on a given historical experience.

5. Contextualization--Historical thinking involves the ability to connect historical developments to specific circumstances in time and place, and to broader regional, national or global processes.

6. Historical Argumentation--Historical thinking involves the ability to define and frame a question about the past and to address that question by constructing an argument. A plausible and persuasive argument requires a clear, comprehensive and analytical thesis, supported by relevant historical evidence — not simply evidence that supports a preferred or preconceived position. Additionally, argumentation involves the capacity to describe, analyze, and evaluate the arguments of others in light of available evidence.

7. Appropriate Usage of Relevant Historical Evidence—Historical thinking involves the ability to identify, describe, and evaluate evidence about the past from diverse sources (written documents, works of art, archaeological artifacts, oral traditions, and other primary sources), with respect to content, authorship, purpose, format, and audience. Historical thinking involves the ability to extract useful information, make supportable inferences, and draw appropriate conclusions from historical evidence. Historical thinking involves the ability to understand such evidence in its context, recognize its limitations, and assess the points of view that it reflects.

8. Interpretation--Historical thinking involves the ability to describe, analyze, evaluate, and create diverse interpretations of the past — as revealed through primary and secondary historical sources — by analyzing evidence, reasoning, contexts, points of view, and frames of reference.

9. Synthesis--Historical thinking involves the ability to arrive at meaningful and persuasive understandings of the past by applying all the other historical thinking skills, by drawing appropriately on ideas from different fields of inquiry or disciplines and by creatively fusing disparate, relevant (and perhaps contradictory) evidence from primary sources and secondary works. Additionally, synthesis may involve applying insights about the past to other historical contexts or circumstances, including the present.

Course Materials

Kagan, Donald, Steven Ozment and Frank M. Turner. The Western Heritage: Since 1300. Tenth Edition. NJ: Prentice Hall, 2011. (PRIMARY TEXT)

Caliguire, Augustine, Jeanne M. Kish, Roberta J. Leach, and Lawrence M. Ober. The Center for Learning Advanced Placement European History (1,2,and 3). The Center for Learning, 2006.

Palmer, R.R., Joel Colton. A History of the Modern World. Eighth Edition. NY: McGraw-Hill, 1995.

Kishlansky, Mark A., ed. Sources of the West: Readings in Western Civilization. Third Edition, Vol. 1. New York: Longman, 1998.

Mitchell, Joseph R. and Helen Buss Mitchell. Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Issues in World History (Vol. I and II). Guilford, CT: McGraw-Hill, 2002.

Palmer, R. R. and Joel Colton. A History of the Modern World. Seventh Edition. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1992.

Sherman, Dennis, ed. Western Civilization: Images and Interpretations From the Renaissance to the Present. Third Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1991.

Stearns, Peter, Ed. Documents in World History: Volume 2 1500 to Present. Fourth Edition. New York: Pearson-Longman, 2006.

Tierney, Brian, et al. Great Issues in Western Civilization. Second Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992.

Viault, Birdsall. Modern European History. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990.

Wiesner, Merry E., et al. Discovering the Western Past: A Look at the Evidence. Fourth Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000.

Thematic Learning ObjectivesTheme 1: Interaction of Europe and the World (INT)Theme 2: Poverty and Prosperity (PP)Theme 3: Objective Knowledge and Subjective Visions (OS)Theme 4: States and Other Institutions of Power (SP)Theme 5: Individual and Society (IS)

Historical Time PeriodsPeriod 1: 1450 – 1648Period 2: 1648 – 1815Period 3: 1815 – 1914Period 4: 1914 – present

Unit 1 Introduction to Modern Europe(1 Week)

I. Nature of History and Historical Source Documentsa. Primary and Secondary Sources

II. Prehistory through the Mediterranean World: The Definition of Civilizationa. Shaping of Western Civilizationb. Ancient Greece and Romec. Early Christianity

III. Dark Ages (500-1000)a. Carolingian Empireb. Viking Invasionsc. Rise of Catholic Power

IV. Medieval Europe (1000-1300)a. Feudalismb. Building of Power in England, France, Holy Roman Empirec. The Crusades

V. The Catastrophic 14th Centurya. Black Deathb. Hundred Years’ Warc. Great Schism

Unit 2 Renaissance Europe (2 Weeks)

