€¦ · Web viewThe main cause of civilian casualties has been mainly by suicide improvised explosive devices (IED). The report has also stated that the areas mostly affected are

MUNoH 2018 7

Dear Student Officers,

this is the file you are required to use as a prototype for your research reports. After you have read

the individual segments, delete the text I have written to guide you and replace it with your content.

Please save the individual research report document under the following name (obviously replacing

everything with your individual positions regarding the given segments): Forum, Issue, Student

Officer Name.

If you are unsure about anything, don't hesitate to ask me. The aim of your research report is to

prepare the delegates well for the debates, therefore it is better you ask any questions you might

have early on, rather than cause confusion among the delegates later.

Remember that you don’t give your personal mail. Use the given one for you forum.

Your research report has to be formatted with a 1.5 line space, times new roman 12.

Description of the issue::

Afghanistan has been vulnerable to terrorist attacks in the past decade. In fact, it’s the second most

unpeaceful country in the world afterbehind Syria according to the Global Peace Index (GPI) 2017.

The capitalCapital city of Afghanistan, Kabul, is the most endangered by these terrorist attacks. So,

by who causes those terrorist attacksare the terrorist attacks caused by? These attacks and threats

are mainly caused by the Taliban, which is referred by itself as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.

Taliban is a Sunni Islamic fundamentalists political movement in Afghanistan and the main cause of

Afghanistan’s endangered environment.

Forum: Student OfficersSecurity Council

Issue: Prototype for your research reportThe question of Afghanistan with special regard to terrorist activities

Student Officer: Lisa DudekAlexandra Kharitonova

Position President of the General AssemblyVice-President of the Security Council

Mail: [email protected]@munoh.de









































mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

MUNoH 2018 7

How is terrorism affecting the security of the population? As stated above, Afghanistan was

proclaimed to be the second most unpeaceful country. The most recent UNAMA (United Nations

Assistance Mission in Afghanistan) report gave statistics on the effect of terrorism on the civilians.

For example, there were voter registration for upcoming parliamentary elections that began on

14th ng of April, which have shown a rise in terrorist activities and resulted in parliamentary

elections that began on 14th of April, which resulted a rise in terrorist activities resulting271 civilian

casualties, 86 deaths and 185 injuries. Most importantly, 75% of the 23 election-related terrorist

incidents, happened in such establishments such as schools and mosques, which are used in

election-related purposes. Keeping in mind that of these casualties 51% are women and children it

is shown that they’re the most vulnerable of the civilians.

Overall the issue circulates around the idea of Afghanistan’s security that is disrupted by terrorism,

so while writing resolutions, the focus should be on how to prevent these terrorist attacks and how

civilians affected by them can be protected.

Major Countries /Organizations Involved

Afghanistan

Besides the fact that the issue is about Afghanistan, it is also important to take notice of

Afghanistan’s policy on the situation.

Afghanistan is not resenting US military forces within the country, but quite the opposite. With the

current Afghanistan’s president Ashraf Ghani, not only has the relation between the USA and

Afghanistan improved, but it also led to resulted the RSM to be signed, which is explained later in

the report.

With the rise in terrorist attacks in 2018, Afghanistan’s response was, according to Afghanistan’s

President Ashraf Ghani spokesman, that with the recent attacks the Taliban has ‘crossed a red line

and lost the opportunity for peace.’ However, Ghani’s policy still remains to be reliant on peace

talks with the opposition.

Also, on 16th of June, 2018, Ghani has requested to extend the ceasefire with Taliban with the

ability to ‘provide medical assistance to the wounded Taliban and provide them with any

humanitarian assistance if needed. In addition, Taliban prisoners will also be allowed to contact and

MUNoH 2018 7

see their families.’ It will has to be an event of utter importance as it is Taliban’s first ceasefire

since the events with the US in 2001.

NATO

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also referred to as the North Atlantic Alliance, is an

intergovernmental military alliance between 29 North American and European countries. Currently

there are NATO troops in Afghanistan, to be more precise, since the 9/11 attacks in the United

States. In 2011 the number of NATO forces in Afghanistan has climbedpeaked up to 140,000, but

the amount has been decreasing since then.

By December 2014 NATO has ended its combat mission in Afghanistan leaving up to 13.000

strong residual forces which is used for training and counter-terrorism operations.

NATO is deployed in support of the Resolute Support Mission (RSM). This mission includes

support ingin planning, programming and budgeting, supporting the adherence to the principles of

rule of law and good and so on. The RSM was welcomed by the United Nations Security Council

on 12th December, 2014 in Resolution 2189.

US

The United States have been involved with Afghanistan for over 16 years, starting shortly after the

9/11 incident. By 2003-2008, Bush sends in more troops to Afghanistan in response to an increase

in Taliban’s activities. After Obama's election as president, came to power the number of troops in

Afghanistan started to decrease. By 2017, a new strategy has been implemented with president

Donald Trump, with a deployment of thousands more US troops to Afghanistan.

