Transport and dispatch of biological material by airlines

For the shipment of biological material by air freight, the provisions of the International Air Transport Association (IATA) apply. Biological material must be sent in such a way that, during transport, a hazard to humans, animals and the environment is largely excluded. In 2005, the classification of biological material was completely revised. Instead of the division into 4 risk groups, a division into the two categories A and B was made. These changes were legally binding as of January 1, 2007, also for road transport (18th ADR Amendment Ordinance).

Biological material / biological substances of category A (biological substance, category A):Category A includes all infectious materials / substances known or reasonably believed to contain pathogens.Pathogens are defined as microorganisms (including bacteria, viruses, rickets pathogens,Parasites, fungi) and other substances that cause disease in humans or animalscan.Biological materials / substances of category A may only be transported in air transport by persons demonstrably trained in dangerous goods law for aviation (Shipper's Declaration of Dangerous Goods!).

Biological material / biological substances of category B (biological substance, category B): as well as genetically modified microorganisms and organisms:Category B covers all potentially pathogenic biological materials / substances that are not classified as category A. These are all wild-type organisms from risk group 2, cultures or diagnostic samples of risk groups 1 and 2, as well as all genetically modified microorganisms (GMMOs) and organisms (GMOs).

The packaging of biological materials and substances takes place according to the packaging regulations:650, the packaging of genetically modified microorganisms (GMMOs) or organisms(GMOs) according to packing regulation 959 of the dangerous goods regulation IATA, 57th edition 2016 (see description in appendix 1).

If dry ice is sent to cool biological material, the packaging regulation 954 of the dangerous goods regulation IATA, 57th Edition 2016 must be observed (see description in Annex 2).

Exceptions:

- High risk agent 2 (or S2) pathogens producing highly potent toxins (e.g., Clostridium botulinum Control all under category A.- Cultures of animal pathogens of risk group 2 (or S2) of agricultural animals (eg Avian paramyxovirus type 1, Newcastle disease virus, lumpy skin disease virus, Vesicular stomatitis virus) fall partially under the category A.- Diagnostic samples containing animal pathogens of risk group 4 (e.g., African swine fever virus, foot and mouth disease virus, petits ruminants virus, rinderpest virus) fall under category B.

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Exempt samples:The following samples should not be packaged or labeled as a biological category B material:

- wild-type organisms of risk group 1 - live vaccines for medical use - Vector plasmids (or other nucleic acids) - Proteins (e.g., antibodies)

There are no packing instructions for the dispatch of these materials; a UN numbermust also not be specified.

But: there must be an internal cover letter marked "Exempt human specimen" or "Exempt animal specimen". This serves the rapid information of those involved in a possible incident.

Note:

• Failure to comply with the packing instructions and the occurrence of an incident during transport shall entitle the sender or the undersigned of the abandoned cargo to be personally and privately liable.

• Passengers and crew members are prohibited from carrying any Labeled samples in their hand luggage, checked baggage or person.

• Violations can be punished by imprisonment.

Legal basis:ADR Dangerous Goods Regulations (IATA), 57th edition 2016IATA classification - infectious substancesIATA Packing instructions 620, 650, 954 and 959Dangerous Goods Ordinance Road and Railways, 2016,Protecting wild specimens of wildlife by monitoring trade, 2014

Annex S1: Packaging of biological materials / Substances of category B orGenetically modified microorganisms or organisms

General requirements:The packaging must be able to withstand mechanical stresses (such as vibrations, impacts, etc.) such as may occur during transport, including during transfer between different transport units. In addition, it must be so constructed and sealed that under normal conditions of transport there is no loss of contents due to changes in temperature, humidity or pressure.