I. Renaissance Italya. Renaissance Society

i. Importance of the Familyii. Class Differences

iii. The Experience and Quality of Lifeiv. Social Trends

b. Italian Urbanizationi. Five Major City-States

ii. Birth of Power Politics and Modern Diplomacyc. Intellectual Renaissance

i. Italian Renaissance Humanismii. Education

iii. Philosophy and Historyd. The Artistic Renaissance

i. Techniques and Themesii. Early Renaissance

iii. Middle Renaissanceiv. High Renaissancev. Architecture

e. The End of Italian Hegemonyi. Warring Italian City-States

ii. The Invasion of Europe into ItalyII. Northern Renaissance

a. The European State in the Renaissancei. Growth of the French Monarchy

ii. England: Civil War and a New Monarchyiii. The Unification of Spain

iv. The Rise of the Habsburgsv. Eastern Europe and the rise of the Kievan Rus

vi. Suleiman the Magnificent and the Ottoman Empireb. Northern and Christian Humanismc. Northern Renaissance Art

Unit 3 The Age of Exploration (1 Week)

I. The Age of Explorationa. Motivesb. The Portuguese Empire

i. Development and Patronageii. A Passage to India

c. The Spanish Empirei. Background

ii. Conquest of the Aztecsiii. Conquest of the Incaiv. Administration and Brutality

d. The African Slave Tradee. The Colombian Exchange

i. Economic Impact and Mercantilism

Unit 4 The Protestant Reformation (1.5 Week)

I. Prelude to the Reformationa. Causes

i. John Wyclif and Jan Husii. Conciliar Movement

iii. Abuses of the Renaissance Papacyb. Martin Luther and the Reformation in Germany

i. Early Luther and the Problems of Faithii. Rise and Spread of Lutheranism

iii. Church and Statec. The Dilemmas of Charles V

i. Wars with Franceii. Threat of the Ottoman Empire

iii. Struggles with the Papacyiv. German Religious Wars

d. The Spread of the Reformationi. The Zwinglian Reformation

ii. The Radical Reformation and the Anabaptistsiii. John Calvin

e. The Reformation in Englandi. Henry VIII

ii. The Building of the Anglican Churchf. The Catholic Counter Reformation

i. Ignatius of Loyola and the Jesuitsii. Council of Trent

g. Witchcraft Craze

Unit 5 Age of Absolutism (3 Weeks)

I. The Wars of Religiona. Philip II and the Cause of Militant Catholicism

i. Background ii. William of Orange and the Dutch Revolt

iii. Philip II v. Elizabeth I of Englandiv. The Decline of Spain

b. French Wars of Religioni. Background and the Regency of Catherine de Medici

ii. St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre and Wariii. War of the Three Henries and the Victory of Henry of Navarreiv. Reign of Henry IVv. Regencies of Cardinal Richelieu and Cardinal Mazarin

c. Conflict in Central Europei. Background and the Holy Roman Empire

ii. The Disintegration of Germany: The 30 Years’ Wariii. Rise of Austria

II. Absolutism vs. Constitutionalisma. England: Absolutism to Constitutionalism

i. Elizabeth I and the Golden Ageii. The Rise of the Stuarts and James I

iii. Charles I and the ascendancy of Parliamentiv. English Civil Warv. Oliver Cromwell and the Protectorate

vi. Charles II and the Stuart Restorationvii. James II and the Glorious Revolution

viii. William, Mary, and the English Constitutional Monarchyb. Louis XIV

i. Life at Versaillesii. Domestic Policies

iii. Wars of Louis XIV1. Piecemeal Aggrandizement2. War of the League of Augsburg3. War of Spanish Succession

iv. Legacy of the Sun King and the Balance of Powerc. Russia

i. Ivan the Terribleii. Ascendancy of the Romanovs

iii. Peter the Great1. Westernization2. Great Northern War

d. Rise of Brandenburg-Prussiae. Baroque Art

Unit 6 The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment (1.5 Week)