By 2018 terrorist attacks have increased in Afghanistan to which analysts doubted that the US

military would be able to provide Afghanistan with security as it decreased from 100.000 troops in

2010 to current 15.000.

Keeping in mind that the Afghan Government is keen on extending the US military presence as they

are hoping that it will result in better trained Afghan forces and better equipment for thempped.

The Afghan president, Ashraf Ghani, signed a Bilateral Security Agreement (BSA) with the US.

This agreement allows US troops to stay in Afghanistan for training and assisting their security

forces.

MUNoH 2018 7

In this part you are explaining the general idea of the issue. Ask yourself the following questions:

- What is the issue about? Try to give a definition of the main theme, in case you think your

definition is very vague, add aspects in which direction the debate is supposed to go. Again, if

you are unsure, ask.

- How are the countries or parties involved in this topic

- Which geographical regions are affected? (if such definition is possible)

Background information::

Anti-Government and Pro-Government forces both contribute to the rise of terrorism. As stated

anti-Government activities resulted in 1,500 civilian casualties during the first three-months, which

iswas a 6% increase since last year. Overall 67% of all civilian casualties have been reported to be

from the anti-Government forces by UNAMA. 50% of the 67% were caused by Taliban, 11% by

Daesh/Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP), 4% to unidentified numbers anti-Government

forces and 2% are fighting between these anti-government element groups. The pro-Government

forces were responsible for 18% of all civilian casualties: 11% by Afghan national security, 2% by

international military forces, 4% by undetermined Pro-Government Forces and 1% by pro-

Government armed groups. From this we can conclude that there are more issues coming from the

anti-Government side and that these should be considered while writing a resolution.

As described in the description of the issue, we need to realizse that it affects the population.

Nobody should haveonce to feel unsafe. Other reasons to improve situation of Afghanistan’s

security is to take into consideration the displacement of many, and the terror that has

psychandological impacts on the citizens. expos to repetitive shocks. Afghan households are at high

risk as they are also economically vulnerable. The lack of security results in economic

problemsissues such as many families living in poverty. Families are also facing forced

displacement which affect the population negatively.

UNAMA’s quarterly report on the protection of civilians in armed conflict shows that from January

1st to 31st March, 2018, there were 2,258 documented casualties, which is similar to those of the first

three months of 2017 and 2016, this shows that the situation has not been improving in the recent

years. The main cause of civilian casualties hass been mainly by suicide improvised explosive

devices (IED). The report has also stated that the areas mostly affected are Kabul, Helmand,

Nangarhar, Faryab, and Kandahar.

MUNoH 2018 7

With rising terrorism, it also makes Afghanistan aid-dependent and doesn’t let economic growth

happento happen within the country. This affects not only Afghanistan’s economy, but also the

countries aiding Afghanistan.

Here you give a broader overview of the issue. You state background information that every

delegate should know.

Please remember: You most probably will have first timers in your forum. Because of this, you

need to explain the issue step by step so that it becomes clear for everyone. Graphics, maps or

pictures are always a helpful to display the issue more clearly to your delegates. When you use

such, always explain what and why you are showing them. Point out how they are connected to the

content you are writing about.

In your text cover the following aspects:

- What are the social, political and economic concerns?

- How is the issue affecting society in general and especially in the regions it takes place?

- Why are we searching for a solution (why is it necessary)?

Historical background:

Taliban is the main cause of the unstable security in Afghanistan. At first, we need to understand

what is exactly the Taliban are and what are their motives are. Taliban became prominent in

Afghanistan in 1994. It is speculated that their first appearance was in religious seminaries, funded

by Saudi Arabia. Taliban’s promise became to restore peace and security and enforce their severe

version of Sharia (Islamic law) once they get power. These severe laws included: public executions

of convicted murderers, amputations of those guilty of theft, men were required to grow beards,

women had to wear the all-covering burka, banning television was banned, music and cinema too,

and girls aged 10 were not longer allowed to go to school. The Taliban wereas in power of

Afghanistan from 1996 until 2001 when they wereit was overthrown. The Taliban’s government

was only recognized by Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Pakistan.

This does not necessarily need to be covered in every issue, but in most cases the issue evolved due

to political/social/… conflicts and therefore the delegates need to understand how it started.

Mention agreements, treaties and geographic conflicts that have occurred due to problems in the

particular region regarding your issue.

MUNoH 2018 7

Glossary:

Taliban – Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

UNAMA – United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan

Terrorism – unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of

political aims

Civilian Casualties – when civilians are killed or injured by non-civilians, mostly law enforcement

officers, military personnel, or criminals such as terrorists and bank robbers

IED - improvised explosive devices

ISKP – Daesh/Islamic State Khorasan Province

If you have used words that might be unclear to delegates or that you have not explained in your

previous text, here is your chance to do so (again remember: first timers often do not have such a

broad knowledge of MUN vocabulary, phrases or abbreviations of organizations,..).