The packaging must consist of 3 components:

        a) Primary container        b) secondary packaging        c) outer packaging

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I. Liquid substances:

to a) Primary container

The primary tank must be leak-proof and must not contain more than 1 liter! If several fragile primary containers (such as glass culture tubes) are packed in a secondary packaging, they must be individually wrapped or spatially separated so as to preclude contact!The primary reservoir (s) must be able to withstand leakage without lossInternal pressure of 95 kPa in the range of - 40 ° C to 55 ° C to withstand!

to b) Secondary packaging

The secondary packaging must also be leak-proof!Between the +/ the primary container and the secondary container so much absorbent material must be introduced so that in case of leakage, if necessary, the whole liquid content of / the primary container / s is sucked up. It must be ensured that in case of leakage neither the cushioning material nor the outer packaging is damaged in any way!The secondary packaging must withstand an internal pressure of 95 kPa within the range of - 40 ° C to 55 ° C without loss of leakage!A detailed list of content must be made between the secondary packaging and the Outer packaging to be enclosed!

to c) Outer packaging

The outer packaging must not contain more than 4 liters. This amount does not include ice, dry ice or liquid nitrogen when added to cool the samples! (see Appendix 2)An area of the outer packaging must have a minimum dimension of 100 mm x 100 mm!The package must have a free-fall test from a height of 1.2 m to a hard,endure non-resilient, horizontal surface!

II. Solids:

to a) Primary container

The primary container must be leak-proof and must not exceed the weight limits of the outer packaging.If several fragile primary containers are packed in a single secondary packaging, they must be individually wrapped or spatially separated so as to preclude contact.

to b) secondary packaging

The secondary packaging must be leak-proof!A detailed list of content must be made between the secondary packaging and theOuter packaging to be enclosed!

to c) outer packaging

The outer packaging must not contain more than 4 kg. This amount does not closeIce, dry ice or liquid nitrogen when added to cool the samples! (see Appendix 2)

An area of the outer packaging must have a minimum dimension of 100 mm x 100 mm!The package must have a free-fall test from a height of 1.2 m to a hard,endure non-resilient, horizontal surface.

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General labeling / marking obligation of the outer packaging:

The name and address of the consignor and the consignee must be placed on each packaging, as well as the name and telephone number of a responsible person!

(a) For the shipment of biological materials and substances, the marking UN 3373 shall be applied. The marking must have a side length of 50 mm. The line thickness of the outer lines must be at least 2 mm and the letters and numbers must be at least 6 mm high (see below).In addition, the shipping name "Biological substance, Category B", with letters at least 6 mm high on the outer surface of the outer packaging, must be placed on a background in contrasting color, clearly visible and legible (see below).

(b) For the shipment of genetically modified micro-organisms and organisms, the marking UN 3245 shall be applied. The marking must have a side length of 50 mm. The line thickness of the outer lines must be at least 2 mm and the letters and numbers must be at least 6 mm high (see below).

(a) (b)

Appendix 2: Packaging with dry ice for refrigeration according to IATA packing instruction 954

Become biological category B or genetically modified microorganismsor organisms with carbon dioxide (solid, dry ice) sent for cooling purposes, must:

1. The packaging allow the release of the carbon dioxide gas by design, so that pressure build-up is prevented, which could bring the packaging to bursting.

2. the following markings must be affixed to the same side of the outer packaging:

(a) the marking (UN 1845):

        (b) the shipping name "dry ice" or "carbon dioxide, solid" and

(c) the net weight of carbon dioxide (solid, dry ice).

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For each shipment, arrangements must be made in advance between sender and airline to ensure that:

1. the ventilation safety regulations are followed.

2. the relevant regulations of the respective airline    regarding their limitation of carbon dioxide (solid, dry ice).

Dangerous Goods regulations

5.6 Packing instructions - Class 6 - Toxic substances and infectious substances

Packing instruction 620

Deviations of the states: AUG-03, BHG-02, CAG-05/10/11, DQG-03, GBG-05, VCG-04, VUG-02Aeronautical Undertakings: 4C-04, 4M-04, AA-06, AM-06/10, AS-08, BR-14, BZ-07, CA- 11, E9-03, FX-09, HA-03, IJ-06, IP-03, JJ-04, KC-08, L7-04, LA-07, LH-05, LP-04, LU-04,M3-04, M7-04, MS-06, OU 12, PX-08, SV-12, TK-07, UC-04, UU-05, XL-04

This instruction applies to UN 2814 and UN 2900 passenger aircraft and cargo aircraft only.Packaging must comply with the requirements under 6.5 and be marked in accordance with 6.5.3.1.