I. The Scientific Revolutiona. Astronomy

i. Copernicusii. Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler

iii. Galileob. The Brilliance of Isaac Newton

i. Astronomyii. Mathematics

c. Mathematics and Methodologyi. Rene Descartes and the Deductive Method

ii. Francis Bacon and the Inductive Methodd. Advances in Medicine

i. Paracelsusii. Andreas Vesalius

iii. William Harveye. Philosophy

i. Jean Froissartii. Benedict de Spinoza

iii. Blaise PascalII. The Enlightenment

a. Backgroundi. Skepticism

ii. Scientific Revolutioniii. Thomas Hobbes iv. John Locke

b. The Philosophes and their ideasi. Common Themes

ii. Montesquieu and Political Thoughtiii. Voltaireiv. Diderot’s Encyclopediav. Rousseau

c. Women during the Enlightenmenti. The Woman “Question”

ii. Mary Wollstonecraftiii. Salons

d. Baroque Musice. Rococo Art

Unit 7 The Eighteenth Century: War and Social Change (1 Week)

I. Western Europea. France under Louis XVb. The Hanoverians and the Growth of Parliamentary Power

II. Central and Eastern Europea. The Rise of Brandenburg-Prussia

i. Frederick William(s)

ii. Army and Bureaucracyb. Austria under Maria Theresac. Decline of the Ottoman Empired. The Destruction of Poland

III. Enlightened Despotisma. Frederick II of Prussiab. Catherine the Great of Russiac. Joseph II of Austria

IV. Wars and Diplomacya. War of the Austrian Successionb. Seven Years’ War

V. Social Changea. Marriage Patterns and Birth/Death Ratesb. The Widening Gap Between the Rich and Poorc. The Emerging Middle Class

Unit 8 The French Revolution and Napoleon (2 Weeks)

I. The French Revolutiona. Causes of the French Revolution

i. The Enlightenmentii. American Revolution

iii. The Old Regimeiv. Financial Crisis

b. Estates General to National Assembly i. Abbe Sieyes

ii. Tennis Court Oathc. Destruction of the Old Regime

i. Storming of the Bastilleii. The Great Fear

iii. Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizeniv. Women’s March on Versailles

d. 1790-1791i. Constitutional Changes

ii. Economic Policiesiii. Quarrel with the Catholic Church

e. War and the “Second” Revolutioni. International Impact of the Revolution

ii. The Declarations of Wariii. August 10, 1792

f. The Reign of Terrori. The National Convention

ii. Background to the Terroriii. Maximilien Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safetyiv. The Thermidorean Reaction

g. The Directoryi. The Weaknesses of the Directory

ii. The Coup d’Etat of Bonaparte

II. Napoleonic Europea. The Consulate

i. Domestic Policiesii. Agreement with the Church

iii. Military Campaignsb. The Formation of the French Empire

i. War of the Third Coalitionii. The Grand Empire

iii. The Continental Systemc. The Overthrown of Napoleon

i. The Disaster in Russiaii. The War of Liberation

iii. Restoration of the Bourbons and the Hundred DaysIII. Neoclassical Art

Unit 9 The Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions (1 Week)

I. Agricultural Revolutiona. New Innovationsb. New Technologiesc. Enclosure Movement

II. The Industrial Revolutiona. The Conducive Climate of Great Britainb. Technological Changes and new Forms of Industrial Organization

i. The Cotton Industryii. The Steam Engine

iii. The Iron Industryiv. A Revolution in Transportationv. The Factory

c. The Spread of Industrializationi. Continental Industrial Centers

ii. Joint-Stock Investment III. Social Impact

a. Urbanizationb. New Social Classes

i. Middle Classii. Industrial Workers

c. Conditions of the Working Classi. Standards of Living

ii. Efforts of Reform and Governmental Intervention

Unit 10 Reaction and Revolution (1.5 Weeks)

I. Advent of the –Ismsa. Conservatismb. Liberalismc. Laissez-Faire Economicsd. Radicalism

e. Socialismf. Population Studiesg. Nationalism

II. The Conservative Ordera. The Congress of Viennab. The Concert of Europe

i. Interventionism ii. Revolt of Latin Americaiii. Greek Revoltiv. Metternich in Austriav. Tory Rule in Britainvi. Louis XVIII in Francevii. Nicholas I and the Decembrist Revolt