Additionally, give a short overview of the NGOs or IGOs you have included.

How to prepare as a delegate:

As a delegate you can be considering a numerous way to find a solution to start writing your

resolution. You can either tackle it by trying to decrease terrorist activities or by looking at

possibilities to improve the security in Afghanistan by helping those in danger.

While researching your country, you need to realize its relationship with Afghanistan or NATO.

Also, if it recognized Taliban as a government or not. If your country is in the NATO, it will most

likely support its decisions.

Also consider on what your country is more likely to do. Whether it is more militaristic and would

take militaristic measures on this issue or would they provide humanitarian help.

In this committee your country may contain veto power. If your country is China, France, Russia,

United Kingdom or United States, keep that fact in mind. Veto is the power for the country to deny

any substantive resolution.

MUNoH 2018 7

In the Security Council you also have the ability to sanction countries or send peacekeeping troops.

Keep this in mind when writing your resolution.

For Security Council you have to write two position papers and one resolution. The deadline for this

is 11/09/2017. These papers must be sent to the email address above. Any documents sent later

would not be corrected.

Describe to the delegates how you want them to prepare for the issue. Include aspects of alliances

with other countries, and what their country’s involvement in the issue.

All delegates are required to write at least one draft resolution and two/three position papers so that

all topics of the forum are covered. This requirement also needs to be included in this part of your

research report. Remind your delegates that the deadline to send in the documents is the 11.09.17.

Also let them know that all documents sent in after the deadline will not be corrected by you as

Student Officers. We might implement further restrictions if we feel it is necessary, like expelling

unprepared delegates from lobbying, so please keep me informed of delegates who have not met the

deadline.

UN resolutions:

https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/s_res-2405_2018.pdf

Resolution 2405 (2018)

https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/resolution_2344_2017_english.pdf

Resolution 2344 (2017)

Include at least two links to UN resolutions regarding the issue in this part of your research report.

Useful links: :

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/

701005/Afghanistan_-_Security_-_CPIN_-_v5.1__April_2018_.pdf

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12024253

https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/

protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf

https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf



https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/701005/Afghanistan_-_Security_-_CPIN_-_v5.1__April_2018_.pdf


https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/resolution_2344_2017_english.pdf

https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/s_res-2405_2018.pdf

MUNoH 2018 7


protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_annual_report_2016_final280317.pdf


protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_midyear_report_2017_july_2017.pdf

https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/afg_2017_hno_english.pdf


Here, insert links that will help the delegates with their research. Often PDF’s with broader content

or a youtube video explaining the issue in an easy way will help the delegates. If there is a sub-topic

concerning your issue that you only briefly touched upon you can also add a link here so that the

delegates can look into it more closely.

Sources:


https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_-_special_report_-

_election-related_attacks_and_abuses_may_2018_english.pdf


unama_protection_of_civilians_first_quarter_2018_report_11_april_0.pdf


https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/

701005/Afghanistan_-_Security_-_CPIN_-_v5.1__April_2018_.pdf

http://time.com/5126270/terrorist-attacks-afghanistan-taliban-isis/

https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_113694.htm

https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_113694.htm

http://time.com/5126270/terrorist-attacks-afghanistan-taliban-isis/




https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/unama_protection_of_civilians_first_quarter_2018_report_11_april_0.pdf

https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/unama_protection_of_civilians_first_quarter_2018_report_11_april_0.pdf

https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_-_special_report_-_election-related_attacks_and_abuses_may_2018_english.pdf

https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_-_special_report_-_election-related_attacks_and_abuses_may_2018_english.pdf




https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_midyear_report_2017_july_2017.pdf

https://unama.unmissions.org/sites/default/files/protection_of_civilians_in_armed_conflict_midyear_report_2017_july_2017.pdf



MUNoH 2018 7

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/08/2001-2017-intervention-afghanistan-

170822035036797.html

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-44507090

https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/taliban-afghanistan

For your research, use valid and reliable sources. Ideas for sources are:

your forum‘s official website

NGOs websites

UN.org (often here you can find articles written especially on your issue)

https://scholar.google.de If you use google for your research, try this one, it offers sources that have

the specific purpose to educate and leaves out irrelevant information.

http://www.findthedata.com

Make sure to send your research report to me after it has been corrected/proof read by your MUN

director.

It shall not be sent to me later than 19 June. I will then, if necessary give you further input.

I wish you a lot of success in writing amazing research reports for this year’s MUNoH conference

and I am confident you will certainly do so.

Kind regards,

Lisa Dudek

https://scholar.google.de/

http://UN.org/

https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/taliban-afghanistan

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-44507090

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/08/2001-2017-intervention-afghanistan-170822035036797.html

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/08/2001-2017-intervention-afghanistan-170822035036797.html

Documents

€¦ · Web viewThe main cause of civilian casualties has been mainly by suicide improvised explosive devices (IED). The report has also stated that the areas mostly affected are