· Web viewSubject. Topic. Summary. Execution. Hindi . व्याकरण. रंगों के नाम. 1.लाल 2. पीला 3.नीला 4. हरा 5

Rishi Aurobindo Memorial Academy

134 P. K. Guha Road DumDum Kol-28

Study Material of 20/4/2020

For Class Nursery to XII

Class Nursery

Subject

Topic

Execution

English

· Practice Book Pg 13

· Write in book

Math

· Practice Book Pg 42 (17, 18)

· Write in the book

Hindi

· Letter ‘ए’

· Write in the copy

Bengali

· এসো লিখি Pg 7

· Write in the book

Class KG I

Subject

Topic

Execution

English

· Reading Book Pg 18, 19

· Write in book

Math

· Counting

· Number 26 – 50 Write in Copy

Bengali

· সংখ্যা ১ – ১০

· Write in copy

Hindi

· गिनती ११ से २० तक

· Write in copy

Class KG II

Subject

Topic

Execution

English (Term I)

· Pg 31, 32

· Write in cursive letters in book

Math

· Number Names

· Write the numbers names of 1 – 15 in copy

Science (Term I)

· Pg 116

· Complete the task given in book

Class I

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

Hindi

व्याकरण

रंगों के नाम

1.लाल 2. पीला 3.नीला 4. हरा 5.काला 6.सफेद 7.गुलाबी

Bengali

বই–★★★

পাঠ–ইকারযোগেশব্দগঠন

১। ক + ই = কি, কিরণ ২। গ + ই = গি , গিরি

৩। চ + ই =চি, চিনি ৪। জ + ই=জি, জিলিপি

৫। ঠ + ই=ঠি, ঠিক ৬। ড + ই = ডি , ডিম

৭। ল + ই = লি , লিপি ৮। ন+ ই= নি , নিকট

৯। ব+ই= বি , বিড়াল ১০। চ + ই = চি , চিল

Maths

Chapter 4 addition and subtraction

Book Page 200

4.Find the difference

4 9 9

-3 - 1 -6

183

6 2

-2 - 2

40

English 1

Chapter 1 naming words

Revision

learn and practice

1)Write two names of each of the following:-

a) Birds:-crow, parrot

b)Things:-Pen, book

2) What is a noun?

Ans:-Naming words are called noun.

English 2 Orchid

Chapter 3 the caring granny

Page 26

Page 27

Two words with

1. S:-Sky,sweet

2.W :-window,walk3.D:-dinner, dear

G. Fill with this or that

1.This is a tree.

That is a dog.

2.This is a ship.

That is a Boat.

3. That is an aeroplane.This is a car.

EVS

Chapter 5 celebrations and festivals

Page 112 and 113

Write true or false:-

1.A person’s birthday is not a special day for him / her.--false2.Weddingsare celebrated with family members.—true

1. Namaz is done on Eid. --true

2. Christmas tree is decorated on Diwali.—false

3. Ravana was killed on Dussehraday. --True

4. People make rangoli on Eid.—False

5. Mahatma Gandhi’s birthday is celebrated as Independence day.--false

Class II

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

Eng literature

Ch 4 Bob and the BathTub

Write in the copy and learn them

Write TRUE or FALSE

1. Bob wanted the bathtub full always . false

2. Bob was giving Mac a bath. True

3. Mom yanked Bob and Mac out of the tub. False

4. Dad kept the key where Bob can’t reach it. True

Eng language

Ch 6 pronouns.

Do in the book

Refer to pg 34

Ex C ] fill in the blanks wit the correct pronouns.

Answers

1. b] I

2. c] We

3. b] It

4. c] she

5. a] you

6. b] it

7. c] he

8. a] they

9. b] she

10. c ] they

Evs

Ch 5 Eating Healthy

Write in the copy and learn.

Give 2 examples of each.

1. Energy giving food – rice , wheat

2. Bodybuilding food – eggs, milk

3. Protective food – fruits, vegetables

4. Junk food – candies , chips

5. Cereals – wheat , maize

6. Pulses – pea , gram

Bengali

বই - বর্ণপরিচয়

পাতা - ১৩

লফলাযোগেশব্দ

শুক্ল , ক্লেশ , গ্লানি ,

বিপ্লব , প্লাবন , অম্লান ,

পল্লব , উল্লাস , ভল্লুক ,

অশ্লীল , শ্লোক , আহ্লাদ।

Hindi

व्याकरण संज्ञा

Done in previous class

1.संज्ञा किसे कहते हैं? उदाहरण दीजिए।

उत्तर:- नाम बताने वाले शब्द को संज्ञा कहते हैं। जैसे:- राखी, स्कूल, सेब, आदि।

पहाड़ों के नाम:- हिमालय, एवरेस्ट नदियों के नाम :-गंगा, यमुना

इमारतों के नाम:- ताजमहल ,कमल मंदिर पशु पक्षी:- बिल्ली ,तोता कीट -पतंगों :-मक्खी, तितली

जगह /स्थानों के नाम:- चिड़ियाघर, जंगलवस्तुओं के नाम :-घड़ी, खिलौना

mathematics

CHAPTER-3

NUMBERS UPTO 1000

EXPANDED FORM

WRITE IN EXPANDED FORM

1)647=600+40+7

2)840=800+40+0

3)982=900+80+2

(Practice page no 188)

Class III

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

COMPUTER

Chapter 2 operating system

DONE IN THE PREVIOUS CLASS

PAGE NO 16,17

B. FILL IN THE BLANKS

1. MULTI USER

2. USERS

3. APPLE

4. OPERATING SYSTEM

5. MICROSOFT

C. MATCH THE FOLLOWING

1. MAC OS-APPLE

2. LINUX-LINUS TORVALDS

3. WINDOWS-MICROSOFT

4. SUSE LINUX-SUSE

5. SUN SOLARIS-SUN

6. OSE-REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM

ENGLISH I

CHAPTER 5 SINGULAR AND PLURAL

There are some nouns which do not follow any rule. For example man – men, ox= oxen, etc .

There are many nouns which remain the same in their plural forms and are not been changed. For example – sheep , money,news etc

We use a plural noun for one thing that has 2 parts joined together.for example- jeans , scissors etc.

Some plurals refer to a group of people, animal, or things. For example clothes, stairs etc.

We use a pair of to refer one thing.

Read pg 18 and learn the words.

SST

INDIA-THE LAND OF FESTIVALS

EXPLAINED IN THE PREVIOUS CLASS

Answer the following:

1. What is a festival?

Ans: A festival is a special day that we celebrate with our family and friends.

2. Why do we celebrate Diwali?

Ans: We celebrate Diwali because it celebrates the return of Lord Rama, Laxman and Sita to Ayodhya after fourteen years of exile.

3.Write a few lines on Christmas.

Ans: Christmas is celebrated on December 25. It is celebrated as the birthday of Jesus Christ. A Christmas tree is decorated. Children eagerly waits for gifts from Santa Claus.

SCIENCE

SOME PROPERTIES OF WATER

A solid that dissolves in a liquid is called solute. A liquid in which the solute dissolves is called solvent. The mixture of solute and solvent is called the solution, for example salt and water make salty water which is a solution. Water is called a universal solvent as many substances can dissolve in water.

Solved exercise question and answers:

B. Write true or false:

4) When a solute dissolves in a solvent, it forms a solution – True.

5) Substances that dissolves in water are called insoluble in water – False

C. Which of these objects we float in water?

Ans. Pencil – will float

Feather – will float

5 rupee coin – will not float

Ball – will float

Screw – will not float

BENGALI

বই – বাংলা সাহিত্য পরিচয়

পাঠ – ১

একতাই বল

অনুশীলনীর প্রশ্নোত্তর

৮।ক) গল্পে বৃদ্ধ লোকটির ছেলেরা ছিল খুবই কলহপ্রিয় । তারা সারাদিন নিজেদের মধ্যে ঝগড়া করেই দিন কাটাতো ।

খ) বুড়ো লোকটির মনে সুখ ছিল না , কারণ তার পাঁচ ছেলে মোটেই মিলেমিশে থাকতে পারত না ।

গ) বুড়ো লোকটি ছেলেদের জব্দ করার জন্য বেশ কিছু কঞ্চি একসাথে বেঁধে ছেলেদের সেই বান্ডিল এক এক করে ভাঙার চেষ্টা করতে বলল ।

ঘ) জীবনের আসল সুখ সকলে মিলেমিশে থাকায়। একসাথে থাকলে বাইরের কেউই কোন ক্ষতি করতে পারবেনা এটিই হলো “একেবারে আসল সত্যি ম্যাজিক” ।

HINDI

व्याकरण chapter 4 संज्ञा

आओ अभ्यास करें page 27

2.उचित शब्दों द्वारा खाली स्थान भरिए:-

1.सुबह के समय आकाश में सूरज निकलता है।

2. मछली पानी के बिना जीवित नहीं रह सकती।

3.मेरा मनपसंद टीवी चैनल पोगो है।

4. मेरी मनपसंद कहानी की किताब पंचतंत्र है। 5.कपिल और नितिन गेंद से खेल रहे हैं।

6. मेरे घर के चारों ओर हरियाली है।

7. रसगुल्लो में बहुत मिठास होती है।

MATHEMATICS

CHAPTER 4 SUBTRACTION

Like addition, the concept of subtraction is used in many day-to-day problems.