III. Revolutions of 1830-1832a. France: 1824-1830

i. Charles Xii. July Revolution of 1830

b. Belgiumc. Nicholas I and Polandd. Mazzini and Young Italye. Reform in Great Britain

IV. Revolutions of 1848a. Yet Another French Revolution

i. February Revolutionii. June Daysiii. Emergence of Louis Napoleon Bonaparte

b. Vienna: The Nationalist Revolution in Central Europe and Italyi. Austria in 1848ii. The March Daysiii. Turning of the Tide and Repressioniv. Ausgleich

c. The Question of a Liberal Germanyi. German States and the Failure of Revolution in Prussiaii. Frederick William IV and the Frankfurt Assembly

V. Art and Thoughta. Romanticism

Unit 11 The Consolidation of the Large Nation State (1.5 Weeks)

I. A New Toughness of the Minda. Realism in Art and Literatureb. Marxismc. Science

II. Bonapartism: The Second French Empirea. Political Institutions of the Second Empireb. Domestic and Economic Developmentsc. The Crimean War

III. The Unification of Italy

a. Nationalism and Realpolitikb. Camilo di Cavour and the Piedmontc. Wars with Austriad. Cavour and Garibaldi: Completion of the Unification

IV. The Unification of Germanya. Otto von Bismarck and Prussiab. Danish Warc. Austro-Prussian Ward. Franco-Prussian Ware. Completion of the Unification

V. Alexander II’s Russiaa. Impact of the Crimean Warb. Reforms of Alexander IIc. The Rise of Extremism and the Tragedy of Alexander IId. The Brutal Reign of Alexander III

i. Autocracy, Orthodoxy, Nationalityii. Industrialization

Unit 12 European Civilization: 1871-1914 (1 Week)

I. DemographicsII. The Advance of Democracy

a. France: the Third Republici. Paris Commune

ii. Troubles in the Boulanger Crises and the Dreyfus Affairb. Britain

i. Gladstone and Disraeliii. Reform Bills

iii. Irish Questionc. German Empire

i. Kulturkampfii. Persistence of the Old Order

III. Science, Philosophy, the Arts, and Religiona. Science

i. Impact of Evolutionii. Genetics

iii. Psychologyb. Socialism

i. Bernsteinii. Sorel

c. Philosophyi. Nietzsche

ii. Kierkegaardiii. Existentialismiv. Racismv. Rights of Women

vi. Christianityd. Art in the late 19th Century

Unit 13 Imperialism and the Coming of World War I (1.5 Weeks)

I. Imperialisma. Causes and Motives

i. Moneyii. Power

iii. Social Darwinism and Racismiv. Religion

b. Scramble for Africai. The Opening of Africa

ii. Friction and Rivalryc. Imperialism in Asia

i. British1. India2. China

ii. Opening of Japan1. Commodore Perry2. Russo-Japanese War

d. Responses to ImperialismII. International Rivalry and the Coming of War

a. The Age of Bismarcki. The Balkans: Decline of the Ottoman Empire

ii. Rival Alliances: Triple Alliance vs. Ententeb. Crises in Morocco and the Balkansc. Militarism d. The Sarajevo Crises and the Outbreak of War

Unit 14 The Great War and the Russian Revolution (2.5 Week)

I. The Armed Stalematea. The War on Land 1914-1916

i. Trench Warfareb. War at Seac. Diplomatic Maneuvers and Secret Agreements

II. The Collapse of Russia and the Intervention of the United Statesa. The Withdrawal of Russia: Revolution and the Treaty of Brest-Litovskb. The Entry of the United Statesc. The Final Phase of the War

III. The Collapse of the Austrian and German EmpiresIV. The Economic and Social Impact of the War

a. Effects on Capitalism: Government-Regulated Economiesb. Inflation, Industrial Changes, Control of Ideasc. Public Order and Public Opiniond. Social Impact of Total War

