English

English 9Credit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9

English 9 stresses the mechanics of formal writing through assignments of various types of writing. Grammar skills are reinforced, focusing on mechanics and parts of speech. Emphasis is placed on reading for comprehension. The approach to literary instruction is through genre studies, including not only classical selections but also contemporary ones. Vocabulary skills are improved through use of a workbook.

English 10Credit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10Prerequisite: English 9

A major part of this class is devoted to career exploration with concentration on specific skills necessary for obtaining and maintaining employment. Reading, writing, and speaking skills are emphasized. Modern literature, including drama, and the novel are part of the curriculum.

English 10ACredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10Prerequisite: English 9, staff recommendation

Language arts and vocabulary study, as well as written and oral reports are assigned throughout the year and are interspersed with thematic units involving literature. During their study of literature, students also experience group and independent work, through which they develop reading, writing, and listening skills.

CompositionCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10Prerequisite: English 9

This class focuses on the writing process. It emphasizes the steps required to become an effective writer: prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, and proofreading. Students will write paragraphs and essays dealing with non-fiction areas: description, exposition, narration, and persuasion. Informal writing opportunities will also be provided. Understanding of mechanics and usage will be highlighted.

Advanced CompositionCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11, 12Prerequisite: English 10A recommended, staff recommendation

This class attempts to meet the needs of the student who plans to go to college. The class stresses grammar, sentence structure, selection of topics, and organization of materials and ideas. The students gain experience using the library and its various reference materials in order to prepare not only essays but also literary papers. A variety of writing experiences is provided as preparation for SAT’s, ACT’s, the AP exam and future college writing. Most of the writing is done in class.

English 11Credit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11Prerequisite: English 10, Composition recommended

English 11 emphasizes the study of American literature through readings in the text. English 11 also emphasizes the refinement of

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composition skills: organization outlining and mechanics. The course stresses those writing skills needed in everyday living. Oral skills are developed through class and group discussions, individual and oral reports. In addition, students are encouraged to read as much as possible. Students also study vocabulary by means of a separate workbook.

English 11ACollege Preparatory EnglishCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11Prerequisite: English 10A or staff recommendationAdvanced Comp recommended, may be concurrent

English 11A focuses on the study of American literature with parallel reading augmenting the textbook. Students refine their skills in writing themes, outlines, and compositions with emphasis placed on the more technical aspects of grammar and punctuation as well as persuasion. Students write a formal research paper. They also study vocabulary by means of a separate workbook.

English 11AAAn Honors English classCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11 (in lieu of English Grade 11) Prerequisite: English 10A or staff recommendationAdvanced Comp recommended, may be concurrent

English 11AA is a survey of American literature which stresses the correlation between history and the literature of each year. In preparation for AP English, writing skills and literary analysis are emphasized. The content of the

course consists of the textbook plus novels, writing assignments, vocabulary study, grammar units, and research papers.

English 12Credit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 12Prerequisite: English 11

English 12 emphasizes reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills and the practical application of these skills in the everyday situations the students encounter. Standard usage and vocabulary improvement are stressed. The course also attempts to foster the students' appreciation of literature as an art form and to encourage students to do creative writing.

English 12ACollege PreparatoryCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 12Prerequisite: English 11A or staff recommendationAdvanced Comp recommended

English 12A stresses refinement of reading skills in selections read and discussed in class. Critical thinking is encouraged through participation in class discussion and literary analysis. Independent study attempts to prepare students for standardized tests and composition. Writing skills are emphasized through review of grammar, writing compositions, writing a research paper, and taking essay tests. Speaking skills and critical listening skills are stressed as students prepare speeches, oral reports, and readings to present in class.

English 12APCredit: 1 Unit (college credit may be given)

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Offered Grade: 12Prerequisite: English 11AA, staff recommendation Advanced Comp recommended

AP English stresses both effective writing and critical reading. Students will analyze a variety of texts-both prose and poetry-and will use parallel-reading materials extensively. As readers, students will learn to recognize the language patterns that authors have created and to describe their responses to these patterns. In their writing, students will address topics and share ideas, learn to gather information, to develop a discourse, to organize details, and, based on their specific audience, to control the language in which the entire scope is realized. To be prepared for the AP Exam, students should take Advanced Composition prior to AP English.

English 9B, 10B, 11B, 12BCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Staff recommendation

English 9B, 10B, 11B and 12B are designed to remediate and foster improvement in all areas of communication including reading, writing, oral communication, and thinking skills. Student placement is based on a combination of test scores, previous grades, and teacher recommendation.

Journalism ICredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: None

Journalism I is an introductory course in mass communications, concentrating on newspaper production. Students produce the

school newsletter, learn interviewing techniques, and study basic news and feature writing, layout, makeup and design, advertising, proofreading and headlining. Students also produce television broadcasts that are presented within the school. Students also learn desktop publishing using the computer lab. In addition, the class studies journalism history, First Amendment rights and high school journalism case law.

Photojournalism I and IICredit: 1 Unit per courseOffered Grade: 11, 12

Photojournalism is a course designed to teach the student news writing, layout, and design skills and the application of these skills to the computerized production of the Buffalo Gap yearbook, The Golden Bison. Students also learn editing skills, basic typography, and the principles of advertising.

Theatre ArtsCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Interest in Drama, willingness to participate on stage

Students will learn the fundamentals of stage performance through mime, monologues, dialogues, staging, and performances. Students are expected to participate in a variety of plays for the elementary schools and the spring musical. Students are also expected to create and produce one-act plays. This class is graded heavily in performance and participation and requires participation beyond the classroom.

Creative WritingCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Staff recommendation

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Creative Writing is a course designed to help develop and enhance writing skills on both creative and technical levels. This means that individuals will be allowed to work at their own pace and on their own projects. We will focus on various literary genres including the short story, poetry, and non-fiction essays. The students will create a portfolio which will highlight their writing achievements and serve as their final exam.

Leadership CommunicationsCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: None

Leadership Communications is designed to introduce and provide experience with written, oral, and visual communication as they are used for technical and professional purposes. Through individual and collaborative projects, you will gain practice in researching, designing, and evaluating appropriate communications for varying rhetorical situations. Using both print- and computer-based technologies, you will develop abilities to create and critically analyze documents so that they engage and inform readers and listeners in a variety of circumstances.

Foreign Language

Latin ICredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12

Latin I is an introductory course devoted to the study of grammar, vocabulary, and syntax of the language, with an emphasis on comparison with and derivation of English forms. There is regular

reading in Latin, and attention is given to cultural and historical aspects of Roman life and literature, both in the reading selections and as separate units of study.

Latin IICredit: 1 UnitOffer Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Latin I

Latin II continues the study of grammar, and the readings concentrate on historical and legendary aspects of Roman literature. The main goal is to prepare students for the reading of Latin authors knowing that a thorough understanding of text comes only after a student has a complete knowledge of the language itself.

Latin IIICredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Latin II

This course will begin with an intensive review of all grammatical forms. The semester will focus upon Cicero's orations against Catiline and Julius Caesar’s The Gallic War. Historical and political context of the readings will be examined in depth.

Latin IVCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Latin III

After reviewing all grammatical forms, a survey of Augustan Age literature will be presented. The majority of assignments will be given from Virgil's Aeneid. Selections from Catullus, Horace, Ovid, and others will be read as time permits. Meter

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and scansion of Latin poetry will be examined.

Latin VCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Latin IV

Latin V is for advanced students and those who truly love to translate the great writers of Roman literature. There are two selections in Latin V; Ovid’s ‘Love and Transformation’and Catullus’ ‘Love and Betrayal’. Not only do the students translate, but also they learn of the life and times of each author, meter, and literacy devices.

Spanish ICredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12

Students are exposed to the different sounds of the Spanish language. They will be taught to listen to and hear the differences by hearing a native speaker, either in person or by tape recordings. Students are taught everyday vocabulary and grammar as well as cultural differences. By using assigned skits, readings, and speeches, students will be encouraged to speak Spanish in class and out of class.

Spanish IICredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Spanish I

Students will be taught more extensive personal and everyday vocabularies, review grammar, and do much more speaking in class. Supplemental material will include some short stories, poetry readings, and speeches. Depending on their abilities, some Spanish II students

will be allowed to and encouraged to tutor Spanish I students. Students may be required to keep a weekly journal.

Spanish IIICredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Spanish II

The course will deal with spontaneous conversation in Spanish. The aim is to increase the students' speaking abilities and comprehension skills. The student will be given the opportunity to listen to much native speaking and to be able to make inferences about the subject matter and will develop intelligent guessing skills based on content. Students will do much vocabulary work in an effort to improve their listening, writing, and reading skills. Through extra credit projects, the students will be given the opportunity to learn more about lifestyles and culture of Hispanic countries. Attention will be given to current political, social and artistic fields. Students will be assigned speeches, both on given topics and topics of their choice. They will also be given group-writing projects. Students will be required to keep a weekly journal on teacher generated topics and free topics. Students will be required to do a telephone quiz in which the teacher calls the student at home and has a phone conversation.

Spanish IVCredit: 1 Unit

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Offered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Spanish III

Spanish IV will begin with an extensive review of the grammar and vocabulary from the three previous years. The class will go into literature, poetry, and writing much more extensively than Spanish I, II, or III, and will be required to read, interpret and discuss Hispanic material in length and in detail. The students will be encouraged to explore Spanish movies, music, and culture outside the class. Field trips to international Hispanic events will be incorporated in the class. Students will be assigned speeches dealing with given topics and topics of their choice. Speeches will be videotaped. Students will also be given group writing projects, some of which may be videotaped and/or presented to other classes as stage productions. Students will be required to keep a weekly journal that will be more extensive than what they did in Spanish III. Much more emphasis will be placed on impromptu speaking assignments with minimal preparation time. Students will also have to take a quiz, via a conversation with the teacher, by phone. Students will be asked to teach some units for lower level classes.