Exercise: 20

Example: 2

At a World Book Fair, a book seller sold 487 books on the opening day. He sold 189 fewer books the next day. How many books were sold the next day?

Solution:

Books sold on the first day = 4 8 7

Number of books sold less= -1 8 9

Books sold the next day = 2 9 8

Exercise:

8. There are 236 students in a school. The number of boys is 128. How many girls are there?

Solution:

Total number of students = 2 3 6

Number of boys =- 1 2 8

Number of girls = 1 0 8

12. Out of 425 books in a library, 268 books were lent out. How many books are still in the library?

Solution:

Total number of books = 4 2 5

Books were lent out =-2 6 8

Books still in the library= 1 5 7

Class IV

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

English language

Personal pronouns

Explained in the previous lesson.

Pick out the personal pronouns. Mention of what kind (first, second and third person):

9.You must not act hastily. Look before you leap.

You: second person, personal pronoun.

10.The mechanic said that he could repair the car and have it painted.

He, it : third person, personal pronoun.

11.We went for a walk and saw them sitting on a bench in the park.

We: first person, personal pronoun.

Them: third person, personal pronoun.

12.The doctor advised him to take the medicine he had prescribed every day.

He, him: third person, personal pronoun.

Social studies

Major landforms on earth


Short questions:

1.What is a mountain?

Ans: A mountain is a large landform that stands above the surrounding land in a limited area.

2.What is a mountain range?

Ans: A series of mountains is called a mountain range.

3.Name the highest mountain in the world.

Ans: Mount Everest is the highest mountain in the world, situated in Nepal (8848 m).

4. Which is the highest mountain range in the world?

Ans: Himalayas in Asia.

COMPUTER

Date-20/4/20

CHAPTER 3 EDITING IN MS WORD

FIND AND REPLACE COMMAND

MS WORD ALLOWS US TO SEARCH FOR SPECIFIC WORD IN A DOCUMENT WITH THE HELP OF FIND AND REPLACE COMMAND.

SPELLING AND GRAMMAR

SPELLING AND GRAMMAR FEATURE IS USED TO RECTIFY GRAMMATICAL ERRORS AND WRONG SPELLINGS.

Q8) WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MOVING THE TEXT AND COPYING THE TEXT IN MS WORD?

ANS)

MOVING THE TEXT

COPYING THE TEXT

1) WHEN WE MOVE THE TEXT, THE TEXT IS GONE FROM THE ORIGINAL LOCATION.

1)WHEN WE COPY THE TEXT, THE TEXT ALSO STAYS IN THE ORIGINAL LOCATION AND THEN ALSO GETS COPIED TO A NEW LOCATION.

2)MOVING THE TEXT MEANS REMOVING THE TEXT FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER.

2)COPYING THE TEXT MEANS CREATING A DUPLICATE COPY OF THE TEXT.

Science

Adaptations in Animals

Animals such as frogs, toads live both on land and in water. They are called amphibians. They have webbed feet that help them to swim in water and also have long back legs that help them to move on land by jumping. They breathe through their lungs, but in water they breathe through their skin. Animals such as monkeys, koalas are called arboreal animals as they live mostly on trees. They have sharp claws and powerful legs that help them to hold onto the branches.

Solved exercise question & answer:

B. Write H for herbivores, C for carnivores and O for omnivores:

5) tigers and wolves – C or carnivores

6) cows and buffaloes – H or herbivores.

C. Match the column:

1. Webbed feet d) frog

2. Tube-like mouth e) mosquito

3. Hooked beak a) eagle

4. Flippers b) turtle

MATHEMATICS

Ch: 6

Multiplication

Multiplication by 2-digit number

Exercise: 19

· Example:

Multiply 12413 by 37 and write number name of the product.

· Solution:

1 2 4 1 3

3 7

8 6 8 9 1

3 7 2 3 9 0

4 5 9 2 8 1

12413 37 = 459281

Number name: Four lakh fifty nine thousand two hundred eighty one.

Exercise:

Multiply:

(9) 709 by 89 (19) 12041 by 47(20) 21208 by 34

· Solution:

(9) 7 0 9

8 9

6 3 8 1

5 6 7 2 0

6 3 1 0 1

(19) 1 2 0 4 1 (20) 2 1 2 0 8

4 7 3 4

8 4 2 8 7 8 4 8 3 2

4 8 1 6 4 06 3 6 2 4 0

5 6 5 9 2 77 2 1 0 7 2

Mathematics

Ch: 6

Multiplication


Exercise: 20

· Example: 4

Simplify: 489250

· Solution:

489250 = 892504 = 891000 = 89000

Exercise:

18. Multiply 2673 by 148

· Solution:

2 6 7 3

1 4 8

2 1 3 8 4

1 0 6 9 2 0

2 6 7 3 0 0

3 9 5 6 0 4

Mathematics

Ch: 6

Multiplication


Exercise:

(19) 814125

(20) 58920

(21) 442325

· Solution:

(19) 814125 = 81500 = 40500

(20) 58920 = 89100 = 8900

(21) 442325 = 423100 = 42300

Bengali

বই – বাংলা সাহিত্য পরিচয়

পাঠ–১ শকুন্তলা অনুশীলনীর প্রশ্নোত্তর

১।ক)মালিনীর জল ছিল আয়নার মতো ।

খ) গাছের তলায় দেখা যেত কতকগুলি কুটিরের ছায়া।

গ)নিবিড় বনে ছিল অনেক জীব জন্তু।

ঘ) বসন্তে কোকিল গান গাইত।

ঙ) বর্ষায় ময়ূর নাচত।

২। ক) অবনীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের ভাইপো।

খ) তিনি আশি বছর বেঁচে ছিলেন।

গ) অবনীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুরের লেখা দুটি বইয়ের নাম হল ক্ষীরের পুতুল ও বুড়ো আংলা ।

ঘ) ঋষি কুমারেরা ক-- মুনির কাছে বেদ পড়তো।

ঙ) তারা গাছের ফল দিয়ে আতিথি সেবা করতো।

Hindi 2ndlang

जादू

खाली स्थानों को भरो–

1) भाई की लाचारी देख भीम को उस पर तरस आ गया ।

2) पिछली बार भी तो गेंद झाड़ियों में फेंक दी थी

3) एक बालक ने जिज्ञासा प्रकट करते हुए पूछा।

4) अब मैं तुम्हें गेद के साथ-साथ अंगूठी भी निकाल कर दूंगा।

5) मैंने निकट के ही बरगद के पेड़ से एक टहनी काटी और एक धनुष तैयार किया ।

Class V

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

Social studies

Conquering distances


Put a tick on the correct option:

1.It does not have wheels. (Answers are underlined)

a. Bicycle b. Ship. c. Train

2.The oldest mode of transport is

a. Land transport. b. Water transport c. Air transport.

3.Specially designed vehicles that run on two parallel tracks are

a. Aeroplanes. b. Trains c. Ships

4.There are ______ major ports in India.

a.11. b. 12. c. 13.

5.The first flight was conducted by

a. Columbus. b. Wright brothers

c. Graham Bell.

2. True or false:

a. Roads cannot be built everywhere. False.

b. Railways can carry bulky goods over long distances. True.

c. Waterways are the cheapest means of transport. True.

d. Airways is the fastest means of transport.True.

Science

Chapter 3 – Food and Health

Food

Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism.

We need food

· to grow

· to stay healthy and

· to get energy.

The nutrient present in food are –carbohydrates , fats , proteins , vitamins and minerals along with roughage and water.

Nutrients their roles and sources

1.Carbohydrate

It provide energy to our body . Rice, wheat, potatoes, bread, sugar are sources of carbohydrates.

2.Proteins

It helps in the growth and repair of our body. Pulses, nuts ,egg, milk, fish, meat are sources of proteins.

3.Fat

It also provide us energy. Butter, ghee, vegetables, oils are sources of fat.

Q) Which food is known as energy giving food ?

Ans - Carbohydrates and Fats

Q) Which food is known as Body- building food ?

Ans – Proteins .