V. The Peace of Parisa. The 14 Pointsb. Other Peace Treaties with the Central Powers

c. Treaty of VersaillesVI. Backgrounds

a. Communist Groups in Russiab. Split in the Social Democrats: Bolsheviks and Mensheviksc. Revolution

i. Revolutionary Eventsii. Bloody Sunday and the November Revolution

iii. The Stolypin Reforms VII. The Revolution of 1917

a. End of the Romanov Regime: March 1917b. The Bolshevik Revolution: November 1917c. Lenin and the New Regime

i. Civil Warii. New Economic Policy

VIII. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republicsa. Government: The Nationalities and Federalismb. State and Partyc. Stalin v. Trotsky

IX. The Stalinist Regimea. Five Year Plansb. Collectivization of Agriculturec. Growth of Industryd. Social Costs and Effects of the Five Year Planse. The Purge of the Communist Party

Unit 15 The Road to World War II (2 Week)

I. The Democratic Statesa. Great Britainb. France

II. The Great DepressionIII. The Rise of Totalitarianism

a. Fascist Italyi. Postwar Italy

ii. Benito Mussolini and the Birth of Fascismiii. The Italian Fascist State

b. Nazi Germanyi. Weimar Germany

ii. The Rise of the Nazi Partyiii. The Nazi Seizure of Poweriv. The Nazi Statev. Anti-Semitism

IV. Prelude to Wara. Pacifism and Disunity in the Westb. Hitler’s Agressionc. Francisco Franco and the Spanish Civil Ward. The Munich Crisise. End of Appeasement

V. Cultural and Intellectual Trends in the Interwar Yearsa. Art and Musicb. Mass Communication

Unit 16 The Second World War (1.5 Week)

I. The Years of Axis Triumpha. Nazi Europe, 1939-1940, Poland and the fall of Franceb. The New Nazi Order

i. Nazi Empire ii. Resistance Movements

iii. The Holocaustc. The Battle of Britain and American Aidd. The Nazi Invasion of Russiae. 1942, the Year of Dismay: Russia, North Africa, the Pacific

II. The Western-Soviet Victorya. Plans and Preparationsb. The Turning of the Tide, 1942-43: Stalingrad, North Africa, Sicilyc. The Allied Offensive, 1944-45: Europe and the Pacific

III. The Foundations of Peacea. The Conferences at Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdamb. The Atomic Era

Unit 17 The Cold War (2 Weeks)

I. The Cold War: the Opening Decade, 1945-1955a. Origins and Natureb. Berlin Blockade and Airliftc. NATO and the Warsaw Pactd. Economic Reconstruction

i. Marshall Planii. Economic Growth

II. The Communist World: the Soviet Union and Eastern Europea. Postwar Stalinismb. Khruschchev: The Effort of Reformc. Eastern Europe

i. Consolidation of Communist Controlii. Repression in East Germany, Poland, and Hungary

iii. The “Prague Spring” of the 1960sIII. Confrontation and Détente, 1955-1975

a. U-2 Controversyb. Bay of Pigs and the Cuban Missile Crisisc. Brezhnev in the 1970s: Détente and the Helsinki Conference of 1975

IV. The End of the Cold Wara. Gorbachev, Perestroika, Glasnost, and the Announcement of Non-Interventionb. Eastern Europe: The Collapse of the Communist Order

i. Polandii. Hungary

iii. Czechoslovakiaiv. Romaniav. Bulgaria

vi. Albaniac. The Reunification of Germanyd. Boris Yeltsin and the Collapse of the Soviet Unione. The Disintegration of Yugoslavia

i. War in Bosniaii. War in Kosovo

Unit 18 The Modern World (1.5 Weeks)

I. The West since 1945a. France

i. Domination of Charles DeGaulleii. France since DeGaulle’s fall

b. Great Britaini. Labour and Conservative

ii. Thatcherismc. Italy since 1945

II. Western Europe: The Move Toward Unitya. Economic and Political Changeb. European Union

III. DecolonizationIV. The Emergence of a New Society

a. The Structure of European Societyb. Creation of the Welfare Statec. Women in Postwar Europed. Education and Student Revolte. The Growth of Terrorism

V. Postwar Art and Culture

REVIEW 1 Week (2 Full Practice Exams)