Spanish VCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Spanish IV and Teacher Recommendation

In the fifth year of Spanish students will be required to do more speaking; both in prepared and spontaneous formats. Students will be expected to do more reading, usually from an AP Spanish reading list. Both prose and poetry will be included, along with

Hispanic newspapers and magazines. Students will also be exposed to more Hispanic music and television shows. There will be an increased emphasis on grammar and usage. Students will also be required to do more writing, both in creative and analytical styles. Much more work will be done on an independent basis, with the student reporting regularly to the teacher to have work checked and to be given additional work. Students will be encouraged to tutor lower level Spanish students, and also to participate, whenever possible, in a program that teaches Spanish to the gifted and talented students of Churchville Elementary School. Students may also be asked to keep a portfolio of their work or projects that may be assigned during the year. Students will be asked to develop Spanish lessons for the general public to be shown on the video announcements.

French ICredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12The student is introduced to the basics of the language and to some facts about France and the French people. Pronunciation is learned and practiced in the form of dialogues and daily work. Digital audio and visuals are used for additional aural/written comprehension. Communication by writing and reading is also begun, with the greatest emphasis on speaking. Independent projects may be required.

French IICredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: French I

The second year of French is an extension of French I. There is even

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more emphasis on basic conversational skills as well as increased attention to reading and writing. Out of class projects may be required.

French IIICredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: French II

The third year of French begins with a good review and students are expected to have a fairly strong grasp of the language skills taught in French I and II. Study of the language itself continues along with emphasis on culture as well. The class works in groups on independent projects. The teacher speaks increasingly more in French and students are expected to do the same. Outside projects may be required.

French IVCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11 ,12Prerequisite: French III

French IV is a more comprehensive course where all skills of French I-III are applied in depth with major emphasis placed on conversation, literature, culture, history and writing. Students continue to speak more extensively in French. Out of class independent projects may be required.

French VCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11 ,12Prerequisite: French IV

French V has a focus on

conversational French with more in depth spoken French and a look at French literature and culture. Instruction and class conversation is almost entirely in French.

Social Studies

World GeographyCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9Prerequisite: None

The focus of this course is the study of the world's people, places, cultures, economies, and environments with historical emphasis on Asia, Latin America, Russia, Pacific Islands, Australia, Africa, North America, Europe and the Middle East. The knowledge, skills, and perspective of the course are centered on the world's population and cultural characteristics, its countries and regions, land forms and climates, natural resources and natural hazards, economic and political systems, and migration and settlement patterns. Political concepts of geography will be linked to chronological concepts of history to set a framework for studying human interactions. The course will emphasize how people in various cultures influence and are influenced by their physical geographic, inquiry/research, and technology skills. Students will consider the relationships between people and places while asking and answering geographic questions.

World History to 1500 A.D.Credit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: None

The focus of this course is the study

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of the roots of the world’s great civilizations beginning from prehistoric times until the Middle Ages at 1000 A. D. A strong emphasis is made on the role of geographic and cultural influences on history. Emphasis is also placed on the use of historical research tools including: interpreting artifacts, archeological digs, using primary and secondary sources, distinguishing between facts and legends, and analyzing documents and data.

World History 1500 to presentCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: None

This course covers history and geography from the late Middle Ages (1000 A.D.) to the present with emphasis on Western Europe. Geographic influences on history continue to be explored but increasing attention is given to political boundaries that developed with the evolution of nation-states. Significant attention will be given to the ways in which scientific and technological revolutions created new economic conditions that in turn produced social and political changes. The people and events of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries will be emphasized for their strong connections of contemporary issues. The standards strike a balance between the broad themes of history and the probing of specific historic events, ideas, issues, persons, and documents. Using texts, maps, pictures, stories, diagrams, charts, and a variety of chronological, inquiry/research, and technological skills, students develop competence in chronological, thinking, historical comprehension, and historical analysis. This is an

SOL tested course.

Virginia and United States HistoryCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11Prerequisite: None

The standards for eleventh-grade students cover the historical development of American ideas and institutions from Age of Exploration to the present. While focusing on political and economic cultural history, the standards provide students with a basic knowledge of American culture through a chronological survey of major issues, movements, people and events in United States and Virginia history and focus of American history in a global context.

Advanced Placement Virginia and United States HistoryCredit: 1 Unit (college credit may be earned)Offered Grade: 11 (in lieu of VA/US History)Prerequisite: Staff recommendation

Advanced Placement United States Government and Politics is a study of the American Political System and the making/implementation of Public Policy through this process. This class is similar to Virginia and United States Government but stresses more independent study and research. Higher levels of reading, critical thinking, discussion, and writing essays are important parts of this course as well. Our content will

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focus on six major topics of study. They are as follows:

I. Constitutional Underpinnings of the United States Government;

II. Political Beliefs and Behaviors;

III. Political Parties, Interests Groups, and Mass Media;

IV. Institutions of National Government: The Congress, the Presidency, the Bureaucracy, and the Federal Courts;

V. Public Policy; &VI. Civil Liberties and Civil

Rights Ultimately, this class is designed to prepare students for success on the AP exam offered in May along with forming the time management skills needed in college.

Virginia and United States GovernmentCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 12Prerequisite: None

The standards for the study of United States and Virginia government will ensure the graduates of Virginia’s public schools an understanding of the origins and workings of the American and Virginia political systems. The standards require that students have knowledge of the United States and Virginia Constitutions; the structure and operation of United States and Virginia governments; the process of policy-making, with emphasis on economics, foreign affairs, and civil rights issues; and the impact of the general public, political parties, interest groups, and the media on

policy decisions. United States political and economic systems are compared to those of other nations, with emphasis on the relationships between economic and political freedoms. Economic content covers the United States market system, supply, and demand, and role of the government in the economy. Advanced Placement Virginia and United StatesGovernmentCredit: 1 Unit (college credit may be earned)Offered Grade: 12 (in lieu of VA/US Government)Prerequisite: Staff recommendation

Advanced Placement American Government is designed to study the nature of the American political system, its development over the past two hundred years, and how it works today. Particular emphasis will be placed on understanding political institutions and processes and the formation and implementation of public policy. Following a seminar approach, the course will encourage interaction between student and teacher as well as supplemental reading, critical thinking skills, and continued development of research and communication skills. This course is designed to prepare students for success on the AP exam offered in May.

Psychology/SociologyCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11, 12Prerequisite: None

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Psychology is an elective course designed for students who desire to know more about themselves and why they behave and interact with others as they do. This course also covers basic information about the various areas of psychology which may afford career opportunities.Sociology is an elective course dealing with the understanding of human relationships and the basic characteristics of a culture. The course will take a topical approach to cover contemporary social concerns such as crime and punishment, politics and religion, substance abuse, family relationships, etc. Instructional methods will include outside reading, library research, class discussion, field trips and guest speakers.

Economics and Personal FinanceCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: None

Instruction in economics and personal finance prepares students to function effectively as consumers, savers, investors, entrepreneurs, and active citizens. Students learn how economies and markets operate and how the United States’ economy is interconnected with the global economy. On a personal level, students learn that their own human capital (knowledge and skills) is their most valuable resource.  Instruction in Economics and Personal Finance also helps students develop thinking skills that include analyzing real-world situations, economic reasoning, decision making, and problem solving.

Mathematics

Algebra ICredit: 1 Unit

Offered: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: None

Algebra is the study of different sets of numbers and their properties. The student will solve linear equations and inequalities with graphs and applications. Students will study relations, functions and their graphs, and polynomials. Students will evaluate algebraic and rational expressions and investigate statistics. They will perform operations on and factor polynomials and solve quadratic equations and systems of equations. Use of the graphing calculator will be incorporated when appropriate.

Algebra, Functions, and Data Analysis Credit: 1 UnitOffered: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Algebra I

Algebra, Functions, and Data Analysis focuses on the use of mathematical modeling and data analysis to solve real world problems. Students will study functions, probability, experimental design, and data analysis and explore many advanced algebra topics. Data will be generated by practical applications in the areas of science, business, and finance. The curriculum is aligned to the Virginia Standards of Learning for Algebra, Functions and Data Analysis.

GeometryGeometry is the study of points, lines, and planes and their relationship to each other. Concepts of both space and solid geometry are integrated with plane geometry throughout the course. Powers of inductive and deductive reasoning are strengthened as rules of logic and formal proofs are introduced.

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This course also provides an introduction and the basic skills needed in related fields such as mechanical drawing and trigonometry.

Geometry (Semester)Credit: 1 UnitOffered Grades: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Algebra I or Algebra I Part II with Staff Recommendation

This course is designed for advanced students who are capable of a more rigorous course at an accelerated pace. This course provides the foundation for students to pursue a sequence of advanced mathematical studies.

Geometry Part I and IICredit: 1 Unit and 1 Elective CreditOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Algebra I or Algebra I Part II

This course is designed for students who need a two part sequence to cover the topics of geometry. The slower pace of this class will allow additional time for review of algebra skills as they are applied in a geometry class and more in-class activities to improve the students understanding of the geometrical concepts.

Algebra II/TrigonometryThis course reviews and extends the topics and concepts from Algebra I. Students enrolled in Algebra II should have mastered those concepts outlined in the Algebra I standards. A thorough treatment of advanced Algebra concepts is covered including functions, polynomials,

rational expressions, complex numbers, and sequences and series. A thorough study of trigonometry is provided to include trigonometric definitions, applications, graphing and identities. Use of the graphing calculator is incorporated when appropriate.

Algebra II/Trigonometry (Semester)Credit: 1 UnitOffered Grades: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Algebra I, Geometry, and Staff Recommendation

This course is designed for advanced students who are capable of a more rigorous course at an accelerated pace. This course provides the foundation for students to pursue a sequence of advanced mathematical studies.