General requirements:

Shippers of infectious substances must comply with these requirements and ensure that packages are prepared to arrive in good condition at the place of receipt and present no danger to humans or animals during carriage.

The packages must include:

a) Inner packaging consisting of:

• a liquid-tight primary vessel or several liquid-tight primary vessels; • a liquid-tight secondary packaging; and • Except for solid infectious substances, an absorbent material, such as raw cotton, in sufficient quantity to hold all the contents placed between the primary receptacle (s) and the secondary packaging. If several fragile primary containers are in a single secondary package, they must be individually wrapped or separated to prevent contact between them.

b) a detailed list of the contents enclosed between the secondary packaging and the

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outer packaging; and

c) a rigid outer packaging. The smallest external dimension must be at least 100 mm.

Alternative packaging for the transport of animal material may be approved by the competent authority in accordance with the provisions of 5.0.6.7.

Whatever the intended temperature of the package, the primary or secondary packaging must be capable of delivering, without leakage of hazardous material, an internal pressure corresponding to a pressure differential of not less than 95 kPa, in the range of -40 ° C to 55 ° C to resist.

Annotation:

The possibility of packaging, an internal pressure which produces the indicated pressure difference without being able to escape, should be determined by primary or secondary test specimens. The pressure difference is the difference between the pressure acting on the inside and the outside of the container or the packaging. The appropriate test method should be selected based on the container or packaging type. The permissible test methods include all methods that produce the required pressure difference between the inside and outside of a primary or secondary packaging. The test method can be performed using internal liquid or gauge pressure or external vacuum testing methods. Internal fluid or overpressure can be used in a majority of cases because the required pressure differential can be achieved in a variety of circumstances. An external vacuum test method is not permitted unless the specified pressure differential can be achieved and maintained. The external vacuum test method is a generally accepted one.Procedure for rigid containers, but is generally not allowed for:

• flexible containers and packaging; • Containers and packages that are filled and closed under an absolute atmospheric pressure of less than 95 kPa.

Additional requirements

Inner packagings containing infectious substances shall not be packed together (consolidated) with inner packagings containing goods which are not causally related to the carriage of infectious substances. Full packages may be unpacked in accordance with the provisions of 5.0.1.5.

Other dangerous goods must not be packed in the same packaging as subclass 6.2, infectious substances, unless they are necessary for the maintenance of viability, stabilization or prevention of degradation or neutralization of the risks of infectious substances.

An amount of up to 30 mL of hazardous goods in Classes 3, 8 or 9 may be present in any Primary Containers of Infectious Substances, provided that they meet the requirements of 2.6. If these small quantities of dangerous goods are packed with infectious substances in accordance with this packing instruction, no further requirements of these regulations must be met.

If the contagious substances to be carried are unknown, but it is suspected that the criteria for inclusion in Category A are met, the term "Suspected Category A Infectious Substance" in brackets must immediately refer to the correct one The shipping name must be given following the detailed listing of the contents which is inside the outer packaging.

All packages containing infectious substances must be permanently and legibly marked on the outside with a NAME and PHONE NUMBER of a RESPONSIBLE PERSON.