Q) Which food is known as protective food ?

Ans – Vitamins and minerals .

MATHEMATICS

Ch: 4

Multiplication and Division

Exercise: 14

17. Using 82946 499 = 41390054, find

(b) 82946 498 (c) 82945 499

· Solution:

(b) 82946 498 = 82946 (499 – 1)

= 82946 499 – 82946 1

= 41390054 – 82946

= 41307108

(c) 82945 499 = (82946 – 1) 499

= 82946 499 – 499 1

= 41390054 – 499

= 41389555

Ch: 4


Word problems on Multiplication

Exercise: 15

· Example: 2

The cost of a chair is Rs. 1980, 50P. Find the cost of such 85 chairs.

· Solution:

Here we multiply Rs 1980, 50P by 85

Working: 1 9 8 0 5 0

8 5

9 9 0 2 5 0

1 5 8 4 4 0 0 0

1 6 8 3 4 2 5 0

The cost of 85 chairs Rs. 168342.50.

Note: We multiply Rs. 1980, 50P by 85 in the same way as if we multiply 198050 by 85. The number formed by the last two digits on the extreme right represents paise and the number formed by the remaining digits represents rupee.

Exercise:

6. The price of a sofa-set is Rs. 32536, 90P. Find the total cost of 196 sofa-sets.

· Solution:

Cost of a sofa-set 3 2 5 3 6 9 0

1 9 6

1 9 5 2 2 1 4 0

2 9 2 8 3 2 1 0 0

3 2 5 3 6 9 0 0 0

6 3 7 7 2 3 2 4 0

The cost of 196 sofa-sets is Rs. 6377232.40.

MATHEMATICS

Ch: 4


Word problems on Multiplication

9. Find the continued product and write the result in words.

(a) 535 608 90

· Solution:

5 3 5

6 0 8

4 2 8 0

0 0 0 0

3 2 1 0 0 0

3 2 5 2 8 0

9 0

2 9 2 7 5 2 0 0

The result is Two crore ninety two lakh seventy five thousand two hundred

COMPUTER

CHAPTER 3 DATA STORAGE DEVICES

COMPUTERS USE DIFFERENT STORAGE DEVICES FOR STORING INFORMATION.

THE TWO TYPES OF COMPUTER MEMORY ARE PRIMARY MEMORY AND SECONDARY MEMORY.

PRIMARY MEMORY

PRIMARY MEMORY IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE MAIN MEMORY. IT IS ACCESSED DIRECTLY BY THE COMPUTERS PROCESSOR AND HAS A HIGH PERFORMANCE. IT CAN BE BROADLY CLASSIFIED AS RAM AND ROM.

RAM

RAM STANDS FOR RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY AND IS ALSO KNOWN AS READ OR WRITE MEMORY,IT IS VOLATILE IN NATURE BECAUSE THIS MEMORY IS AUTOMATICALLY RAISED WHEN THE POWER IS TURNED OFF.THE DAM IS LOCATED INSIDE THE COMPUTER CASE ON THE MOTHERBOARD AND THE INFORMATION STORED IN RAM CAN BE MODIFIED AT ANY POINT OF TIME.

ROM

ROM STANDS FOR READ ONLY MEMORY.IT IS A LONG TERM MEMORY WHICH IS NON VOLATILE IN NATURE THAT MEANS THIS MEMORY DOES NOT GET ERASED WHEN THE COMPUTER IS TURNED OFF AND WHEN THE COMPUTER IS TURNED ON AGAIN THE DATA STORED IN THE ROM IS STILL AVAILABLE.THE INFORMATION CAN BE ONLY READ FROM ROM AND CANNOT BE WRITTEN ON TO ROM AND THE INFORMATION STORED CAN BE MODIFIED WITH DIFFICULTY OR NOT AT ALL.

THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF ROM THAT IS

*PROM (PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY),

*EEPROM (ELECTRICALLY ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE READ-ONLY MEMORY)

*EPROM (ERASABLE PROGRAMMABLE READ-ONLY MEMORY).

READ PAGE 17 AND 18

English language

Verbs of incomplete predication

The word or group of words which helps a verb to complete what it says is known as its complement. If such a complement helps the verb to complete what it says about its subject, it is known as a subjective complement.

Example of subjectivecomplement:

1. Dinesh is a doctor.

Doctor is the complement as it tells about the subject 'Dinesh'.

2. Brandon is a talented athlete.

Athlete –complement

Brandon- subject.

3. John has always been a true friend.

John- subject

True friend- complement.

4. People call Einstein a genius.

Einstein- subject

Genius- complement.

Class VI

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

HISTORY AND CIVICS

CHAPTER: 3

MAHAVIRA AND BUDDHA – GREAT PREACHERS

Comparison between Jainism and Buddhism

Both Mahavira and Buddha were Kshatriya, adopted the popular language and opposed Brahmanical orthodoxy . But Jainism was much older than Buddhism and Mahavira was not the founder of Jainism like Buddha.

Similarities

Differences

Read the page numbers-53 and 54

English 2

The great train journey- Ruskin Bond.

The great journey by Ruskin Bond is a story about Suraj who loved trains and wanted to go to places. One day while wandering along the railway tracks, he enters into a carriage compartment. The train suddenly starts moving with him in the compartment and after a journey returns back to the same place from where it had begun. The story is about his experience during that journey.

Fill in the blanks:

1. Suraj stood in the bright sunlight, peering into the darkness trying to recognisebulky , shapeless objects.

1. Suraj sat down on a packing case, his chin cupped in his hands.

1. The carriage was bare of any sort of glamour.

1. The train was at siding and Suraj could not see any sign of light.

1. The train came out of the jungle and passed feels of sugarcane and mud huts.

1. Ranji would be waiting for him at the station.

1. Surajglowered angrily at everyone on the platform.

1. He did not want a ticket-collector asking him awkward questions.

CHEMISTRY

Chapter 2 –Element and Compound

Molecular Formula

It is the chemical formula that gives the total number of atoms of each element in each molecule of a substance .

Significance of molecular formula

A molecular formula provides the following information :-

1. The name of the compound .

1. The elements constituting the compound , and

1. It indicates the number and type of different atoms present in the molecule.

Answer the following

Q.6) What is a molecular formula ?

Ans – The chemical formula that gives the total number of atoms of each element in each molecule of a substance is called molecular formula.

Q.7) What are the things required for writing the molecular formula of a compound ?

Ans – For writing the molecular formula of a compound , the following things should be known :-

· The symbol of the element.

· The combining capacity of the elements, i.e its valency .

PHYSICS

Physical quantities

Mass

The amount of matter present in an object is called its mass.

Devices used to measure mass are –

· beam balance,

· physical balance ,

· electronic weightng machine.

1. Tick the most appropriate answer .

1. 1 inch is equal to –

1. 12 cm

1. 2.54 cm ✓

1. 3.08cm

1. 2.54 feet

1. SI unit of mass is

1. gram

1. milligram

1. kilogram ✓

1. pound

1. Which of the following waiting device has a very high accuracy and sensitivity?

1. Beam balance

1. grocer's balance

1. physical balance ✓

1. none of these

1. Answer the following.

1. What is a metre rod?

Ans - The meter-rod is used to measure the length of cloth, height of a place and small distances like length and breadth of a field, depth of a well, height of a building, etc.

1. What do you understand by the term mass? Name any one instrument used for measuring mass.

Ans – Mass is a measurement of the amount of matter of an object .

Mass is measured by physical balance .

1. What is the principle of the working of a beam balance.

Ans - The beam balance is a first class lever with the fulcrum in the middle. It works on the principle of moments. When two equal masses are placed in pans at either ends of a beam supported in the middle, then the beam will be balanced.