Algebra II/Trigonometry Pt. I and Pt. IICredit: 1 Unit and 1 Elective CreditOffered Grades: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Algebra I, Geometry and Staff Recommendation

This course is designed for students who need a two part sequence to cover the topics and content in Algebra II/Trigonometry. Emphasis is to be placed on practical applications and the use of technology to enhance understanding of topics.

PrecalculusCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grades: 11, 12Prerequisite: Algebra II/Trigonometry, staff recommendation

Precalculus is a class designed to prepare students for Calculus AB and

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Advanced Placement Calculus.  Basic course content includes the study of polynomials, conic sections, triangular and circular trigonometry, exponential and logarithmic functions, and limits.  

CalculusCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grades: 11, 12Prerequisite: Pre-Calculus

Calculus is the mathematics of change and motion. It is a prerequisite for further study in nearly all branches of higher mathematics at the college level. A review of analytic geometry, trigonometry, and limit theory precede work on differential and integral calculus.

Advanced Placement CalculusCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grades: 11, 12Prerequisite: Calculus

This course covers fully the topics required by the committee of the Advanced Placement Program of the College Board for the Calculus A. P. examination.

Discrete MathCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11, 12Corequisite: Algebra II

This course is an introduction to the basic concepts in sets, logic, statistics and probability. It is designed to meet the needs of students preparing for college courses in liberal arts. Students will explore the importance of statistics and probability as they learn to collect, display, process and interpret data. This class will review and prepare students for test taking strategies with emphasis on the SAT.

Science

Earth ScienceCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9Prerequisite: None

Earth Science is the study of the earth and space. It covers five basic areas: geology, earth's surface, astronomy, meteorology, and oceanography. Basic concepts to the understanding of the makeup of the earth, the processes that occur on the earth, and its place in the universe are stressed. Laboratory activities, demonstrations, and written activities are used to introduce or reinforce these concepts. A main objective of the course is to relate the processes that are shaping the earth to the student's daily life.

BiologyCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: None

Biology is a survey course with emphasis on the basics of biology. Topics include ecology, evolution, genetics, cell structure and classifications. A brief overview of the kingdoms is also included. A large part of the class time will be spent in laboratory work.

Biology II Advanced Survey of Biology TopicsCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 12Prerequisite: Biology I Recommended Prerequisite: Chemistry

Biology II extends and explores in

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greater depth the concepts, processes, and principles of human anatomy. Emphasis is placed on anatomy and physiology. This course is geared for those interested in a health care field.

ChemistryCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11, 12Recommended Co-requisite: Algebra II/Trig

Chemistry is a college preparatory course emphasizing chemical principles through laboratory investigations, problem solving, and basic terminology. Understanding and applying principles to solve problems is stressed and a sound background in basic algebra is required.

PhysicsCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 12Prerequisite: Algebra II/Trig

Physics is a college preparatory course covering Newtonian mechanics, waves, sound, light, electricity and magnetism, quantum mechanics and relativity, and nuclear and particle physics. Problem solving principles are emphasized and exemplified through laboratory investigations.

Integrated Physics Credit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11, 12Prerequisite: Successful completion of Algebra I

This course incorporates applied physics and mathematics to teach information about the principles of modern technical systems. The following principles are included:

force, work, rate, resistance, energy, power, force transformers, momentum, waves, energy converters, transducers, radiation, optical systems, and time constraints. The course is designed to better prepare students for starting positions in the technical work place, technical schools, apprenticeships, and/or further education. All physics SOL are covered.

Ecology-Biology IICredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11, 12Prerequisite: Earth Science, Biology I

Ecology is a course intended to fulfill the third science credit for non-college bound students. The course studies the relationships between man and the environment and helps students make more informed choices about how man affects his environment. The course emphasizes laboratory fieldwork (working outside) and examines practical problems associated with daily living.

Health and Physical Education

Health and Physical Education 9Credit: 1 Unit (required to graduate)Offered Grade: 9Prerequisite: NoneHealth 9 is divided into five instructional units. Emphasis is placed on modern health problems, substance abuse, first aid and safety, CPR, and family life. A continuation of the team sports with an emphasis on team strategies is offered at the ninth grade level. These team sports include soccer, basketball, volleyball, field hockey, softball, and physical

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fitness. In addition an emphasis on lifetime sports like aerobics and jogging will be introduced.

Health/Driver Education/Physical Education 10Credit: 1 Unit (required to graduate)Offered Grade: 10Prerequisite: Physical Ed 9

Health 10 is divided into four instructional units: Driver Education is taught for the required thirty-six hours for classroom instruction, (tenth graders will only be given behind-the-wheel instruction during PE class time, not during academic class time), mental and emotional health, personal health, and wellness and family life. On this level, more concentration is placed on the recreational and lifetime sports such as tennis, badminton, table tennis, weight lifting, volleyball, aerobics, physical fitness, etc.

Advanced Physical Education I & IIPhysical Education Grade 11& Grade 12Credit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11, 12Prerequisite: None

This course is designed to be a specialized extension of the basic Physical Education program. A more concentrated emphasis will be placed on the importance of developing and maintaining a healthy, physically fit body for lifetime application. The Physical Education curriculum will be centered on a weight training and conditioning program. The following topics will be covered in weight training: general maintenance programs, circuit training, bulk and strength programs and body building programs. Included in the conditioning programs are: aerobics,

endurance running, flexibility, body fat testing, physical testing and evaluating and plyometrics. The health curriculum will be centered on nutritional and diet information, substance abuse, and muscular physiology. Emphasis will be on planning a properly balanced diet, low cholesterol and low-fat diet, interpreting nutritional and ingredient labeling, drug abuse, tobacco abuse and use of steroids.

Athletic Training, Level ICredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: None

This course focuses on providing an introduction to athletic training. Students will study Sports Safety Training (first aid & CPR), personal health, fitness, and will learn how to prevent athletic injuries through physical conditioning and nutrition. Students will be taught how to perform various athletic taping and wrapping techniques. A strong emphasis is placed on basic human anatomy and skeletal anatomy, as well as how to recognize and care for various athletic injuries. An introduction of rehabilitation and therapeutic modalities will be included. This course is designed for students who have a special interest in athletics, and/or who may be interested in pursuing a career in coaching, sports medicine, physical therapy, and/or health related fields.

Athletic Training, Level IICredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10,11,12Prerequisite: None

Responding to Emergencies is an introductory class in emergency medicine and is well suited for students interested in careers in the

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Fire, Health Care or Rescue Services as well as those with an interest in health related careers such as athletic training, nursing, and medicine. Additional topics related to sports medicine and athletic injury management will also be covered in this course.

BUSINESS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Computer ApplicationsCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: NoneStudents develop or review correct keyboarding techniques and gain a basic knowledge of word processing, spreadsheet, database, graphics, and telecommunications applications. Students demonstrate an understanding of computer concepts through application of knowledge. Students learn to use software packages and local and worldwide network communications systems. Grade 8 Computer/Technology Standards of Learning are incorporated and reinforced in this course.

Computer Information SystemsCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Computer Applications

Students apply problem-solving skills to real-life situations through word processing, spreadsheets, databases, multimedia presentations, and integrated software activities. Students work individually and in groups to explore computer concepts, operating systems, networks, telecommunications, and emerging technologies. The

cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year. This course is also available as a dual enrollment course through Blue Ridge Community College.

Economics and Personal FinanceCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Computer Applications

Students learn how to navigate the financial decisions they must face and to make informed decisions related to career exploration, budgeting, banking, credit, insurance, spending, taxes, saving, investing, buying/leasing a vehicle, living independently, and inheritance. Development of financial literacy skills and an understanding of economic principles will provide the basis for responsible citizenship and career success. In addition to developing personal finance skills, students in the 36-week course will also study basic occupational skills and concepts in preparation for entry-level employment in the field of finance. The course incorporates all economics and financial literacy objectives included in the Code of Virginia §22.1-200-03B. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.

AccountingCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Applications recommended, but not required

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Students study the basic principles, concepts, and practices of the accounting cycle for a service business and a merchandising business. Topics covered include analyzing transactions, journalizing and posting entries, preparing payroll records and financial statements, and managing cash systems. Ethics and professional conduct are emphasized. Students learn fundamental accounting procedures using both manual and electronic systems. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.

Design, Multimedia, and Web TechnologiesCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11, 12Prerequisites: Computer Applications –required, Computer Information Systems-recommended

Students develop proficiency in creating desktop publications, multimedia presentations/projects, and Web sites using industry standard application software. Students incorporate principles of layout and design in completing publications and projects. Students design portfolios that may include business cards, newsletters, mini-pages, Web pages, multimedia presentations/projects, calendars, and graphics. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.

Family and Consumer Sciences

Individual DevelopmentCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9Prerequisite: None

Individual Development emphasizes everyday life skills for both males and females in the ninth grade. Hands on activities include selection of clothing with a few construction activities and basic money management concepts. Also, a large portion of time is spent on food preparation. Students enrolled focus on encouraging positive views of self and others; forming healthy, caring relationships with family members and peers; managing conflict; and basic health and wellness.

Life PlanningCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: None

Students enrolled in Life Planning focus on life management skills that are important for life for all males and females. Content emphasized includes caring for self and others to ensure wellness; choosing an apartment, or home; developing nutritional cooking skills, building and maintaining constructive relationships; building and maintaining strong, functional families; developing strategies for lifelong career planning; and coordinating personal and career responsibilities. This class is geared to assist students in learning to solve problems they may encounter throughout life. A portion of the class is geared toward cooking labs and preparing nutritious and well balanced meals.