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Specific requirements

Except for exceptional items, e.g. Large body parts and entire organs requiring special packaging are subject to the following requirements:

Substances that are shipped at ambient or higher temperatures:

Primary vessels must be made of glass, metal or plastic. Effective means of ensuring a liquid-tight seal must be present, e.g. a heat seal closure, a seamed plug or a metal crimp closure. If screw caps are used, they must be secured by effective means, e.g. by a tape, paraffin sealing tape or a security fastener made for this purpose;

Substances that are shipped refrigerated or frozen (ice, frozen packs, carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice)): Ice, carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice) or other refrigerants shall be packed around the secondary packaging (s) or, alternatively, in an outer packaging with one or more complete packages marked in accordance with 6.5.3.1. To ensure that the secondary packaging or packages remain securely in their original position after melting the ice or evaporating the dry ice, internal brackets must be provided. If ice is used, the outer or outer packaging must be leak-proof. When using carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice), the carbon dioxide must be able to escape from the outer packaging or outer packaging. The primary and secondary packaging must not be affected by the temperature of the refrigerant used;

Substances that are shipped in liquid nitrogen:

Primary plastic containers that are resistant to very low temperatures must be used. The secondary packaging must be resistant to very low temperatures and in most cases must be adapted to the individual primary vessels. The provisions on the carriage of liquid nitrogen must also be complied with. The primary and secondary packaging shall not be affected by the temperature of the refrigerant in terms of their functionality;

Lyophilized substances:

Primary vessels must be either sealed glass ampoules or glass stopcocks with metal seals sealed by rubber stoppers.

Before sending an empty package back to the sender or to another location, it must be thoroughly disinfected or sterilized to eliminate any danger, and any markings and markings indicating that the package contained infectious substances must be removed or removed to be deleted.

Packing instruction 650

Deviations of the states: BHG-02, CAG-05, DQG-03, GBG-05, VCG-04Aeronautical Undertakings: 4C-04, 4M-04, AM-06/10, AR-02, AS-08, BR-14, BZ-07, CM-05, E9-03, FX-09, GH-02, IJ-06/10, IP-03, JJ-04, KC-08, KE-06, L7-04, LA-07, LH-05, LP-04, LU-04, M3-04, M7-04, MN-03, MS-06, OS-05, OU-12, PX-08, S7-02, SQ-10, SV-12, TN-05, TZ-05, UC-04, UU-05, XG- 05, XL-04, XQ-05

This instruction applies to UN 3373, passenger plane and cargo plane only.

General requirements

The packages shall be of good quality and sufficiently resistant to withstand the shocks and

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stresses that may occur under normal conditions of carriage, including transshipment between different means of transport and between means of transport and warehouses, and any removal from one pallet or outer packaging to the subsequent manual or mechanical handling. The packaging must be so constructed and sealed that, under normal conditions of carriage, leakage of the contents due to vibration, temperature change, humidity or pressure change is prevented.

The packaging must consist of three components:

• a primary vessel,• a secondary packaging and• a rigid outer packaging.

Primary receptacles shall be packed in secondary packaging in such a way that, under normal conditions of carriage, they will prevent them from breaking down, penetrating or escaping into the secondary packaging. The secondary packaging must be inserted into the outer packaging with suitable cushioning material. Leakage of the contents must not result in impairment of the integrity of the cushioning material or outer packaging.

Packages must be prepared as follows:

a) For liquids: 1. The primary receptacle(s) must be liquid-tight and must not contain more than 1 L;

2. The secondary packaging must be liquid-tight; 3. If several fragile primary containers are placed in a single secondary packaging, they must

either be individually wrapped or separated so as to prevent mutual contact; 4. Absorbent material must be inserted between primary and secondary packaging.

The absorbent material, such as e.g. Raw cotton must be sufficiently absorbent to contain the amount contained in the primary receptacle (s) so that leakage of the liquid does not result in deterioration of the integrity of the cushioning material or outer packaging;

5.The primary or secondary packaging shall be capable of withstanding an internal pressure of 95 kPa in the range of -40 ° C to 55 ° C without loss of contents.

6.The outer packaging must not contain more than 4 liters. This amount does not include ice, dry ice or liquid nitrogen, if they are added to cool the samples.