Hindi 2ndlang

नीलू

खाली स्थानों को भरिए।

1. नीलू का ध्वनि ज्ञान इतना विस्तृत और गहरा था।

1. अपनी मां के पेट की उष्णता खोजता और नापाने पर रोता चिल्लाता रहता।

1. शीत काल में ध्राखणशक्ति शक्ति के कुछ कुंठित हो जाने के कारण लकड़बग्घे की गंध पाने में असमर्थ रहते हैं।

1. काली कोरवाली आंखों का रंग शहद के रंग के समान था।

1. आकृति की विशेषता के साथ उसके बल और स्वभाव में भी विशेषता थी।

1. आखेट प्रिय अल्सेशियन मांसे जन्म पाकर भी उसमें हिंसा प्रवृत्ति का कोई चिन्ह नहीं था।

1. मुझे उनके परिश्रम पूर्वक बनाए हुए घोसले को उजाड़ ना अच्छा नहीं लगता।

1. सर्दियों में बरामदे में तख्तके ऊपर बैठकर पहरे दारी का कार्य करता।

1. उसे सर्दी लगने से निमोनिया हो गया।

1. एकबार मोटर दुर्घटना से घायल हो गया।

BENGALI(2ND LANGUAGE)

সন্ধিস্বরূপওস্বরসন্ধি

অনেক সময় দেখা যায় সন্ধির সাধারণ সূত্র গুলি না মেনে অন্যভাবে স্বরবর্ণের সঙ্গে স্বরবর্ণের মিলন ঘটেছে। তখন এই সন্ধিকে নিপাতনে সিদ্ধ স্বর সন্ধি বলে।

খাঁটি বাংলা স্বরসন্ধি -

নিপাতনে সিদ্ধ স্বর ধ্বনি -

কুল +অটা = কুলটা গো + অক্ষ = গবাক্ষ

সীমা + অন্ত = সীমন্ত সার + অঙ্গ = সারঙ্গ

১) অ +অ = আ বাপ + অন্ত =বাপান্ত

অপর + অপর = অপরাপর কতক + অংশ = কতকাংশ

২) অ +আ =আ পাগল+ আমি= পাগলামি

ঘর + আমি = ঘরামি দুষ্ট + আমি = দুষ্টামি

৩ ) আ+ আ = আ পাকা +আমি = পাকামি

সোনা +আলি =সোনালি জেঠা+ আমি = জেঠামি

৪ ) ই +ঈ = ঈ দিল্লি+ ঈশ্বরী =দিল্লিশ্বরী

৫ ) অ +ঈ = এ যশোর + ঈশ্বরী = যশোরেশ্বরী

৬ ) আ +ঈ = এ ঢাকা +ঈশ্বরী = ঢাকেশ্বরী

COMPUTER

CHAPTER-8

BASICS OF WINDOWS 10

THE COLLECTION OF PROGRAMS AVAILABLE IN WINDOWS 10 ARE REFERRED TO AS ACCESSORIES AND THESE ACCESSORIES ARE USEFUL TOOLS -- NOTE PAD IS A BASIC TEXT EDITING PROGRAM AND IS MOST COMMONLY USED TO VIEW OR EDIT TEXT FILES ON A WINDOWS MACHINE. PAINT IS ALSO A DEFAULT APPLICATION OF WINDOWS 10, USED TO CREATE CANVAS ON A BLANK CANVAS AREA OR IN EXISTING PICTURES.

PAGE NO 86 AND 87.

MATHEMATICS

Topic – Numbers

Chapter – Natural numbers and whole numbers

Exercise 5 (c)

5) Evaluate using properties :

(i) 679 × 8 + 679 × 2

= 679 × (8 + 2 ) [ using distributivity ]

= 679 × 10

= 6790

(ii) 284 × 12 – 284 × 2

= 284 × ( 12 – 2 ) [using distributivity ]

= 284 × 10

= 2840

(iii) 55873 × 94 + 55873 × 6

= 55873 × ( 94 + 6 )[using distributivity ]

= 55873 × 100

= 5587300

(iv) 7984 × 15 – 7984 × 5

= 7984 × ( 15 – 5 )

= 7984 × 10

= 79840

(v) 8324 × 1945 – 8324 × 945

= 8324 × (1945 – 945)

= 8324 × 1000

= 8324000

6) Find the product of the :

(i) greatest number of three digits and smallest number of five digits.

Solution : greatest number of three digits = 999

Smallest number of five digits = 10000

Required product = 999 × 10000

=( 1000 – 1 ) × 10000

= 1000× 10000 – 10000

= 9990000

(ii) greatest number of four digits and the greasy of three digits.

Solution : greatest number of four digits = 9999

Greatest number of three digits = 999

Required product = 9999 × 999

= (10000 – 1 ) × 999

= 10000 × 999 – 1× 999

= 10000 × (1000 – 1 ) – 1 × (1000 – 1 )

= 10000×1000 – 10000 – 1000 + 1

. = 10000000 – 11000 + 1

= 9989000 + 1

= 9989001

7) Fill in the blanks :

(i) (437 + 3) × ( 400 – 3 ) = 397 × 440

(ii) 66 + 44 + 22 = 11 × (6 + 4 +2 )= 11× 12 = 132

8) Evaluate :

(i) 355 × 18 = (300 + 50 + 5)× 18

= 5400 + 900 + 90

= 5400 + 990

= 6390

(ii) 6214 × 12 = ( 6000 + 200 + 10 + 4)×12

= 7200 + 2400 + 120 + 48

= 7200 + 2400 +168

= 7200 + 2568

= 9768

(iii) 15 × 49372 = (40000 + 9000 +300 + 70 + 2) × 15

= 600000 + 135000 + 4500 + 1050 + 30

= 600000 + 135000 + 4500 + 1080

= 600000 + 135000 + 5580

= 600000 + 140580

= 740580

(iv) 9999 × 8 = (9000 + 900 + 90 + 9) ×8

= 72000 + 7200 + 720 + 72

= 72000 + 7200 + 792

= 72000 + 7992

= 79992

Class VII

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

Hindi 2ndlang

कारक

संज्ञा या सर्वनाम के जिस रुप से उसका संबंध वाक्य के अन्य शब्दों से जाना जाता है उसे कारक कहते हैं जैसे-मोना बाजार गई ।

कारक आठ भेद होते हैं –

1) कर्ता कारक

2) कर्म कारक

3) करण कारक

4) समप्रदान कारक

5) अपादान कारक

6) संबंध कारक

7) अधिकरण कारक

8) संबोधन कारक

वर्णन–

1) कर्ता कारक- जिस शब्द का वाक्य की क्रिया के साथ संबंध होता है जैसे -सीमा ने मोहन को बुलाया ।

2) कर्मकारक- जिस शब्द पर किरिया का प्रभाव पड़े उसे कर्म कारक कहते हैं जैसे- सीता ने श्याम को किताब दिया।

3) करण कारक-जिसकी सहायता से कोई कार्य संपन्न हो उसे करण कारक कहते हैं जैसे -बच्चे गेद से खेल रहे हैं रमेश के द्वारा संदेश भेजा गया ।

4) संप्रदान कारक- वाक्य में कर्ता जिसके लिए या जिसको कुछ देता है उसे संप्रदान कारक कहते हैं। जैसे -राम राधा के लिए उपहार लाया ।

5) अपादान कारक–जिस शब्द से अलग होने का बोध हो उसे अपादान कारक कहते हैं ।जैसे- गंगा हिमालय से निकलती है, वृक्ष से पत्ते गिरते हैं ।

6) संबंध कारक–शब्द के जिस रूप से किसी व्यक्ति या वस्तु का संबंध किसी दूसरे व्यक्ति या वस्तु के साथ जाना जाए उसे संबंध कारक कहते हैं। जैसे- यह पिताजी की गाड़ी है।

7) अधिकरण कारक-संज्ञा या सर्वनाम का वह रूप जिससे क्रिया के स्थान अवसर और समय का ज्ञान हो वह अधिकरण कारक कहलाता है जैसे -सब छत पर पंछी दाना चुन रहे, हैं पंछी डाल पर बैठे हैं ।

8) संबोधन कारक-संज्ञा या सर्वनाम के जिस रुप से किसी को पुकारा जाए उसे संबोधन कारक कहते हैं। जैसे-हे!,अरे!,अरे!,ओह!

Continue to next……

Mathematics.

Topic: Number system.

Chapter: Fraction.

Study item: Some solved sums from exercise -3(c).