Family Relations

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Credit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: None

Students enrolled in Family Relations discuss forces that shape personality, self concept, and character. They focus on analyzing the significance of the family, how the family has changed, and family roles and functions. Students identify what love means, look at the different types of love, love vs. infatuation, developing relationships, choosing a mate and skills needed to maintain a strong marriage. They look at dating patterns and forces and factors affecting mate selection and what’s involved in planning a wedding. Students will put their dream wedding plans in a notebook and construct a ring pillow they can use for their wedding.

Child Development/ParentingCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: None

Child Development focuses on an in-depth study of a child’s physical, social, emotional, and mental growth. Specific areas of concentration include preparing for a healthy emotional and physical beginning for parent and child; building positive parent-child relationships; using positive guidance and discipline to promote self-discipline, self respect, and socially responsible behavior. Students visit a local day care to observe and interact with children. They also construct a baby blanket and participate in the infant simulation called “Baby, Think It Over”.

Nutrition and WellnessCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11, 12

Prerequisite: None

Students enrolled in Nutrition and Wellness focus on preparing and serving nutritious foods, meals and snacks; selecting and using equipment for food preparation; analyzing relationships between psychological and social needs and food choices; choosing foods that promote wellness; obtaining and storing food for self and family; and identifying foods representative of different localities. Many hands on food preparation experiences are included in this class.

Independent LivingCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11, 12Prerequisite: None

Students enrolled in Independent Living will develop skills to be better equipped to live on their own. They will focus on making decisions related to clothing and housing; making major purchases throughout life, managing resources to achieve individual goals; making wise consumer choices; and creating and maintaining a living environment that supports their needs. Students will also explore successful strategies for living independently by focusing on careers, financial literacy, leadership and relationships.

Art

The visual arts classes focus on how students relate to their surroundings, and how art history and other cultures influence their ideas and techniques. Looking at things

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differently and realizing there are many solutions foster creative imagination. Ways to become more skilled at realistic interpretation are also explored. Students work in many different media in class and are regularly required to enter drawings in a sketchbook outside of class.

Foundation Art ICredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: None

In this foundation course, students are given the opportunity to explore the elements of art, which are line, shape, color, form, value, space, and texture. In addition, the student creates work involving the principles of design, which are emphasis, movement, contrast, balance, unity, rhythm, and pattern. There is a strong emphasis on drawing and painting. Printmaking, collage, and pottery are also covered. Art appreciation is included in this course. There are weekly sketchbook (homework) assignments in which students are expected to spend at least thirty minutes on each drawing.

Ceramics I Credit: 1 UnitOffered Grades: 11, 12Prerequisite: Students who have completed Art 1 are given priority

This class is designed for the serious ceramics student who would like the opportunity to explore the various techniques of working with clay. During the first half of the semester, the fundamentals of wheel-throwing and hand-building techniques are taught. In the second half of the

semester, more challenging hand-built and wheel-thrown assignments are completed. Some ceramics history will also be included.

Advanced CeramicsCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grades: 11, 12Prerequisite: Ceramics, teacher recommendation

Serious ceramics students will work toward a professional skill level. Students will continue to build their skills in both wheel-throwing and hand-building. Projects in this course are more challenging and give more room for creativity than those in Ceramics I. Students are expected to have good work ethic and high levels of motivation.

Art IICredit: 1 UnitOffered Grades: 10, 11, 12Prerequisites: Art I

Students explore a variety of media such as drawing, painting, clay, silk-painting, printmaking, and sculpture. Art appreciation is incorporated into the class. There are weekly homework sketchbook assignments in which students are asked to spend at least 45 minutes on each assignment.

Art IIICredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Art II

Art III is for the serious art student who will be preparing a portfolio for college. Students use more sophisticated materials and techniques in drawing, painting, and mixed media. Art history and appreciation are included in this class. There are weekly sketchbook

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assignments in which the student is expected to spend at least one hour on each assignment.

Art IVCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11, 12Prerequisite: Art III, teacher recommendation

Only the very serious art student should consider this course. Students in Art 4 will complete the Breadth section of the AP Portfolio in preparation for the AP Art course and exam. In this class, the student will be required to create works that demonstrate mastery of drawing in concept, composition, and execution and assemble 12 pieces that demonstrate a Breadth of high-quality work. Students should realize that it will be impossible to complete all artwork necessary for the portfolio completely within class time. Students are expected to work at home when necessary to complete artwork. Students will also have sketchbook assignments on which one to two hours should be spent per week.

AP Studio Art: DrawingCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 12Prerequisite: Art IV

Only the very serious art student should consider this course. Students in AP Studio Art: Drawing will complete the requirements for the AP Studio Art: Drawing portfolio, which includes 24 pieces of art. For this portfolio, drawing is defined as any two-dimensional medium including pencil, paint, pen and ink, printmaking, collage, mixed media, etc. The AP Studio Art: Drawing student will

-Create works that demonstrate mastery of drawing in concept, composition, and execution and assemble 12 pieces that demonstrate a Breadth of high-quality work.

-Investigate a strong underlying visual idea in drawing and develop a personal Concentration which will consist of at least 12 pieces.

-Create works that demonstrate a variety of concepts and approaches in drawing and select 5 top Quality pieces for their portfolio.

In May, the student will submit his/her portfolio to the College Board. Most work is submitted digitally. The Quality section, however, involves sending the student’s five best actual pieces to the College Board. The student will receive a score between 1 and 5 on his/her portfolio as decided by the College Board.

AP Studio Art: 2-D DesignCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 12Prerequisite: Art IV

Only the very serious art student should consider this course. Students in AP Studio Art: 2-D Design will complete the requirements for the AP Studio Art: 2-D Design portfolio, which includes 24 pieces of art. In the 2-D Design portfolio, the student will demonstrate their understanding of design principles as applied to a two-dimensional surface. The principles of design (unity/variety, balance, emphasis, contrast, rhythm, repetition, proportion/scale, and figure/ground relationship) can be articulated through the visual elements (line, shape, color, value, texture, space). Any 2-D process or medium may be submitted, including, but not limited to, graphic design,

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digital imaging, photography, collage, fabric design, weaving, illustration, painting, printmaking, etc.

The AP Studio Art: 2-D Design student will-Create works that demonstrate mastery in concept, composition, and execution of 2-D Design elements and principles and assemble 12 pieces that demonstrate a Breadth of high-quality work.

-Investigate a strong underlying visual idea in 2-D Design and develop a personal Concentration which will consist of at least 12 pieces.

-Create works that demonstrate a variety of concepts and approaches in drawing and select 5 top Quality pieces for their portfolio.

In May, the student will submit his/her portfolio to the College Board. Most work is submitted digitally. The Quality section, however, involves sending the student’s five best actual pieces to the College Board. The student will receive a score between 1 and 5 on his/her portfolio as decided by the College Board.

Music

Intermediate Chorus (Concert Choir)Credit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: None

Concert choir is open to all students with an interest in choral music and vocal performance. Students will develop a basic understanding of music theory and notation, vocal production, and music history. They will study a variety of choral music representing different styles and periods. Ninth grade students will

have the opportunity to audition for District V Regional Junior High Chorus. Attendance and participation in all performances is required. Students must purchase their own concert attire.

Advanced Chorus – Select Credit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Teacher Recommendation

Bison Singers is a choir selected by audition. This select performance ensemble is designed for students with previous choral experience and a basic understanding of music theory. Emphasis is placed on the development of vocal production techniques and ensemble participation. There is continued study of sight-reading and music theory. A general overview of music history is also incorporated into the course. All students will participate in the Augusta County All-County Chorus. They will also have the opportunity to audition for District Chorus, All-State Chorus, and Senior Honors Choir. Attendance and participation in all performances is required. Students must purchase their own concert attire.

Beginning BandCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: None

Learning how to play an instrument and developing basic music fundamentals is priority in this all band instrument class. Students will begin to develop instrument specific techniques in a large ensemble setting. Comprehensive musicianship is stressed through the use of elementary theory, composition, technology,

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improvisation, and group lessons on challenging repertoire. Students will also begin to describe concepts common to music and other disciplines, and will be involved in discussing various cultures, styles, composers, and historical periods. Attendance at rehearsals outside of regular class time is expected and students will perform at required concerts. Possible instruments include: Flute, Clarinet, Bassoon, Oboe, Saxophone, Horn, Trumpet, Trombone, Euphonium, Tuba, Percussion.

Advanced BandCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Prior band class enrollmentAlso available after school during Sem 1 for ½ credit

Assessing student progress and developing basic music fundamentals is priority in this all band instrument class. Students will develop instrument specific techniques in a large ensemble setting. Comprehensive musicianship is stressed through the use of elementary theory, composition, technology, improvisation, and group lessons on challenging repertoire. Students will also begin to describe concepts common to music and other disciplines, and will be involved in discussing various cultures, styles, composers, and historical periods. Attendance at concerts, rehearsals, and regular practice outside of class are expected and required.

Guitar ICredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: None

Guitar I provides an introduction to

playing chords and reading music on guitar. The student will learn the application of the music alphabet to the entire fretboard and begin to read music notation on the fretboard. The student will memorize basic chord fingerings and learn several strumming and freestroke (finger) techniques for accompanying songs. The student will learn to play several songs, learn basic skills, terminology and theoretical principles which will help them understand many of the commercially available books for learning guitar.

Guitar IICredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Teacher Recommendationor Guitar I This class will study the basics of music theory composition, songwriting, and studio recording through guitar performance. Students will participate in group guitar ensemble performances as well as individual and small group projects for writing and recording covers, solos, and original works. Students will refine notation and tabulature reading skills as well as develop ear training and transcription skills.

Percussion EnsembleCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: None

Percussion Techniques is a class that is specifically devoted to percussion students. The majority of the class focus is on performance and fundamentals; however the students will also be exposed to music history, theory, form, and analysis.

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Musical TheatreCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: None

Musical Theatre is comprised of three major areas of study: vocal production, movement and acting. In this course, the student will study several forms of musical theatre including selections from various Broadway favorites. Areas of development will include vocal technique, choreography, character building and stage presence.