Annotation:

The ability of a package to withstand an internal pressure that produces the indicated pressure differential without endangering product should be determined by testing primary or secondary packaging. The pressure difference is the difference between the pressure acting on the inside and the outside of the vessel or the package. The appropriate test method should be selected based on the type of container or packaging. The permissible test methods include all methods that produce the required pressure difference between the inside and outside of a primary or secondary packaging. The test can be carried out by means of internal liquid or positive pressure or external vacuum test methods. Internal fluid or gauge pressure can be used in a majority of cases because the required pressure differential can be achieved in most circumstances. An external vacuum test method is not permitted unless the specified pressure differential can be achieved and maintained. The external vacuum test method is a generally accepted method for rigid containers and packaging, but is generally not allowed for

• Flexible containers and flexible packaging; • Vessels and packagings that are filled and closed under an absolute

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atmospheric pressure of less than 95 kPa.

b) For solids:

1. The primary receptacle (s) shall be dustproof and shall not exceed the weight limitations imposed on the outer packaging;

2. The secondary packaging must be dustproof;3. If several fragile primary containers are placed in a single secondary packaging, they

must either be individually wrapped or separated so as to prevent mutual contact;4. Except for packages containing body parts, organs or whole bodies, the outer

packaging shall not contain more than 4 kg. This amount does not include ice, dry ice or liquid nitrogen, if they are added to cool the samples.

5. If there are any doubts as to whether residual liquid may be present in the primary vessel during carriage, a packaging suitable for liquids, including absorbent materials, shall be used.

A detailed list of the contents must be enclosed between the secondary packaging and the outer packaging.

At least one surface of the outer packaging must have a minimum dimension of 100 mm x 100 mm.

The complete package shall be able to successfully pass the drop test of 6.5.4.4 as specified in 6.5.4.2 except that the drop height shall not be less than 1.2 m. After the series of tests, the primary container (s) to be protected by the absorbent material, if required, must not be allowed to enter the secondary packaging.

For carriage, the marking shown below should be affixed to the outer surface of the outer packaging against a contrasting background; it must be clearly visible and readable. The marking must be in the shape of a pointed diamond (rhombus) with a minimum dimension of 50 mm x 50 mm. The line must be at least 2 mm wide and the letters and numbers must have a character height of at least 6 mm. The correct shipping name "Biological Substance, Category B" with a letter height of at least 6 mm must be indicated on the outer packaging next to the diamond-shaped marking.

If not all markings are clearly visible, the following conditions apply to packages in an outer packaging:

• The outer packaging must be marked with the word "Overpack"; and • The packaging markings must be reproduced on the outside of the outer packaging.

The shipper declaration for dangerous goods (Shipper's Declaration for Dangerous Goods) is not required.Alternative packaging for the transport of animal material may be approved by the competent

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authority in accordance with the provisions of 5.0.6.7.

Specific requirements

Chilled or frozen samples: ice, dry ice and liquid nitrogen

• When dry ice or liquid nitrogen is used to cool the sample, all applicable IATA regulations must be adhered to. If ice or dry ice is used, this should be used outside the secondary packaging, in the outer packaging or in an outer packaging. In order for the secondary packaging to remain securely in its original position after melting the ice or evaporating the dry ice, internal holders must be provided. When using ice, the outer packaging or outer packaging must be liquid-tight. When using carbon dioxide solid (dry ice), the packaging must be designed and constructed so that the carbon dioxide gas can escape to prevent pressure build-up that could cause the packaging to burst.

• The primary and secondary packaging shall not be impaired by the temperature of the refrigerant used and by the temperatures and pressures that may be encountered in the event of cooling failure.

Infectious substances, which are assigned to UN 3373 and packaged and marked in accordance with this packing instruction, are not subject to any further requirements of these IATA regulations, with the exception of the following:

a. The name and address of the consignor and the consignee must be given on each packaging; b. The name and telephone number of a responsible person must appear on the air waybill or on the packaging;

c. The classification must be consistent with 3.6.2; d. The requirements of 9.6.1 for incident reporting must be met; and

e. Check for damage or leakage in accordance with the requirements of 9.4.1 and 9.4.2.

