Citation:

4 Birds in pest situations. 1970. Chapter 4. Pages 58-82. In: Charles E Palm (editor). Vertebrate Pests: Problems and Control. Principles of Plant and Animal Pest Control. Volume 5. Agricultural Board, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, Washington DC, 153 pages.

Keywords: damage, birds and crop loss, corn, rice, lettuce, pintail, mallard, American widgeon, blackbirds, water birds, areas of conflict, birds and airplanes, birds and infectious disease, parrot fever psittacosis, ornithosis, bird feces, intermediate hosts for infectious diseases, encephalitis, birds as reservoir for disease organisms, histoplasmosis, Histoplasma capsulatum, house sparrows, starlings, pigeons, herring gulls, food contaminants, comfort and aesthetics, control of bird pest situations, fright techniques, chemical agents, repellents, lethal techniques, regulations, cultural control, preventative measures