Agriculture Education

Agriculture Mechanics and Basic Animal Science IICredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: None

Agriculture Mechanics and Basic Animal Science is a one-year occupational preparation course. Approximately one-half of the course is devoted to Agricultural Mechanics, with emphasis placed on skill development in arc welding, gas cutting and welding, small engines, woodworking, and wood and metal preservation. Instruction is also provided in Animal Science; areas to be covered are livestock breeds, selection, feeding and genetics. Students will participate in FFA activities.

Equine ScienceCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12

Prerequisite: Agriculture Mechanics and Basic Animal Science II

Equine Science is a semester long occupational preparation course. A student in this class would learn basic horse management and health. The students will also learn special areas such as evaluating horses for conformation, breed character, physical appearance, and marketability. They will learn handling and grooming, maintaining health, first aid, controlling parasites, foot care, nutrition, genetics and fertility, breeding procedures, foal and mare care, and managing a stable. Horse riding lessons are included.

Agriculture Production Technology IIICredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Agriculture Mechanics and Basic Animal Science II

The major emphasis in the agricultural production program is the attainment of competencies in one or more areas of plant science, animal science, soil science, agricultural business management and agriculture mechanics based upon the student's employment objective. The course includes units on conservation of our natural resources. Students are members of the FFA, hold leadership positions and participate in contests on the local, state, and national level. Students continue their Supervised Agricultural Experience programs.

Veterinary Science Credit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11, 12 Prerequisite: Ag. Mechanics/Animal Science II, Ag. Production III

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This class will target those students planning careers as a veterinary assistant, veterinary technician, veterinarian or anyone interested in working with livestock. This class will focus on medical terminology, ethics, professionalism, and basic concepts of patient care. Identification, management and preventative care of large animals, small animals and some wild animals will be studied.

Introduction to Power, Structural and Technical SystemsCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Agricultural Mechanics and Basic Animal Science

Introduction to Power, Structural and Technical Systems is a one-year occupational preparation course. The students will gain knowledge in FFA, Leadership, identifying hand tools, and shop safety. In addition they will learn the fundamentals of engines, power trains, hydraulics and electricity. While taking the course they will acquire skills in plumbing, masonry, carpentry, leveling and measuring land, welding (arc, mig and gas), reconditioning tools and understanding precision agricultural management. It is recommended that the student have Agriculture Mechanics and Basic Animal Science II before taking this class.

Agricultural Structural SystemsCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11, 12Prerequisite: Agricultural Production Technology III and Intro to Power, Structural and Technical Systems

Agricultural Structural Systems is a one-year occupational preparation course. Students will learn skills in FFA, leadership, careers, plumbing, concrete and masonry operations,

carpentry, and electricity. They will also learn how to use selected hand tools, precision measuring tools and testing equipment. The course also includes instruction in safety, welding (arc, mig and gas), small engines and farm equipment repair and maintenance. It is recommended that students take Introduction to Power, Structural and Technical Systems before taking this class.

Agricultural Workers Co-opCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11, 12Prerequisite: Agricultural Mechanics and Basic Animal Science II and Agricultural Production Technology IIICorequisite: Must be enrolled in an Ag class.

The purpose of this course is to allow students to use the information they have learned in the classroom and apply it in actual job settings. Students will have on the job training in various areas of Agriculture.

Leadership Development CourseCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: NoneOffered 2013-2014 Every other year

The leadership development course is a one-year occupational course designed to acquaint students with the skills needed to participate effectively in business and social organizations and to provide skills essential for serving as leaders in various organizations. The course will develop the student's communication, public relations, leadership, and decision-making skills. The mission of this course is to enhance the leadership, personal growth, and career success of today's students. This course is open to all

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students interested in developing their leadership and communication skills.

Horticulture Science Credit: 1 Unit (Dual Enrollment)Offered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: None

This course is designed to assist students in developing the knowledge for entry level horticulture employment opportunities and advancement in areas such as floriculture (the study of flowers), landscape design, greenhouse operation, nursery plant production, turf management and crop production. Students will receive instruction in growing plants in a greenhouse and outside plots. The greenhouse and outside plot work will be performed by the students, therefore, the students get practical training in plant production and management. Students can receive college credit for this class.

Floral Design ICredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Horticulture

Students will learn how to make floral arrangements such as center pieces, bud vases, holiday and special occasion designs. Skills such as bow making, corsage making and floral conditioning will be practiced. In the greenhouse the students will learn how to grow plants, plant seeds, proper watering practices and the proper management practices that are necessary to rear plants. The students will grow and learn how to market their projects.

Forestry ManagementCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11, 12

May be taken for 4 credits Dual Enrollment through Dabney Lancaster Comm. College

This course includes instruction in forest protection and harvesting, fish pond ecology and management, planning and operation of a hunting and fishing preserve, wildlife ecology and management, soil and water management systems, service and operation of large power equipment and leadership training.

Small Engine Repairs Credit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Ag II

Beginning with a solid foundation in lab and shop safety practices, the student moves into the basic skills and knowledge needed to repair small engines including: Repairing Alternating and Direct Current Starters, Repairing Magnets and Solid State Ignition Systems, Repairing Battery Ignition Systems, Examining Functions and Types of Fuel Systems, Repairing Valves on 4-Cycle Engines.

Technology EducationMany of the courses that are included in the Technology Education curriculum produce student made projects. These projects will require a student to pay for the materials that are incorporated in the project. This cost varies from class to class and students to student depending on the project.

Technology FoundationsCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10Prerequisite: None

Technology Foundations is designed

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as the beginning high school course in technology education. Students will gain knowledge of available resources and problem solving techniques in construction of useful experiments. Laboratory activities are developed to challenge the creative thinker and to discover new technologies. The student will have the opportunity to explore technology systems through individual and group work efforts. Topics to be integrated in this course include mechanical advantage systems, metric 500-race design, rocketry, drafting, computer laboratory applications, and other hands-on projects.

Technology TransferCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Technology Foundations

Technology Transfer builds on Technology Foundations. Students will research technology systems of production, energy, communications, and transportation. In-depth studies of such systems will improve critical thinking and problem solving skills by constructing laboratory experiments. Involvement in Technology Transfer will challenge students to use technological methods for solving practical problems and applications. Projects that will be integrated in this section include: woodworking, sheet metal working, electronics, drafting, bridge building, and aerospace engineering.

ConstructionCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11, 12Prerequisite: Technology Transfer

This course is the study of the

construction industry. Many professions in specialized fields will be studied and practiced in the shop. Hands-on activities will be heavily encouraged: including basic framing, flooring, plumbing, electricity, cabinet making, roofing, drywall hanging, and finish trimming.

Basic Technical DrawingCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: None

This course is an introduction to drawing and drafting techniques. Students learn techniques for producing multi-view, auxiliary, and sectional drawings. Students will also learn how to produce drawings using a variety of scales and systems. This course is an introduction to engineering and architectural drawing. Drawings will be produced using mechanical tools and AutoCad. Skills developed in this class will benefit students in a very large range of career opportunities. Some of these areas include engineering, architecture, drafting, machanists, landscaping, interior design, computer graphics illustrator, construction, and building trades. This course may be taken as a dual enrollment class for college credit through Blue Ridge Community College (11th, 12th grade and 10th with special permission).

Engineering DrawingCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Basic Technical Drawing or Teacher Recommendation

This is a drawing course for those who have had Basic Technical Drawing and are interested in gaining an in-depth understanding of

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drawing and design. Emphasis is placed on having a thorough understanding of AutoCad and Inventor drawing programs and their operations. Skills acquired in this class will include working drawings, parts explosions, 3-D parts drawings, revolved and extruded drawings, and layered drawings. This course may be taken as a dual enrollment class for college credit through Blue Ridge Community College (11th, 12th grade and 10th with special permission).

Architectural DrawingCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11, 12Prerequisite: Basic Technical Drawing, strong math background, or teacher recommendation

Architectural Drawing is offered to students who have taken basic technical drawing or have a strong math background with special permission from the instructor. Emphasis will be placed on design, sketching, structural systems, construction techniques, and modeling of building structures. AutoCad, Architectural Cad, and Revit will be used for drawing. This course may be taken as a dual enrollment class for college credit through Blue Ridge Community College (11th, 12th grade and 10th with special permission).

Introduction to EngineeringCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 11, 12Prerequisite: Strong background in math and science

Introduction to Engineering is a program designed to prepare students more effectively for engineering and related careers. The class enables students to experience competencies relevant to

engineering principles such as problem solving, materials processing, materials science and the enterprise system resulting in occupational development useful to the future engineer, technician, technologist, and those planning related careers. Bridge building, project research and design are also studied. CAD (Computer Aided Drafting) and word processing will also be a part of this course.

Research and DevelopmentCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 12Prerequisite: Introduction to Engineering

Research and Development emphasizes the applications and design processes of engineering. Students form engineering teams and select a group design project. Each team uses communications, graphics, mathematics, and community personnel to solve problems. Appropriate information is learned by each team in order to complete a project. Projects may be models, systems, or products that creatively solve an engineering problem.

Virtual Virginia

This unique program provides access to online Advanced Placement, world languages, and elective courses for focused, self-motivated students who work well with minimal supervision. Students may earn both high school and college credit for work completed on-line. There are deadlines for applying and additional fees for these courses. Students and parents should refer to the Virtual Virginia website at www.virtualvirginia.org for more information.

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Special Education Program Strategies for students who are: Learning Disabled, Seriously Emotionally Disturbed, Mentally Retarded, and Other Health ImpairedCredit: 1 UnitOffered Grade: 9, 10, 11, 12Prerequisite: Determined eligible for Special Education Services by the Eligibility Committee and have an active Individual Education Plan (IEP).