Annotation:

If the consignor or consignee is also the responsible person as mentioned under (b) above, the name and address must be provided only once in order to comply with the name and address labeling requirements in (a) and (b).

Passengers and crew members are prohibited from carrying infectious substances, whether in hand luggage, checked baggage or on the person.

When an air waybill is used, the text "Biological Substance, Category B" and the number of packages must be entered in the "Nature and Quantity of Goods" box "UN 3373" stand.

Manufacturers and subsequent distributors of packaging must provide the consignor or the person preparing the package (e.g., the patient) with clear instructions for filling and capping these packages to allow proper preparation of the package for carriage.

Other dangerous goods may not be contaminated with infectious substances of subclass 6.2. in one and the same packaging, unless they are necessary for the maintenance of viability, stabilization, prevention of degradation or neutralization of the risks of infectious substances. Dangerous goods of Classes 3, 8 or 9 may be packed in quantities of not more than 30 ml in each primary vessel containing infectious substances, provided that these substances meet the requirements of 2.6. If these small quantities of dangerous goods are packed together with infectious substances in accordance with this packing instruction, the remaining requirements in these IATA regulations need not be met.

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Packing instruction 954

Aerodrome operators: 2K-07, AI-05, AM-09, AS-11, AV-07, B6-01, CA-08, CZ-04, FI-02, IP-06, KE-06, LR- 07, OM-05, T0-07, TA-07, VN-11.

This instruction only applies to UN 1845, carbon dioxide, solid / dry ice) with passenger aircraft and only with cargo aircraft.

The General Packaging Requirements of 5.0.2. must be fulfilled.

Additional packaging requirements

In packages:

(a) It shall be in packages designed and constructed to allow the escape of carbon dioxide gas and to prevent the build-up of pressure which could destroy the packaging;

(b) the consignor must make arrangements with the air carrier (s) for each consignment that the safety instructions for ventilation are respected;

(c) The consignor requirements of subsections 8.1 and 10.8.1 apply only if the carbon dioxide solid (dry ice) is used as the coolant for dangerous goods requiring a consignor's declaration;

(d) If a consignor declaration is not required, the following information, in accordance with 8.2.3 for the carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice) in the "Nature and Quantity of Good field of the air waybill, if one is used becomes. Or these must be listed in appropriate place in other transport documents. If an agreement exists with an air(EDP) and electronic data interchange (EDI) processes. The information should be made in the following order:

UN 1845; Proper shipping name "Dry Ice" or "Carbon dioxide, solid"; The number of packages; The netto weight of dry ice in each package.

(e) The net weight of carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice), must be indicated on the outer packaging of each package. If packages have to be placed in an outer packaging,

the total net weight of the dry ice must be marked on the outside of the outer packaging.

Dry ice as a coolant for non-dangerous goods:

1. Can be shipped in a loading unit or with another type of pallet, if prepared by a shipper, provided that the consignor has made prior arrangements with the carrier. and the following information must be included in the "Nature and Quantity of Goods" field of the Air Waybill, if one is used, or listed at the appropriate place in other transport documents. If an agreement exists with an air carrier, the consignor may provide the information through electronic data processing (EDP) and electronic data interchange (EDI) processes. The information should be made in the following order:

UN 1845 Proper shipping name "Dry Ice" or "Carbon dioxide, solid";

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The number of shipping pieces and the net weight of dry ice in each package if the loading unit (ULD) contains packages of dry ice; The load unit identification number (ULD) and the net amount of dry ice in each load unit (ULD) when dry ice is poured into the dry ice bucket of the load unit (ULD) or placed loosely in the load unit.

2. The load unit or other type of pallet must allow the escape of gaseous carbon dioxide to prevent dangerous pressure build-up (the marking and marking requirements in Section 7 do not apply to the loading units (ULDs)).

Remarks:

1. Reference is made to the applicable limitations and loading requirements for carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice) of airlines.

2. For air waybill requirements see 8.2.3. For loading instructions see 9.3.10. 3. For refrigeration purposes, an overpack may contain carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice)

provided that the overpack meets the requirements of this packing instruction.