Reduce to a single fraction:

1/2 + 2/3

= 1×3/2×3 + 2×2/3×2 [ L.C.M. of 2 and 3 is 6]

= 3/6 + 4/6

= 3+4/6

= 7/6

(v) 1/4 + 5/6 - 1/12

= 1×3/4×3 + 5×2/6×2 – 1×1/12×1 [L.C.M. of 4,6 and 12 is 12]

= 3/12 + 10/12 – 1/12

= 3 + 10 – 1 /12

= 13 – 1 /12

= 12/12

=1

Simplify :

3/4 ×6 = 3×6/4 = 18/4 = 9/2

(Iii)3/4 × 1/2 = 3×1/4×2 = 3/8

(vii) 2 ÷ 1/3 = 2 × 3/1 = 6/1 =6

(x) 1/3 ÷ 1/4 = 1/3 × 4/1 = 4/3

(xiii) 3 3/4 × 1 1/5 × 20/21

= 15/4 × 6/5 × 20/21

= 15×6×20/4×5×21

= 30/7

বই–বাংলাসাহিত্যপরিচয়

পাঠ–১৪

অপুরকল্পনা

অনুশীলনীরপ্রশ্নোত্তর

৩।

ক) পথের পাঁচালী বিভূতিভূষণ বন্দোপাধ্যায়ের লেখা।

খ) অপুতার মার মুখে রাজপুত্তুরদের কথা শুনেছে।

গ)সকড়ি হাত কথাটি অর্থ ভাত, তরকারি ইত্যাদি রান্না করা খাবারে ছোঁয়া লাগা হাত।

ঘ) কাশীদাসী মহাভারতএ কাশীদাসী বলতে বোঝানো হয়েছে কাশীরাম দাস রচিত মহাভারত।

ঙ) মহাভারতের সব চরিত্র গুলির মধ্যেঅপুর মহাবীর কর্ণের চরিত্র সবচেয়ে বেশি ভালো লাগে।

৪।

ক) অনেক দূরের কথা অপুর শিশুমনে কল্পনার উদ্রেক হয় সে কল্পনায় মনে করত সেখানে যেন তার মায়ের মুখে শোনা রূপকথার রাজপুত্তুরের দেশ।

খ) অপুশিশু, সে কল্পনায় যখন বহুদূর পাড়ি দিত তখন হঠাৎই তার মন মায়ের কাছে যাওয়ার জন্য আকুল হয়ে উঠত।

গ) দুপুরের খাবার পর মাজানলার ধারে আঁচল পেতে শুয়ে ছেঁড়া কাশীদাসী মহাভারতখানা সুর করে পড়তো , আর অপু ক খ লিখতে লিখতে তা শুনতে।

GEOGRAPHY

REPRESENTATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES ON TOPOGRAPHICAL SHEETS

Fill in the blanks:

1) Topographical maps show much detail about ________areas.

2) Different __________ and ________ are used to represent these features on the map.

3) Colours used in a map are known as ____________ colours.

4) The colour __________ is used to represent waste or barren land.

5) There are _________ types of scales.

Biology

Chapter - 02: Classifications of Plants

Today we discuss about kingdom plantae.

kingdom plantae

Cryptogams

Phanerogams

Non flowering

Flowering

Thallophyta

( Algae)

Gymnosperms

Bryophyta

( Moses)

Angiosperms

Pteridophyta

( Ferns)

Today we mainly discuss about Non flowering plants.

Q15. What are lichens?

• Lichens are symbiotic association of algaeand fungi. In lichen, algae and fungi livetogether. The fungus absorbs water and minerals,and supplies it to the alga. The alga in turn prepares food, and supplies it to the fungus.

Q16. Which one is known as amphibians ofthe plant kingdom and why?

• Bryophytaare known as amphibian of theplant kingdom because they grow on land and need water for reproduction.

Q17. Define rhizome.

• Pteridophytes have underground stemscalled rhizome.

Q18. What is sori ? -

• Under surface of pteridophytes leaves have small rounded bodies, called sori. They containspores. These spores get dispersed and produce new plants.

Q19. Give some examples of algae,Bryophyta and Pteridophytes

· Algae: Spirogyra, Chara , Fucus

· Bryophyta : Funaria, Riccia

· Pteridophytes: Fern, Marsilia

CHEMISTRY

Chapter 2 –Element and Compound

COMPOUND

Compound is a pure substance which is composed of two or more elements , combined chemically in a fixed proportioj by weight and can be broken into elements by chemical methods alone

EXAMPLE : Water , calcium carbonate

Characteristics of Compound

A chemical compound has the following characteristics:

1) consists of atoms of two or more different elements bound together,

2) has properties that are different from its component elements

EXAMPLE : While hydrogen gas is combustible and oxygen is a supporter of combustion,their compound water isn't combustible or non combustible.

3) always contains the same ratio of its component atom

4) Compounds are homogeneous, i.e. their properties are the same throughout.

5) In the formation of compounds , generally energy in the form of heat , light and electricity is absorbed or evolved.

6) A compound cannot be seperated by simple mechanical and physical processes.It can be seperated by using chemical or electro chemical processes.

Answer the following

Q) Write the differences between elements and compounds?

Ans – Differences between Element and Compound

Element

Compound

Elements are pure substances which are composed of only one type of atom.

Compound are substances which are formed by two or more different types of elements that are united chemically in fixed proportions.

There are nearly 118 elements (at present) of which nearly 94 occur naturally on Earth.

Compounds are almost endless.

Elements are classified as either metals, nonmetals or metalloids.

Compounds are classified according to their bonds which can be ionic, molecular or metallic.

Some of the examples of elements are Iron, Copper, Gold, etc.

A few examples of compounds are NAOH, NaCl, etc.

Elements are represented by symbols and numbers. For example, Sodium is represented by Na.

Compounds are represented by their chemical formula. For example, salt is represented by the formula NaCl.

Elements can be distinguished by their atomic number.

Distinguished by their fixed ratio of different elements (arranged in a defined manner).

As only one type of atoms make up an element, all the properties of that atom are represented by its atom.

In case of compounds, the same type of molecules makes up the compound.

Elements cannot be broken down by chemical reactions.

Compounds can be easily separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions.

Class VIII

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

Chemistry

Hydrogen

Here we will discuss about the physical properties of Hydrogen.

Q) Discuss the physical properties of Hydrogen .

Ans -

Nature

Diatomic, gaseous, colourless, tasteless, odourless

Solubility

Sparingly soluble in water

Liquefaction

Cannot liquefy easily

Density

Lightest element known, air is 14.4 times heavier

Biology

Chapter - 02:Reproduction in plants

Today we start with different parts of flower. We know that flower is the reproductive part of plants. It is attached

to the stem by a stalk called Pedicel. The tip of the pedicel is swollen, called thalamus. Flowers do not have a pedicel are called sessile flowers.

Q11. Name different parts and subparts of flower and theirrespective functions.

The flower contains four parts:

Sepals or Calyx: The outermost whorl of flower.

Function : a) Protect the flower in bud stage

b) If it is green in colour perform photosynthesis.

ii) Petals or Corolla:

Large brightly coloured part of flower

Function : Attract insect for pollination

iii)Stamens: This is the male reproductivepart of flower. They are present

towards the inner side of the petals. Each stamen contains pollen grains.

Function: Produce male gamete, pollen grains.

iv) Pistill : It lies at the centre of flower.

Gynoecium has three parts:

a) Stigma - the top sticky part.

b) Style- the middle hollow tube.

c) Ovary → the swollen basal part

Function: Produce female gamete ,egg:

Q12. What are the functions of flower?

i) The main function is to producefruit and seeds through pollination

and fertilisation

Flower have ornamental value.

Flower serves as food for someinsects.

English 2

Twelfth Night – Shakespeare

A noble man named Orsino, in the kingdom of Illyria, is deeply in love with a lady called lady Olivia. She is in mourning for her dead brother; so she will not even think about marriage. At this time a sea storm causes a terrible shipwreck and a young lady called Viola is swept onto the shore. She thinks that her twin brother, Sebastian is drowned. A sea captain tells her about Orsino and his love for Olivia. Viola wishes to work in Olivia’s home, but feels she will not be employed. So she dresses as a man, calls herself Cesario and gets work at the house of Orsino.

Viola (now Ceasario) is much liked by Orsino and becomes his page. She falls in love with Orsino. Orsino sends Ceasario to deliver messages to Olivia. Olivia herself falls for the beautiful young Ceasario, believing Viola to be a man.

3. Answer the following with reference to context:

1. If music be the food of love ,play on;

Give me excess of it…….

Where do these lines come from?

This phase comes from one of Shakespeare's play titled ‘twelfth night'.

Who is the speaker and what does music do for him?

Orsino is the speaker. Music to him is the ‘food of love'. He relieves his feelings by listening to music. He asks there to be an excess of Music as he hopes that it will cure him of his obsession with love.

Is his desire to hear music temporary?

Yes, as shortly afterwards he asked the musicians to stop playing the music.

Why is the speaker in a confused state of mind following this?

The speaker is in a confused state of mind as he gets to know that Olivia is in mourning for her brother and will not leave her room or intends to fall in love for several years.

History and civics

Three main organs of the Indian government: Legislature

1. Why did India adopt parliamentary form of Government?

India adopted the Parliamentary form of government because India has been familiar with its working during the British Colonial rule. So, the members of the Constituent Assembly decided to adopt this form of government for the independent India.

2. What is parliament?

In modern politics and history, a parliament is a legislative body of government. Generally, a modern parliament has three functions: representing the electorate, making laws, and overseeing the government via hearings and inquiries. The term is similar to the idea of a senate, synod or congress, and is commonly used in countries that are current or former monarchies, a form of government with a monarch as the head. Some contexts restrict the use of the word parliament to parliamentary systems, although it is also used to describe the legislature in some presidential systems.