This course focuses on developing and utilizing compensatory strategies and skills for use in the regular classroom and other learning activities. Each student's IEP serves as the basis for strategy and skill development and can include additional classes focusing on English skills and/or functional math skills.Additional courses are offered in the Special Education program for students working towards a Special diploma: Basic Math, Pre-Algebra, English A, B, C, and Government 12M.

Education for Employment (EFE)Credit: 3 UnitsGrades: 11, 12Prerequisite: Acad./Econ. ChallengedEducation for Employment is available for students in grades 11 and 12. Students receive school-based and community-based

instruction organized around an approved job that leads toward their career goal. The teacher-coordinator, on-the-job training sponsor, parent, and students develop and individualized training plan that identifies learning experiences according to the student’s occupational objective. The on-the-job training sponsor, parent, and student develop an individualized training plan that identifies learning experiences according to the student’s occupational objective. The on-the-job paid training is an extension of the classroom instruction coordinated by the classroom teacher into a coherent set of performance objectives and skills. Three credits are awarded if the student completes 540 hours of supervised work experience and passes the classroom instruction.

Mentorship Program

Credit: 1 UnitGrade: 12Prerequisite: Application Process

This program offers highly motivated students unique opportunities to do concentrated research or project development outside of the traditional classroom. Under the leadership of a trained mentor, students can gain practical experiences and test their interest in a career field. Mentorships are available in a variety of fields including business, journalism, agriculture, electronics, education, and health care.

Central Shenandoah ValleyRegional Governor's School

The Central Shenandoah Valley Regional Governor's School serves

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students in grades 11 and 12 who are gifted or who are highly capable in science, mathematics, and technology. Regional Governor’s

School applicants are chosen through a selection process.

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Valley Vocational-Technical Center Courses

Agriculture, Business & Information, Exploratory, Health & Medical, and Trade & Industrial Course Offerings 6650 Computer Network Software Operations6730 Medical Systems Administration8034 Horticulture Science8035 Greenhouse Plant Production & Mgt8083 Small Animal Care I8250 Introduction to Culinary Arts8275 Culinary Arts I8276 Culinary Arts II8328 Dental Assistant I8329 Dental Assistant II8302 Introduction to Health and Medical Sciences8305 Pharmacy Technician I8306 Pharmacy Technician II8310 Veterinary Assistant I8311 Veterinary Assistant II8360 Nurse Aide8362 Nurse Aide8364 Home Health Aide (PWE)8333 Emergency Medical Technician-B I8334 Emergency Medical Technician-B II8357 Practical Nursing I8358 Practical Nursing II8503 HVACR I8504 HVACR II8506 Automotive Technology I8507 Automotive Technology II8512 Masonry I8513 Masonry II8527 Cosmetology I8528 Cosmetology II8533 Electricity I8534 Electricity II8539 Precision Machining I8540 Precision Machining II8549 Bricklayer8590 Building Management8601 Carpentry I8602 Carpentry II8604 Cabinetmaking I8605 Cabinetmaking II8613 Diesel Equipment Technology I8614 Diesel Equipment Technology II8622 Computer Systems Technology I 8623 Computer Systems Technology II8672 Welding I8673 Welding II8679 Auto Body Repair I8680 Auto Body Repair II8702 Criminal Justice I8703 Criminal Justice II8705 Firefighter I8725 Small Engine Technology I8726 Small Engine Technology II9062 Virginia Teachers for Tomorrow9071 Career Interpretation Phase II

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Valley Vocational-Technical Center

Course Offerings

Valley Vocational Technical Center offerings are listed on the web at

http://www.valleytech.us . Valley Technical Center courses grant three units of credit per year. Interested students must complete an application and in some cases, an interview.AgricultureHorticulture Sciences (8034)Suggested Grade Level: 11, 12Credential: Floriculture Greenhouse Assessment (NOCTI)Dual enrollment available

In this course, students develop the necessary knowledge, skills, habits, and attitudes for entry-level employment and advancement in areas such as floriculture, landscape design, greenhouse operation, nursery plant production, and turf management. They receive instruction in using soil and other plant-growing media and in identifying, propagating, and growing horticultural plants in the greenhouse and land laboratory. Instruction is provided in safety practices and leadership development.

Greenhouse Plant Production and Management (8035)Suggested Grade Level: 11, 12Prerequisites: 8034Credential: Floriculture Greenhouse Assessment (NOCTI)Students enrolled in this course learn the operating procedures for a greenhouse. Units of instruction include developing plant production facilities, science application in plant production, and identification of plants. Business management and marketing skills are emphasized to prepare students for careers in the greenhouse plant production and management industry. Leadership development is offered through participation in FFA.

Small Animal Care I (8083)Suggested Grade Levels: 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 Credential: Workplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth ExaminationStudents learn how to care for and manage small animals, focusing on instructional areas in animal health, nutrition, management, reproduction, evaluation, training, and, when applicable, showmanship. Course content also includes instruction in the tools, equipment, and facilities for small animal care, and provides activities to foster leadership development. FFA activities are included.

Veterinary Assistant I (8310) Suggested Grade Levels: 10 or 11 or 12 Students learn animal science and the care of animals, including animal structure and function, principles of health, and microbes and disease. They develop basic skills and techniques of assisting the veterinarian in the following areas: receptionist duties; animal examinations; examining room and laboratory work; the handling, caring, and feeding of animals; first aid and surgery; and maintenance of equipment and facilities. On-the-job clinical instruction may occur in veterinary offices or animal clinics and is coordinated by the Health and Medical Sciences teacher.Recommended prerequisite(s): Introduction to Health and Medical Sciences 8302

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Veterinary Assistant II (8311) Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12 Prerequisite: Veterinary Assistant I Credential: Small Animal AssessmentThe student may incorporate a cooperative work experience that combines classroom instruction with two or three hours of school-released time for on-the-job training in a health care facility such as a veterinarian’s office or clinic.

Business and Information Technology

Computer Network Software Operations (6650) Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12 (36 weeks)Credential: Workplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth ExaminationComputer Network Software Operations is designed to teach many aspects of computer support and network administration. Students learn networking concepts, from usage to components, and set up peer-to-peer network systems and client server networks. Students install and configure network cards and connect them to networks. Students learn how to install the operating systems, set up and manage accounts, load software, and set up and implement security plans. This course may include software-based network operating systems such as Novell NetWare and Microsoft Windows NT. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.Recommended prerequisite(s): Keyboarding course(s) or teacher-approved demonstration and documentation of touch keyboarding skills

Medical Systems Administration (6730) Suggested Grade Level: 11, 12Credential: Workplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth ExaminationStudents wishing to gain employment in the health care field may take this course to learn how to use medical terminology and apply administrative procedures necessary to be productive employees in a heath care environment. Students will learn how to manage office activities, enhance communication skills, identify legal and ethical issues in heath care practices, manage financial functions, and enhance employability skills. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.Recommended prerequisite(s): Keyboarding course(s) or teacher-approved demonstration and documentation of touch keyboarding skills

Career ConnectionsCareer Interpretation Phase II (9071) Suggested Grade Levels: 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 (Locally determined)Credential: Workplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth ExaminationPhase II consists of an in-depth study of one to four or more career clusters through a variety of investigative activities with local employers. Students observe, analyze, and report on the demand for workers, worker qualifications, organizational structures, quality control measures, selected policies and regulations, ethical issues, and rewards of work.

Note: Career Interpretation Phase II may be offered as a complement to an existing concentration sequence in any CTE program area. In some instances, where noted, it may be combined with specific courses to create concentration sequences

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Virginia Teachers for Tomorrow - (9062)Suggested Grade Level: 12Dual enrollment availableCredential: Workplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth Examination, NOCTIThis course introduces high school seniors to a career in teaching and education, through the Career Connections program. The primary elements of the curriculum components are the learner, the school, and the teacher and teaching. The components are intentionally broad in scope and provide a great deal of flexibility based on the career interests of a student. In addition to the fundamental curriculum components, all students are required to participate in an internship outside the Virginia Teachers for Tomorrow classroom. The internship may involve the preschool level through grade 12. Please go to the following link for additional Teacher Cadet Instructor Information.

Family and Consumer Sciences

Culinary Arts I (8275) Suggested Grade Levels: 10 or 11 Credential: Workplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth ExaminationDual Enrollment AvailableStudents practice managerial, production, and service skills used in government, commercial, or independently owned institutional food establishments and related food industry occupations. Students plan, select, store, purchase, prepare, and serve food and food products; study basic nutrition, sanitation, and food safety; the use and care of commercial equipment; and the operation of institutional food establishments. Critical thinking, practical problem solving, and entrepreneurship opportunities within the field of culinary arts are emphasized. Teachers highlight the basic skills of mathematics, science, and communication when appropriate in content. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.Recommended prerequisite(s): Introduction to Culinary Arts 8249/8250

Culinary Arts II (8276) Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12Credential: ProStart Program Certification (National Restaurant Association Educational Foundation), Culinary Arts Prep Cook 1(NOCTI), ServSafe CertificationPrerequisite:  Culinary Arts I Dual Enrollment AvailableCulinary Arts II provides students an opportunity to refine skills in serving, dining room management, and other skills learned in Culinary Arts I. Students prepare for occupations such as chef/cook, baker/pastry helper, pastry decorator, hospitality worker, dietetic aide/assistant, food demonstrator, and entrepreneur. Critical thinking, practical problem solving, and entrepreneurship opportunities within the field of culinary arts are emphasized. Teachers highlight the basic skills of mathematics, science and communication when appropriate in content. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-

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job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.

Introduction to Culinary Arts (8250) Suggested Grade Levels: 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 Credential: Workplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth ExaminationThe competencies focus on identifying and exploring the individual careers within the food service industry. Units of study include food science and technology, dietetics and nutrition services, diverse cuisines and service styles, current trends, food and beverage production and preparation, and food safety and sanitation. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.