UN number Quantity per package Quantity per pack.

Passanger plane Cargo plane

UN 1845,carbon dioxide, solid (dry ice) 200 kg 200 kg

Packing instruction 959

Divergence of carriers: 5X-07, AM-09/11

This instruction only applies to UN 3245 with passenger aircraft and only with cargo aircraft.

General requirements:

The packaging must be of good quality and strong enough to withstand the impacts and stresses that may occur under normal conditions of carriage, including the transfer between means of transport and between means of transport and warehouses, and each removal from a pallet or from an overpack to the subsequent manual or withstand mechanical handling. The packages shall be so manufactured and sealed as to prevent leakage of the contents caused by vibration, temperature, humidity or pressure change under normal conditions of carriage.

The packaging must comply with the provisions of 5.0.2.4.1, 5.0.2.6.1, 5.0.2.8 and 5.0.6 and must be designed to meet the design requirements of 6.1 and 6.2. The outer packaging must be made of suitable material of the appropriate thickness and designed for the size of the packaging and its intended use. If this packing instruction is used to transport inner packaging of composite packaging, it must be designed and manufactured so as to prevent unintentional release under normal conditions of carriage.

The packages do not have to meet the test requirements for packages in Section 6, but they must conform to the following:

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a) They consist of an inner packaging with:

• One primary / multiple primary and one secondary. Primary receptacles / primary receptacles must be leak-tight for liquids and dust-proof for solids;

• In the case of fluid absorbent material used between the primary receptacle (s) and secondary packaging. The absorbent material must be sufficient to contain the entire amount contained in the primary vessel (s) so that leakage of the liquid will not result in compromising the integrity of the cushioning material or outer packaging;

• If several fragile primary containers are placed in a single secondary packaging, they must either be wrapped individually or separated to prevent mutual contact.

b) They have a rigid outer packaging which is sufficiently strong in terms of their capacity, weight and intended use and has a minimum outer dimension of at least 100 mm.

For carriage, the mark shown below must be placed on the outer surface of the outer packaging against a contrasting background and must be clearly visible and readable. The marking shall be in the form of a square (diamond-shaped) placed at an angle of 45 ° and shall have a minimum dimension of each side of 50 mm, a line width of at least 2 mm and letters and digits of at least 6 mm character height.

If packages are placed in an overpack, the package markings required by this packing instruction must be clearly visible, or the markings must be repeated on the outside of the overpack. And the outer packaging must be marked with the word "Overpack".

GMOs or GMMOs assigned to UN 3245 which are packed and marked in accordance with this packing instruction are not subject to any other conditions of these Regulations, with the exception of the following:

a) The name and address of the consignor and the consignee must be given on each package;

b) The classification must have been made in accordance with 3.9.2.5; c) The requirements for checking for damage or leakage of 9.4.1 and 9.4.2 must be

complied with; d) The incident reporting requirements of 9.6 must be complied with; e) Passengers and crew members are prohibited from carrying UN 3245 either as or

in hand luggage, checked baggage or the person f) When an air waybill is produced, the field "Nature and Quantity of Goods" must include "UN 3245", the text GMO "or" GMMO "and the number of the packages (unless they are the only packages within this consignment).

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Additional packaging requirements:

Chilled or frozen samples: ice, dry ice and liquid nitrogen:

• If dry ice or liquid nitrogen is used to cool the sample, all applicable requirements of these instructions must be adhered to. If ice or dry ice is used, this should be used outside the secondary packaging, in the outer packaging or in an outer packaging. In order for the secondary packaging to remain in its original position after melting the ice or evaporating the dry ice, internal supports must be provided. When using ice, the outer or outer packaging must be tight. When using dry ice, the requirements of packing instruction 954 must be met.

• The primary and secondary packaging must retain their functionality at the temperature of the refrigerant used as well as at the temperatures and pressures that may be incurred if the cooling fails.

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