Unit 6: Elements and Periodic Trends
Guided Notes
The Periodic Table
· The periodic table is made up of rows of ____________ and
____________
· An element is identified by its chemical symbol.
· A row is called a _____________________
· A column is called a __________________
· In the modern periodic table elements are arranged in order of
_______________________________________________________________________
· Periodic Law states:
__________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Groups
Periods
· The periodic table displays the symbols and names of the
elements along with information about the structure of their
atoms.
Atomic Structure
· Almost all an atom’s mass comes from its
____________________
· The nucleus is made up of all the atoms _______________ and
______________
· A proton weighs about the ____________ as a neutron
· Electrons that orbit are much lighter (about 2000=mass of 1
proton)
· Electrons are _________________
· Protons are _________________
· Neutrons are ________________
· Neutral atoms have an ______________ number of protons and
electrons. Gaining or losing electrons influences the
________________ of the atom.
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
· Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers
of __________________.
· The ________________________for an element will always remain
the same, but the __________________________number will change for
different isotopes.
Bohr’s Models
Electron Shell
Number of Electrons Held
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1. Write down the atomic number and atomic mass of the
__________________
2. Calculate the number of _____________ and _______________
a. Look a the atomic # (remember, in a neutral atom, the # of
protons equals the # of electrons)
3. Draw your nucleus and shells
a. The number of electron shells you need is the same as the
__________________
b. Elements on the 1st period have one energy level, 2nd have
two, etc.
4. Add the ___________________________ (remember, first shell
can only hold 2)
5. Move to the second shell and continue adding electrons until
complete, moving shells as required.
6. Electrons should begin on the right side and move
___________________________!
Practice Bohr’s Model: Magnesium
· Electrons in the outermost shell are called
______________________________
Lewis Dot Structures
· Dot Diagrams show the _______________________________________
only!
· To draw a dot diagram:
· Write the ____________________________________
· Find the # of _______________________electrons (draw Bohr or
look at group #)
· Draw the valence electrons (cross method)
Nuclear Energy
Fission
Fusion
Occurs in:
Occurs in:
Type of Radioactivity
Definition
Nuclear Reactions
Alpha
Beta
Gamma
Half Life
· The half-life of a _____________________ material is the
amount of time required for ____________ of the sample to
_______________ into another element or isotope.