Answer the following questions:-

What is parliament?

What is parliamentary form of government?

Homework:-learn.

Physics

Chapter 2: Physical Quatites and Measurements

Here We Will Do Some Questions

Related To Chapter 2.

The correct statement is

1. The buoyant force on a body is equal to the volume of the liquid displaced by it

2. The buoyant force on a body is equal to the volume of the body

3. The buoyant force on a body is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by it

4. The buoyant force on a body is always equal to the weight of the body.

Solution: 3. The buoyant force on a body is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by it.

MATHEMATICS

Ch: 6

Sets

VENN-DIAGRAM

Venn-diagram is the most commonly used pictorial representation of sets. This idea was first developed by John Venn, an English mathematician, that is why the figures (geometrical figures) used in this type of representation are called Venn-diagram.

· In Venn-diagram, a closed curve (figure) represents a set and the interior points within this closed curve represent the elements of the set.

· In a Venn-diagram, the universal set is represented by a rectangle and all other sets under consideration by circles or ovals within the rectangle.

Using Venn-diagrams to the relationship between the sets:

1. The diagram shows two adjoin sets A and B.

2. The diagram shows A and B are joint or overlapping sets.

3. (i) A B (ii) B A

4. The shaded points in the following figures show A B.

5. The shaded points in the in the following figures show A B.

6. The shaded points in the following figures show A – B.

7. The shaded points in the following figures to show B – A.

Class IX

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

Computer Application

Chapter 2

Questions/ Answer.

1. Name two types of Java programs.

Ans. Application and Applet

2. What is Java API?

Ans. An application programming interface (API), in the context of Java, is a collection of prewritten packages, classes, and interfaces with their respective methods, fields and constructors.

3. Define the term Byte Code.

Ans. Java bytecode is the result of the compilation of a Java program, an intermediate representation of that program which is machine independent. The Java bytecode gets processed by the Java virtual machine (JVM) instead of the processor.

4. What is JVM? Explain its relationship with byte code.

Ans. The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is the runtime engine of the Java Platform, which allows any program written in Java or other language compiled into Java bytecode to run on any computer that has a native JVM.

5. What is a platform? How does it differ from a Java platform?

Ans. A platform is the hardware or software environment in which a program remains. The Java platform differs from most other platforms in that it’s a software only platform that runs on top of other hardware-based platforms.

6. State the difference between Applet and Application.

Ans. The fundamental difference between the two Java programs is that an application program is designed to run on a stand-alone machine whereas an applet is a web-version of an application which is used to run a program on a web browser.

7. What makes Java suitable to create secured applications?

Ans. Java is designed to be secure in a networked environment. It is designed with multiple layers of security countermeasures embedded in the compiler, runtime system, and in browsers that support Java. These countermeasures make Java inherently more secure for developing any type of trusted application software. The Java run-time environment uses a byte code verification process to ensure that code loaded over the network does not violate Java security constraints.

8. What does the Robust feature in Java mean?

Ans. The term robust means strong or vigorous. Java uses some strong design measures to eliminate certain types of programming errors. It allows extensive compile-time error checking. Therefore most of the errors will be trapped and need to be rectified during compilation.

9. State four features of Java.

Ans. Simple, Robust, Secured and Platform Independent.

10. What is Multithreading in Java?

Ans. Multithreading is a process of executing multiple threads simultaneously. Thread is basically a lightweight sub-process, a smallest unit of processing. The main purpose of multithreading in Java is to provide simultaneous execution of two or more parts of a program to utilize the CPU to the maximum.

11. What makes Java Architecture Neutral?

Ans. In Java there are no implementation dependent features. In most of other languages you need to know features that are hardware or OS dependent. For example in a high-level language called C the int data type occupies 2 bytes of memory for 32-bit architecture and 4 bytes of memory for 64-bit architecture. But in java, it occupies 4 bytes of memory for both 32 and 64 bit architectures.

12. What is WORA?

Ans. “Write once, run anywhere” (WORA), or sometimes write once, run everywhere (WORE), is a slogan created by Sun Microsystems to illustrate the cross-platform benefits of the Java language.

13. Explain the statement “Byte code is the object code for the JVM”.

Ans. Normally object code refers to a program in a form that the host system can run directly. As java source code is converted to bytecode during compilation which is then recognised by the JVM, Thus bytecode is sometimes referred to as the object code for the JVM.

English 1

Transformation of sentences-II

To transform means to change. Transformation of a sentence means to change the sentence, following the instruction given and changing the grammatical form without changing its meaning: as; direct to indirect speech, active to passive voice or some other forms or vice versa.

Sentence can be altered or changed without changing their meaning in various ways. So a sentence can be changed from one grammatical form to another.

Exercise 1.

Interchange of one part of speech for another.

1. He got success in his efforts. ( Noun)

He succeeded in his efforts.(verb)

2. He refused all we proposed.(verb)

He refused all our proposals. (Noun)

3. I do not know his innocence.( Noun)

I do not know that he is innocent. ( Adjective)

4. He admitted his guilt. (Noun)

He admitted the he was guilty. (Adjective)

5. He was successful in his attempt.( Adjective)

He got success in his attempt. (Noun)

BENGALI(2ND LANGUAGE)

ব্যাকরণ -

সাধু ভাষা ও চলিত ভাষা

বাংলা ভাষা দুটি রূপ –লেখ্য এবং কথ্য।

আবার লেখ্য ভাষার দুটি রূপ -সাধুভাষা , চলিতভাষা।

সাধুভাষা- যে বাংলা ভাষায় বেশি সংস্কৃত ঘেঁষা শব্দ ও ক্রিয়াপদ ব্যবহার করা হয়। উদাহরণ – করিতেছে, করিবে, পড়িয়াছে ইত্যাদি।

চলিত ভাষা – যে সহজ সরল মান্য বাংলা ভাষায় আমরা কথা বলি। উদাহরণ - করছে, করবে, পড়ছে |

একই লেখায় দুরকম ভাষা রীতির মিশ্রণ হলে তাকে গুরু চণ্ডালী দোষ বলে।

সাধু ভাষা থেকে চলিত ভাষায় পরিবর্তন করো -

১।আমরা আজ রাত্রে যাত্রা শুনিতে যাইব না।

উ- আমরা আজ রাতে যাত্রা শুনতে যাব না।

২।তোমরা এইখানে কলহ করিতেছ কেন ?

উ- তোমরা এখানে ঝগড়া করছ কেন ?

৩।শিক্ষকমহাশয় , পিতামাতা ও গুরুজনদের কথা সর্বদা মান্য করিবে।

উ- শিক্ষকমশাই , বাবা মা ও গুরুজনদের কথা সবসময় মেনে চলবে।

চলিত ভাষা থেকে সাধুভাষায় পরিবর্তন করো -

১।আগামী কাল তাদের স্কুল বন্ধ থাকবে।

উ- আগামীকাল তাহাদের বিদ্যালয় বন্ধ থাকিবে।

২।তিনি এখানে এসেই আবার চলে গেলেন।

উ- তিনি এইখানে আসিয়া আবার চলিয়া গেলেন।

৩।তুমি এখনও শুয়ে আছ, স্কুলে যাবেনা ?

উ- তুমি এখনও শুইয়া আছ, বিদ্যালয়ে যাইবেনা।

Hindi 2nd lang

काकी

3.” दो घंटे बाद प्रफुल्ल मन से श्याम और बोला अंधेरी कोटरी में बैठे-बैठे पतंग में रस्सी बांध रहे थे ।“

1) श्यामू और भोला प्रफुल्ल मन से पतंग में रखती क्यों बांध रहे थे ?

2) इन दोनों में समझदार कौन था और कैसे ?

3) उनके शुभ कार्य में विघ्न किसने डाला और कैसे ?

4) भोला की बात सुनकर कौन हट बुद्धि होकर खड़ा रह गया और क्यों?

उत्तर-

1) श्यामू और भोला बहुत प्रसन्न थे,क्योंकि उनकी योजना थी कि राम के यहां पतंग भेजकर श्यामू की मां को नीचे उतारेंगे रस्सी इसलिए बांधी जा रही थी ताकि काकी के उतरने से टूटे नहीं ।

2) श्यामू और बोला मैं समझदार बोला था पहले तो यह दोनों पतंग में डोराबांध रहे थे। तभी भुलाने अपनी समझदारी दिखाई यह कर कि पतंग की डोर पतली है।पतंग में मोटी रस्सी बांधनी चाहिए यह बातश्यामू की समझ में आ गई ।

3) अचानक इनके शुभ कार्य में विघ्न की तरह क्रोध में भरे हुए विशेश्वर आ गए।और श्यामू से पूछा कि क्या तुमने मेरे कोर्ट की जेब से ₹1 निकाला है? भोला ने डरकर सारी बात बता दी ।

4) भोला ने बताया कि श्यामू भैया ने रस्सी और पतंग के लिए ₹1 निकाला था यह कहते थे कि पतंग तानकर काकी को राम के यहां से नीचे उतारेंगे ।यह सुनकर विशेष वर हत बुद्धि होकर वही खड़े रह गए ।उन्होंने फटी हुई पतंग उठाकर देखी तो उस पर काकी लिखा हुआ था। उन्हें अपने कृत्य पर बड़ा दुख हुआ।दुखी ह्रदय से सोचा कि श्यामू अपनी मां को भूल नहीं पाया है वह उन्हें कितना चाहता है।

Math

Topic : Algebra.