Health and Medical Sciences

Dental Assistant I (8328) Suggested Grade Level: 11

Students are introduced to the careers in dentistry, including dentist (general and specialists), hygienist, dental assistant, dental laboratory technician, and dental receptionist. Students practice and learn about many of the skills utilized in these professions while attaining all the skills necessary to become a dental assistant. Study includes infection control and OSHA standards, anatomy and physiology, tooth morphology, oral histology, preventive dentistry, applied psychology, effective communication, office administration and management, use of dental software, operative dentistry techniques, and dental materials/laboratory skills. Recommended prerequisite(s): Keyboarding 6150/6151 and Introduction to Health and Medical Sciences 8302Dental Assistant II 8329 (co-op not available)

Dental Assistant II (8329)Suggested Grade Level: 12 Prerequisite:  Dental Assistant I Credential: Dental Assisting (NOCTI), Certified Dental Assistant: Radiation Health and Safety Examination

Units of study include medical emergencies, coronal polishing, oral pathology, dental roentgenology, nutrition, schedule IV drugs and pharmacology, and advanced laboratory techniques. While attending classes for part of the week, students also have an opportunity to participate in internships in local private dental offices and public health dental facilities, where they participate in all phases of dental care delivery. At the end of the program, students are eligible to take the State Dental Board examination, which offers certification in Radiation Hygiene and Safety and in Schedule IV Drugs, qualifying those who pass to work as a dental assistant, dental receptionist, patient educator, appointment controller, and dental office manager. After two years in the field, graduates of the program are eligible to take the national examination to become a certified Dental Assistant. Many graduates choose to continue their dental assisting education at community colleges and universities.

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Emergency Medical Technician I (8333) Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12 Students focus on the role and responsibilities of emergency rescue workers, basic medical terminology, and health care skills that include first aid; cardiopulmonary resuscitation; aseptic technique; and related anatomy, physiology, and disease knowledge. Supervised work education is provided in a hospital or with rescue squads and is managed by the HOE teacher.

Emergency Medical Technician II (8334)Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12 Credential: EMS First Responder (Virginia Department of Health, Office of EMS)Prerequisite:  Emergency Medical Technician I (8333/co-op not available/36 weeks, 280 hours) Students become skilled in identifying and dealing with emergencies such as bleeding, fractures, airway obstruction, and cardiac arrest. Instruction emphasizes proper care and use of common emergency equipment and safe methods for lifting, moving, and transporting injured persons. Supervised on-the-job training and patient-care experiences are part of the instructional program. Program completers may take the EMT state certification examination administered by the Virginia Department of Health, Office of Emergency Medical Services.

Home Health Aide (8364) Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12 Home Health Aide provides training in entry-level skills within the health care field. It provides students with the knowledge and basic skills necessary for entering advanced Health and Medical Sciences programs and/or securing entry-level employment as a home health aide in a private home or other health-care setting. Access to a clinical training facility is essential. The Home Health Aide course may be offered as a three-hour block senior intensified program or may, as a local option, be scheduled as a one-year, two-hour block at grade 11 or 12.Recommended prerequisite: Introduction to Health and Medical Sciences 8302

Introduction to Health and Medical Sciences (8302)Suggested Grade Level: 10 11 12Credential: Workplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth Examination

This course introduces the student to a variety of health care careers and develops basic skills required in all health and medical sciences. It is designed to help students understand the key elements of the U.S. health care system and to learn basic health care terminology, anatomy and physiology for each body system, pathologies, diagnostic and clinical procedures, therapeutic interventions, and the fundamentals of  traumatic and medical emergency care. Throughout the course, instruction emphasizes safety, cleanliness, asepsis, professionalism, accountability, and efficiency within the health care environment. Students also begin gaining job-seeking skills for entry into the health and medical sciences field. In addition, instruction may include the basics of medical laboratory procedures, pharmacology fundamentals, biotechnology concepts, and communication skills essential for providing quality patient care.Nurse Aide I (8360)Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12 Nurse Aide I, offered as an occupational preparation course beginning at the 11th-grade level, emphasizes the study of nursing occupations as related to the health care system.

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Students study normal growth and development, simple body structure and function, and medical terminology and are introduced to microbes and disease. They receive elementary skill training in patient-nursing assistant relationships; taking and recording of vital signs; cardiopulmonary resuscitation; and bathing, feeding, dressing, and transporting of patients in hospitals and nursing homes. Limited on-the-job instruction in nursing homes and hospitals is part of the course. This course can be used as an introduction to practical nursing or to prepare the student for Nurse Aide II so that all competencies for a certified nursing assistant are met. Recommended prerequisite(s): Introduction to Health and Medical Sciences 8302

Nurse Aide II (8362) Suggested Grade Level: 12Prerequisite:  Nurse Aide I Credential: Nurse Aide (CNA) (Virginia Board of Nursing)Nurse Aide II is an occupational preparation course, emphasizing advanced skill training in areas such as catheter care, range of motion, bowel and bladder training, care of the dying, selected procedures for maternal and infant care, and admission and discharge procedures. Students learn diseases and body systems as related to advanced clinical care of the acute medical-surgical patient, the chronically ill, and the elderly. On-the-job instruction in a licensed nursing home is part of the course. Upon completion of the nurse aide program, the student is eligible to take the nurse aide certification exam that leads to employment as a certified nurse aide in hospitals and nursing homes.Pharmacy Technician I (8305)Suggested Grade Level: 11 This certificate program is designed to provide students with the basic skills and knowledge to begin work as a pharmacy technician. The coursework will fulfill the requirements of the Board of Pharmacy and prepare students to take either the state examination or the national examination administered by the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board. Trained, experienced pharmacy technicians who can demonstrate the right skills and knowledge should be able to pursue many exciting and respected career options or postsecondary study in the pharmacy field.Recommended prerequisite(s): Introduction to Health and Medical Sciences 8302

Pharmacy Technician II (8306)

Suggested Grade Level: 12 Prerequisite: Pharmacy Technician I Credential: Virginia Pharmacy Technician (Virginia Board of Pharmacy)This certificate program is designed to provide students with the basic skills and knowledge to begin work as a pharmacy technician. The coursework will fulfill the requirements of the Board of Pharmacy and prepare students to take either the state examination or the national examination administered by the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board. Trained, experienced pharmacy technicians who can demonstrate the right skills and knowledge should be able to pursue many exciting and respected career options or postsecondary study in the pharmacy field.

*Practical Nursing I (8357)Suggested Grade Level: 12Prerequisite: Intro to Health Science and medical Sciences, Nurse Aide II or related courseCredential: Licensed Practical Nurse (Virginia Board of Nursing)

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In the first semester, students learn nursing care of patients of all ages, in various stages of sickness or wellness, and with a variety of disease conditions. They focus on human anatomy, body function, communication, community health, fundamental nursing skills, nutrition, drug therapy, and elementary medical-surgical nursing.

*Practical Nursing II (8358)Suggested Grade Level: 12Prerequisite: Practical Nursing I -- 8357Credential: Licensed Practical Nurse (Virginia Board of Nursing)In the second semester, instruction emphasizes introduction to pharmacology, normal life span (human growth and development), normal nutrition, nursing fundamentals, and nursing trends. Advanced emergency procedures and application of nursing procedures are demonstrated in a laboratory setting.*(Students will have to complete Practical Nursing III as an adult in order to be able to sit for the LPN examination).

Trade and Industrial EducationAuto Body Repair I--Collision and Repair (Non-Certified) 8679 Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12 In the global automotive repair industry, there is a growing demand for qualified auto body technicians. In this course, students are taught non-structural analysis, damage repair, and welding. Students work with a variety of materials, using metal finishing and body filling techniques to prepare surfaces and repair panels. In addition, students practice shop safety and gain career skills. 

Auto Body Repair II--Painting and Refinishing (Non-Certified) 8680 Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12 Prerequisite:  Auto Body Repair I--Collision and Repair (Non-Certified) Credential: Collision Repair Assessment (NOCTI)In the global automotive repair industry there is a growing demand for qualified auto body technicians. In this course, students are taught to repair, mask, and refinish auto body components and entire vehicles. In addition, they use spray guns and personal safety equipment while applying undercoats and topcoats, working with a variety of materials, and gaining career skills. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.

Automotive Technology I (Certified) (8506)Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12 In this first course of the three-course program sequence, students learn all aspects of repair, safety, and customer service by concentrating on four primary areas: brakes, steering and suspension, electrical/electronics, and engine performance. Students get a taste of real-world scenarios while being encouraged to enter into postsecondary education opportunities.

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Automotive Servicing II (Certified) (8507) Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12 Prerequisite:  Automotive Technology I Credential: National Automotive Student Skills Standards Assessment (NA3SA)In this second course of the three-course program sequence, students learn all aspects of repair, safety, and customer service by concentrating on four primary areas: brakes, steering and suspension, electrical/electronics, and engine performance. Students will get a taste of real-world scenarios while being encouraged to enter into postsecondary education opportunities. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.

Bricklayer (8549)Suggested Grade Levels: 10 or 11 Credential: Workplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth ExaminationStudents enrolled in this program learn the fundamental skills associated with laying block and brick. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.Note: Bricklayer may be offered as a complement to an existing concentration sequence in any CTE program area. In some instances, where noted, it may be combined with specific courses to create concentration sequences.

Cabinetmaking I (8604) Suggested Grade Levels: 10 or 11 Students learn workshop and tool safety and employability skills as they practice reading blueprints; estimating and selecting materials; cutting and shaping stock; assembling, fastening, and installing components; and finishing surfaces. The technical, problem-solving, leadership, and creative skills learned in Cabinetmaking can be applied in industries well beyond construction trades and professions and can prepare the student for lifelong learning and success.

