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Topic 3 – Distinctive Landscapes
The UK Landscape
1. Study Figure 1, a map of the UK’s upland and lowland areas.a) Describe the distribution of upland landscapes in the UK.
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[2]b) Which of the following is true of the climate of upland landscapes? Shade one oval only.
A Temperatures are very high
B Snowfall is very uncommon
C Rainfall is relatively high
D Rainfall is relatively low [1]
c) Outline the physical characteristics of lowland areas in the UK.……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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d) Compare land uses in upland and lowland areas in the UK.
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e) Briefly describe what is meant by a natural landscape.
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[1]
Weathering and Erosion
1. Study Figure 1., which shows how the coastline of an area has changed over time.
Figure 1
a) Name and describe two processes of erosion that could have caused the coastal change shown in Figure 1.
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b) Explain how freeze-thaw weathering could cause the cliffs shown in Figure 1 to break up.
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[4]
c) Describe a process of weathering, other than freeze-thaw, that can affect landscapes.
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[2]
[Total 10 marks]
Transportation and Deposition
1 Study Figure 1, which shows how the velocity of the River Dance varies along its course.Figure 1.
a) Small gravel particles are transported by velocities above 0.1m per second. At what distance along the River Dance does the transportation of gravel start?
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b) At 80km along the River Dance, pebbles are being transported. Give the velocity of the river at this point.
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[1]
c) Using Figure 1, suggest why deposition is the dominant process between 20 and 30km
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d) In the tables below, match each process of transportation with its correct description.One has been done for you.
Process of Transportation Description
Saltation Large particles like boulders are pushed along the river bed or sea floor by the force of the water
Solution Soluble materials dissolve in the water and are carried along
Traction Small particles like silt and clay are carried along by the water
Suspension Pebble-sized particles are bounced along the river bed or sea floor by the force of the water
[2]
e) Explain how constructive waves contribute to deposition on the coast
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[Total 9 Marks]
Coastal Landforms
1. Study Figure 1, a photograph showing coastal landforms.
Figure 1.
a) Name the type of landform labelled in A in Figure 1.
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[1]
b) Explain how the landforms shown in Figure 1 are formed.
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[3]
2. Study Figure 2, a photograph of a coastal area.Use evidence from Figure 2 to suggest how this coastal area may change in the future.Explain your answer. Figure 2.
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[Total 4 marks]
Coastal Landforms
3. Study Figure 3, an Ordnance Survey map of a coastal area in Devon.
Figure 3a) What is the six-figure grid reference for
the end of the spit, marked X on Figure 3? Shade one oval only.
A 992818
B 991802
C 090818
D 802991[1]
b) What is the distance between the end of the spit and Dawlish Warren Station at 979786?
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[1]
c) Explain how the spit shown in Figure 3 was formed.
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[3]
d) Describe the erosional landforms in one coastal landscape you have studied, and explain how they were formed.
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[6]
[Total 11 marks]
UK Coastal Landscapes
1. Study Figure 1, a photograph of erosion of the Holderness Coast.
Figure 1
a) Describe how geology may be influencing erosion on the stretch of coast shown in Figure 1.
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[3]
b) Using Figure 1 and your own knowledge, suggest how the process of erosion could be managed to help protect the Holderness coast.
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[4][Total 7 marks]
2. Study Figure 2, a photo of stretch of the South West Coast Path in Cornwall.Figure 2
a)a)a)a)a)a)a)a)a)a)a)a)a)
Describe how human activity has affected the clifftop in Figure 2.
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[2]
b) Case Study – coastal landscape in the UK.Assess how far the impacts of human activity on one coastal landscape have been negative.
[8+3 SPaG][Total 13 marks]
River Landforms
1 Study Figure 1, which shows a drainage basin
Figure 1a)
Identify the feature labelled A in Figure 1? Shade on oval only.
A Tributary
B Confluence
C Floodplain
D Lower course[1]
b) Identify the feature labelled B in Figure 1.
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[Total 2 marks]2. Study Figure 2, a cross profile of a river.
a) Draw lines to match the labels Y and Z to the correct river feature.
FloodplainY
LeveeZ
Estuary [2]
b) Where in a river basin would you expect to find the features in Figure 2?
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c) Explain how the landform labelled Y in Figure 2 is formed.
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[3][Total 6 marks]
River Landforms
3. Study Figure 3, which is an Ordnance Survey map showing part of Snowdonia, Wales.
Figure 3
a) What is the six-figure grid reference for the waterfall, marked X on Figure 3?Shade one oval only.
A 525634
B 647535
C 633525
D 635535[1]
b) There is another waterfall at point Y. State the distance between the two waterfalls.………………………………………………………………………….
[1]c) Which waterfall, X or Y, is located on a steeper section of the river’s course?
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d) Suggest why waterfalls have formed along this stretch of the Afon Merch.
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[2]e) Explain how a gorge may form in the upper course of the Afon Merch.
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[3]f) Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are able to show a range of types of geographical
data on separate layers. Suggest one layer that could be added to Figure 3 to help understand the formation of river landforms.
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[1][Total 9 marks]
River Landforms
4. Study Figure 4, which is a labelled photograph of a meander.
Figure 4a) Suggest a feature likely to be found at the part of
the river labelled A in Figure 4 and explain its formation.
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b) Suggest a feature likely to be found at the part of the river labelled B in Figure 4 and explain its formation.
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[3]c) Name the feature labelled C in Figure 4.
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[1]d) Explain how an ox-bow lake could form on the river shown in Figure 4.
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[6]
[Total 13 marks]
UK River Landscapes
Study Figure 1, which shows a V-shaped valley near Keswick, Cumbria.
a) Explain how the V-shaped valley shown in Figure 1 was formed.
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[3]b) Identify two features in Figure 1 which are characteristic of the upper course of a river basin.
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[2]c) Case study – river landscape in the UK.
Explain how geology and climate have influenced geomorphic processes in one UK river basin.
[8+3 SPaG][Total 16 marks]
2. Study Figure 2, a photo of an embankment along the River Lune, Lancaster.Figure 2
a) Suggest one reason for
building embankments along the river in Figure 2.
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b) Explain how the embankment could influence geomorphic processes along the River Lune.
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[3]c) For a named river basin in the UK, assess whether the negative impacts of human activity on
the landscape are greater than the positive impacts.
[8+3 SPaG][Total 15 marks]