Chapter : Factorisation.

Study item : Difference of two square a2–b2=(a – b )(a – b )

14) (i) (a + b)3 – a – b

= (a + b)3 – (a + b)

= (a + b){(a + b)2 – 1 }

= (a + b) {(a + b)2 – (1)2}

= (a + b) (a + b +1)(a + b – 1 )

14) (ii) x2 – 2xy + y2 – a2 – 2ab – b2

= ( x2 – 2xy + y2) – (a2 + 2ab + b2)

= (x – y )2 – (a +b )2

= {(x – y ) + (a + b)}{(x – y ) – (a + b)}

=(x – y + a + b)(x – y – a – b )

15)(i) (a2 – b2)(c2– d2) – 4abcd

= a2c2– a2d2 – b2c2 + b2d2 – 4abcd

= a2c2 + b2d2 – a2d2 – b2c2 – 2abcd – 2abcd

= a2c2 – 2abcd + b2d2 – a2d2 – 2abcd – b2c2

= {(ac)2 – 2(ac)(bd) + (bd)2} – (a2d2 + 2abcd + b2c2)

= {(ac)2 – 2(ac)(bd) + (bd)2} –{(ad)2 + 2(ad)(bc) + (bc)2}

= (ac – bd)2 – (ad + bc)2

={(ac – bd ) + (ad + bc)}{(ac – bd) –(ad + bc)}

=(ac – bd + ad +bc)(ac – bd– ad – bc)

15) (ii) 4x2 – y2 – 3xy + 2x – 2y

= x2 + 3x2 – y2 – 3xy + 2x – 2y

= x2 – y2 + 3x2 – 3xy + 2x – 2y

= (x2–y2) + (3x2 – 3xy) + (2x – 2y)

=(x + y)(x – y ) + 3x(x – y ) + 2 (x – y )

= (x – y ){(x + y) +3x +2}

=(x – y )(x + y +3x +2)

=(x – y )(4x + y + 2)

16) (i) x2 + 1/x2 – 11

= {(x)2 + (1/x)2 – 2} – 9

=( x + 1/x )2 – (3)2

={(x + 1/x) + (3)}{(x + 1/x ) – (3)}

=(x + 1/x + 3)(x + 1/x – 3 )

Commercial Studies

Basic Accounting Concepts

In previous study material we have discussed on five basic accounting concept that was •Money Measurement Concept •Going concern concept •Business entity concept •Periodicity concept

•Matching concept

Today we will discuss the remaining accounting concepts that is

• Historical cost concept

• Dual aspect concept

• Full disclosure concept

• Consistency concept

• Materiality concept

• Conservatism concept

•Historical cost concept :

This accounting concept states that all Assets of the firm are entered into the books of accounts at their purchase price.

• Dual aspect concept

According to this concept every transaction that are recorded in the books of account must have a two fold effect that is one will be debit and another will be credit.

• Full disclosure concept

This concept states that all relevant information will be disclosed in the accounting Statesman.

•Consistency concept

Once the company decides on a certain accounting policy it should not be frequently changed. Company should be consistent to its policy.


This states that all material facts must be a part of the accounting process. It depend on the nature, value and significance of transactions.


This accounting concept promotes prudence in accounting. It states that profit should not be included until it is realized.

Economics

Basic concepts of Economics

Today I am going to share some important questions from the topic

• Basic concept of Economics


This states that all material facts must be a part of the accounting process. It depend on the nature, value and significance of transactions.


This accounting concept promotes prudence in accounting. It states that profit should not be included until it is realized.

Question

1) What do you mean by the term capital?

2) Define money.

3) Define income.

4) Explain “All money is not capital”.

5) Write any two differences between capital and wealth.

6) Define the term production.

Subject: Eng Literature (The Merchant of Venice – William Shakespeare)

Topic: Act I, Scene 3, Lines 49 to 84 (Antonio: ….. Or is your gold and silver ewes and lambs)

Date: 20th April, 2020 (5th Period)

[Students should read the original play and also the paraphrase given in the school prescribed textbook]

Summary

Questions & Answers

· While Bassanio and Shylock are talking, Antonio appears on the scene. Shylock does not seem to take any notice of Antonio but goes on brooding within himself how he hates Antonio because of his being a Christian, because he abuses Shylock in public places. Shylock decides that if ever he can get Antonio to his advantage, he will teach him a lesson.

---------------------------------------------------

· Shylock further says that though he does not have three thousand ducats with him but he would collect it from one of his Jewish friends named Tubal and advance the loan.

· Antonio requests Shylock to advance three thousand ducats to Bassanio for a period of three months on Antonio’s personal security. At the same time, Antonio tells Shylock that he is not in the habit of lending or borrowing money on interest.

· Shylock tells Antonio that he does not charge any interest for his loan, but then, he makes money breed money just as Jacob made the ewes of Laban breed lambs for him.

SHYLOCK:No, not take interest; not, as you would say,(L 73-79)Directly interest: mark what Jacob did.When Laban and himself were compromis'dThat all the eanlings which were streak'd and piedShould fall, as Jacob's hire; the ewes, being rank,In the end of autumn turned to the rams:And when the work of generation was,Between these woolly breeders, in the act,The skilful shepherd pill'd me certain wands,And, in the doing of the deed of kind,He stuck them up before the fulsome ewes;Who, then conceiving, did in eaning-timeFall party-colour'd lambs, and those were Jacob's.This was a way to thrive, and he was blest;And thrift is blessing, if men steal it not.

(a) What instance does Shylock quote? What does Shylock want to say through the instance?

Shylock quotes the instance of Jacob from the Bible. It says how Jacob, due to the cleverness of his mother, inherited the property of Abraham although he was not entitled by the law of succession. Shylock means to say that if the Bible permits the taking of interest, why he should not take it.

(b) Who was Jacob?

Jacob was Isaac’s second son. Isaac’s first son was Esau, who sold his birth-right to Jacob for a portion of stew. Rebecca, their mother, worked in favour of Jacob and secured the father’s blessing for him. Rebecca sent Jacob to her brother Laban, partly to save him from Esau’s anger because he had deprived him of his birth-right with the connivance of his mother, more because she wanted Jacob to marry her brother’s daughter Rachel. Jacob had to serve Laban for twenty years and obtained not only his two daughters, Leah and Rachel, in marriage but also some of his flock of sheep.

(c) Why is it advisable to make profits and enrich oneself? What trick did Jacob employ?

It is advisable to make profits and enrich oneself as long as one does not steal to this end. Actually Jacob employed a breeder’s trick to ensure that the off-spring of the best ewes should be streaked and pied.

(d) What request does Antonio make to Shylock while demanding money for Shylock? What does he tell Shylock frankly?

Antonio requests Shylock to advance three thousand ducats to Bassanio for a period of three months on his (Antonio’s) personal security although he tells Shylock frankly that he is not in the habit of lending or borrowing money on interest.

IMPORTANT PASSAGES ESPLAINED:

(L 75-79)When Laban and himself were compromis’dThat all the eanlings which were streak’d and piedShould fall, as Jacob’s hireThis was a way to thrive, and he was blest;And thrift is blessing, if men steal it not.

Context:

These lines are taken from Act I, Scene 3 of The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare. Bassanio, on the suggestion of Antonio, has asked for a loan of three thousand ducats on the latter’s behalf from Shylock. Shylock consents but he just reminds Antonio of the latter’s practice of neither lending nor borrowing upon credit and, when Antonio confirms the Jew’s statement, the Jew justifies charging of interest by quoting from the Old Testament in the above extract.

Explanation:

When Jacob, who was the third in succession from Abraham, decided to quit his uncle Laban’s place, they came to an understanding that Jacob should have, as his wages, as many of his uncle’s lambs as were born streaked and pied (M. spotted). This was a method to gain and Jacob was blessed by God. It is advisable to make profits and enrich oneself as long as one does not steal to this end. Shylock cites his example from the Scripture in order to justify the charging of interest to add to his wealth.