Cabinetmaking II (8605) Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12 Prerequisite:  Cabinetmaking I Credential: Workplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth ExaminationStudents continue to learn workshop and tool safety and enhance their employability skills as they interpret blueprints; estimate and select materials; cut and shape stock; assemble, fasten, and install components; install interior finishes; apply wood veneers and plastic laminates; finish surfaces; and transport and install cabinets. The technical, problem-solving, leadership, and creative skills learned in Cabinetmaking can be applied in industries well beyond construction trades and professions and can prepare the student for lifelong learning and success. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.

Carpentry I (8601) Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12Carpentry I introduces students to skills essential to success in the profession. Students use hand and power tools to cut stock; learn to read blueprints; build and install

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foundations, trusses, doors, windows, stairs, and finishes; and frame walls, floors, ceilings, roofs, decks, and porches. All students will obtain a required OSHA 10 Safety Credential in the class.

Carpentry II (8602)Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12 Prerequisite:  Carpentry I Credential: Carpentry Assessment (NOCTI)Carpentry II completes students’ secondary training for the carpentry profession. Students study blueprints; build and install foundations, trusses, doors, windows, stairs, and finishes; and frame walls, floors, ceilings, roofs, decks, and porches. In addition, students are introduced to basic rigging, learn to estimate and select building materials, and install cabinets. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.

Computer Systems Technology I (8622) Suggested Grade Levels: 10, 11 or 12 Students enter the world of computer technology and gain practical experience in assembling a computer system, installing an operating system, troubleshooting computers and peripherals, and using system tools and diagnostic software. They develop skills in computer networking and resource sharing. In addition, students explore the relationships between internal and external computer components. Emphasis is placed on customer service skills and career exploration. Upon successful completion of the course, students may qualify to take the A+ certification exam.

Computer Systems Technology II (8623) Suggested Grade Levels: 10, 11 or 12Prerequisite:  Computer Systems Technology I Credential: A+ (CompTIA), Network +, IC3, and Computer Repair (NOCTI)

Building on the foundation of Computer Systems Technology I, this advanced course provides students with training in procedures for optimizing and troubleshooting concepts for computer systems and subsystems. Students explore wireless technologies (e.g., Bluetooth, Wi-Fi) and create and configure a network. Emphasis is placed on technical proficiency, skill-building, and workplace readiness. The course prepares students for postsecondary education and training and a successful career in information technology. Upon successful completion of the course, students may qualify to take the  A+ certification exam. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.

Cosmetology I (8527)Suggested Grade Levels: 10 or 11 In this introductory course, students study hair, skin, and nails and their related care. Students are grounded in theory as they prepare to practice procedures in a clinical lab setting or classroom, using mannequins for manipulative skill practice. The first-year course emphasizes personal safety, professionalism, and sanitation of equipment and facilities. Students develop skills in shampooing and conditioning hair as well as styling and cutting hair. They also receive an introduction to manicure and pedicure procedures.

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Cosmetology II (8528)Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12Prerequisite:  Cosmetology I Credential: Cosmetology License from Virginia Board of Barbers and Cosmetology and Cosmetology (NOCTI)In this advanced course, students build on their theoretical foundation in cosmetology and increase proficiency in hair cutting and styling on live models, with attention to professionalism, client consultation, safety, and sanitation. Students are trained in safety and chemical processes related to permanent waves, relaxing, soft-curling, lightening, and coloring hair. They also develop artistic skills with artificial hair. In addition, students learn to care for skin, hands, and feet, developing expertise in providing facials, manicures, and pedicures. A business management unit focuses on managing the salon. Competency completions prepare the student for the Virginia state-licensing exam. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.

Criminal Justice I (8702)Suggested Grade Levels: 10 or 11 Dual Enrollment AvailableStudents are introduced to the principles, techniques, and practices for pursuing careers within the criminal justice services system.

Criminal Justice II (8703)Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12Prerequisite:  Criminal Justice I Credential: Criminal Justice Assessment (NOCTI)Dual Enrollment AvailableStudents learn the principles, techniques, and practices for pursuing careers within the criminal justice services system. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.Diesel Equipment Technology I (8613)Suggested Grade Levels: 10 or 11 Students receive basic instruction in general maintenance and overhaul of diesel equipment. They learn to inspect, maintain, and repair tracks, wheels, brakes, operating controls, pneumatic and hydraulic systems, electrical circuitry, and engines. They practice welding and brazing techniques.

Diesel Equipment Technology II (8614)Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12 Prerequisite: Diesel Equipment Technology I Credential: Diesel Engine Mechanics Assessment (NOCTI)Students receive instruction in general maintenance and overhaul of diesel equipment. They learn to inspect, maintain, and repair tracks, wheels, brakes, operating controls, pneumatic and hydraulic systems, electrical circuitry, and engines. They practice welding and brazing techniques. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.

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Electricity I (8533)Suggested Grade Levels: 10 or 11 Students develop skills in the installation, operation, maintenance, and repair of residential, commercial, and industrial electrical systems. They also study electrical theory, navigate the National Electrical Code Book, select and install conductors, and work with panel boards, switchboards, and generators.

Electricity II (8534)Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12Prerequisite: Electricity I Credential: Electrical Construction Assessment (NOCTI)Students continue to develop skills in the installation, operation, maintenance, and repair of residential, commercial, and industrial electrical systems. They also study electrical theory and mathematical problems related to electricity, navigate the National Electrical Code Book, select and install conductors, examine lighting, communication, and power systems, and work with conduit and raceways, panel boards, switchboards, grounding systems, and generators. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.

Firefighting I (8705)Suggested Grade Levels: 10 or 11Credential: Workplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth ExaminationStudents are introduced to the equipment and procedures necessary to fight live fires, operate in simulated hazardous-materials incidents, and conduct search-and-rescue operations. Students react to multi-faceted situations (e.g., caused by simulated terrorism, accidents, and natural disasters) as part of an emergency-response team. Students become familiar with emerging technologies such as communications software (e.g., dispatch systems, GIS, mapping systems, incident reporting, and simulation programs), multimedia inputs, thermal imaging cameras, and hazardous gas detectors. Students acquire teamwork, critical-thinking, public-speaking, research, report-writing, and incident-management skills. This course challenges students academically, mentally, and physically.Note: Students must be at least 16 years old by the first day of the course offering.

Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration I (8503)Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12 This instructional program prepares students to install, repair, and maintain the operating conditions of heating, air conditioning, and refrigeration systems. Students work with piping and tubing, study heat and electricity, install duct systems, and comply with EPA regulations. Completion of this sequence may prepare students for a number of certification exams, helpful for employment in a variety of HVAC occupations.

Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration II (8504)Suggested Grade Level: 11, 12Prerequisite:  Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration ICredential: EPA Technician Certification Exam; HVACR Assessment (NOCTI)This instructional program prepares students to install, repair, and maintain the operating conditions of heating systems. Completion of this sequence may prepare students for a number of certification exams, helpful for employment in a variety of HVAC occupations.

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The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.

Masonry I (8512)Suggested Grade Levels: 10 or 11 Students learn to use hand tools such as trowels, levels, and chisels and power tools such as concrete mixers to lay brick, concrete block, tile, and related materials. Students focus on problem-solving and employability skills while performing entry-level brick masonry tasks.

Masonry II (8513)Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12Prerequisite:  Masonry I Credential: Construction Masonry Bricklaying Assessment (NOCTI)Students continue to use hand tools such as trowels, levels, and chisels and power tools such as concrete mixers to lay brick, concrete block, tile, and related materials. Students also perform residential and commercial masonry tasks. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.

Precision Machining Technology I (8539)Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12Students learn the basics of industrial safety and environmental protection; planning, management, and performance of machining jobs; quality control; general maintenance; engineering drawings and sketches; and application of measurements, metalworking theory, properties of materials, and principles of CNC. Precision Machining Technology programs may be certified by NTMA (National Tooling and Machining Association), the certifying agency for the National Institute for Metalworking Skills (NIMS).

Precision Machining Technology II (8540)Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12Prerequisite:  Precision Machining Technology I Credential: Precision Machining Assessment (NOCTI)Dual Enrollment AvailableStudents apply industrial safety and environmental protection; planning, management, and performance of machining jobs; quality control; process improvement; general maintenance; engineering drawings and sketches; and application of measurements, metalworking theory, properties of materials, and principles of CNC. Precision Machining Technology programs may be certified by NTMA (National Tooling and Machining Association), the certifying agency for the National Institute for Metalworking Skills (NIMS). The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.

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Small Engine Technology I (8725)Suggested Grade Levels: 10 or 11Credential: Workplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth ExaminationStudents learn to safely maintain and repair small internal-combustion engines used on portable power equipment such as lawnmowers, string trimmers, rotary tillers, outboard engines, and other two- and four-cycle engines. Students diagnose and service manual starting systems, ignition systems, cooling systems, and exhaust systems.

Small Engine Technology II (8726)Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12 Prerequisite:  Small Engine Technology I Credential: Workplace Readiness Skills for the Commonwealth ExaminationStudents learn to safely maintain and repair small internal-combustion engines used on portable power equipment such as chain saws, motorcycles, jet skis, all-terrain vehicles, outboard engines, and other two- and four-cycle engines. Students analyze causes of engine failure and perform shop operations. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.

Welding I (8672)Suggested Grade Levels: 11 or 12Students learn to use gases and electric arc processes to fabricate and weld metal parts according to diagrams, blueprints, and specifications. Students will also receive all safety-related practices and techniques including the OSHA 10 card.

Welding II (8673)Prerequisite:  Welding ICredential: Welding Assessment (NOCTI), SENSE Training Program Certification (AWS)Dual enrollment availableStudents continue to apply the practices and techniques learned in Welding I using advanced welding techniques to fabricate and weld metal parts according to diagrams, blueprints, specifications, and industry certification. The cooperative education method is available for this course. Students combine classroom instruction and supervised on-the-job training in an approved position with continuing supervision throughout the school year.

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