(e) Why does Antonio show annoyance for Shylock? What does Shylock say when Antonio reminds him that he wants money for his friend Bassanio?

Antonio naturally gets very much annoyed with Shylock because he can, like the devil, quote scriptures to serve his own mean purpose. When Antonio reminds Shylock that he wants the money for his friend Bassanio and not for himself, Shylock says that he (Antonio) has been humiliating him in private as well as in public places, and that yet he is now demanding a loan from Shylock.

Class X

Subject

Topic

Summary

Execution

History & Civics

The Union Legislature

The union Legislature in India is called the parliament.It is bicameral in nature.It consists of President and two houses Lok sabha and Rajya sabha.Lok sabha is known as the house of the people and Rajya sabha is known as council of states consists of members indirectly elected by state legislature members.

Answer the following questions:-

1.Why is the Rajya Sabha called a ‘Permanent House’?

Answer: Rajya Sabha is called a ‘Permanent House’ because it is not subject to dissolution, 1/3rd of its members retire every two years and are replaced by new members.

2. State the minimum number of times the Lok Sabha must meet in a year.

Answer: The Lok Sabha should meet at least twice a year. According to Constitutional Provisions, the interval between two consecutive sessions cannot be more than 6 months.

3. Name the two types of authority in a Federal set-up in India.

Answer : The two types of authority in an Indian Federal set-up are:

The Union Government

The State Government.

4. What is meant by the term Universal Adult Franchise?

Answer: Universal Adult Franchise means that, every person above the age of 18 years is entitled to vote and is not to be disqualified on the basis of caste, creed, religion or sex and gender.

5. How is the Speaker of the Lok Sabha elected?

Answer: The Speaker of the Lok Sabha is elected, from amongst its own members.

6. When can the Vice-President cast a vote in the Rajya Sabha?

Answer: The Vice-President has the right to vote only in case of equality of votes i.e., a tie or deadlock. The vote of the Vice-President is a tie-breaking vote.

7. Name the law making body of the Union Government.

Answer: The Parliament is the authorised law making body of the Union Government.

8. What is the difference in the term of office between the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha?

Answer: The term of office of the Lok Sabha is 5 years, whereas that of the Rajya Sabha is 6 years.

9. Name the Bill which cannot originate in the Rajya Sabha.

Answer: A Money Bill cannot originate in the Rajya Sabha.

10. Name the main constituents of the Indian Parliament.

Answer: There are three main constituents of the Indian Parliament.

The President

The Lok Sabha

The Rajya Sabha

11. Mention any one circumstance when the Parliament can make law on a State subject.

Answer: The Parliament can legislate on subjects included in the State List, during the proclamation of an National Emergency.

12. A Legislative Assembly has 230 members. How many members need to be present in order to enable the House to attract its business?

Answer: The minimum number of members required to be present in order to enable the House to transact its business is termed as ‘Quoram’, which is 1/10th of the total strength. In this case of an Assembly having the above strength, 23 members would need to be present.

13. Mention any one situation when both the Houses of Parliament meet for joint sessions.

Answer: Whenever the two Houses differ on an issue (Bill) other than those related to financial matters, the President calls for a joint session of both the House to discuss and to resolve the deadlock.

14. What happens to the ruling government when a Vote of No-confidence is passed against it?

Answer: The passage of No-confidence means that the Parliament has lost its faith on the Government and the Government has to resign as a result.

15. How many members constitute the Rajya Sabha?

Answer: The total strength of the Rajya Sabha is 250 out of which 238 are elected and 12 are nominated by the President.

16. How are the members elected to the Rajya Sabha?

Answer: The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the Members of Legislative Assemblies on the basis of proportional representation with a ‘Single Transferable Vote.’

17. How many members can the President nominate to the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha?

Answer: The President can nominate 2 members from the Anglo-Indian community to the Lok Sabha and 12 members to the Rajya Sabha.

18. Explain the term ‘Quorum’.

Answer: Quoram refers to the minimum number of members required to be present in order to enable the House to transact its business.

19. Mention one advantage of Lok Sabha in that its members are elected directly by the people and therefore, can better address the concerns of the common people.

Answer: The main advantage of Lok Sabha is that its members are elected directly by the people and therefore, can better address the concerns of the common people.

20. What is the term of office of a Rajya Sabha member?

Answer: The term of office of a Rajya Sabha member is 6 years.

21. What is meant by Constituency?

Answer: Constituency is a territorial area which elects its representatives either to the Lok Sabha or to the Legislative Assembly.

22. Name the body that elects the members of the Rajya Sabha.

Answer: The members of the Rajya Sabha are elected by the members of State Legislative Assembly.

23. What is the maximum gap allowed between two Parliamentary sessions?

Answer: According to the Constitution, the gap between two Parliamentary sessions should not exceed 6 months.

24. What is meant by the term ‘Question Hour’ in the context of Parliamentary procedures in India?

Answer: In the context of Parliamentary procedures in India, Question Hour represents the first hour of every working day of the House, in which the members can ask questions from the government on matters of public interests.

25. Who is the ex-officio Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha?

Answer: The Vice-President is the ex-officio Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha.

26. An adult Indian citizen holding an office of profit under the State Government wishes to contest for the election of the Lok Sabha. Is he/she eligible? Give a reason to justify your answer.

Answer: No, he/she is not eligible. According to Constitution, a member of Parliament cannot hold any office of profit under Central or State Government.

27. Mention one privilege of a Member of Parliament.

Answer: The Right to Freedom of Speech is applied to a broader view to the MPs. They cannot be questioned in a Court of Law in regard to the speech made by them in the Parliament.

28. What is the procedure adopted for resolving a deadlock between the two Houses of Parliament with regard to an ordinary Bill?

Answer: The procedure so adopted, is the call for a joint sitting by the President to resolve the deadlock.

29. What is the constitutional provision with regard to the representation of the Anglo-India community in the Lok Sabha?

Answer: The President can nominate 2 members from the community, if he/she feels that the community is not adequately represented.

30. Discuss the relationship between the two Houses of the Parliament with reference to the Money Bill.

Answer: A Money Bill cane originates in the Lok Sabha only. After the Bill gets passed by the Lok Sabha, it is then sent to Rajya Sabha for recommendations, which it must send back within 14 days. The Bill then comes to the Lok Sabha again, which is upon them to either accept or reject any of the recommendations. In financial matters, the Rajya Sabha has only an advisory role.

31. What is the maximum strength of the Lok Sabha provided by the Constitution? How are members of the Lok Sabha elected?

Answer: According to Constitutional Provisions, the strength of the Lok Sabha should not exceed above 552 members. The members of the Lok Sabha are elected directly by the people on the basis of Universal Adult Franchise.

32. Mention three Legislative powers of Union Parliament.

Answer : The Legislative powers of the Parliament are exclusive in following subjects:

Matters in the Union List.

Matters in the Residuary List

Ordinance power of the President must be approved by the Parliament.

In matters of the Concurrent List, if both the Parliament and State Legislatures make law on a subject, the Parliament law will ultimately prevail.

The Union Parliament can legislate in subjects of the State List during proclamation of an Emergency.

33. Mention three Financial powers of the Union Parliament.

Answer: The financial powers of the Union Parliament are as follows:

The Budget of the Union is passed by the Parliament.

The salaries and allowances of MPs and Ministers are determined by the Parliament.

No taxes can be imposed unless approved by the Parliament.

34. Mention two ways in which the Lok Sabha can control the Executive.

Answer: The Lok Sabha can control the Executive via Interpellation and can also pass a resolution in matters of public interest. Other methods to control the Executive are through the vote of No-confidence, Adjournment Motion or via Monetary Control.

35. Explain three reasons to justify why the Lok Sabha is considered to be more powerful than the Rajya Sabha.

Answer: The members of the Lok Sabha are elected directly by the people. It enjoys superiority over Rajya Sabha in the following matters:

Motions of No-confidence can only be introduced and passed in the Lok Sabha.

Money Bills can only be introduced in the Lok Sabha and they enjoy superior position, in financial matter.

In case of a deadlock, the will of the Lok Sabha prevails due to its larger strength.

36. Mention three functions of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha.

Answer : The three functions of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha are as follows:

The Speaker decides whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not.

He/She appoints Chairman of all the Parliamentary Committees.

He/She after consulting the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, nominates the personnel for Parliamentary delegations to various countries.

37. Mention the judicial powers of the Parliament.

Answer : Judicial powers of the Parliament are as follows:

The Parliament can remove the judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.

The Parliament can punish a person for its contempt of or for obstructing the work of the Parliament.

The Parliament has the right to remove the President through impeachment process and also has the right to remove the Vice-President.

38. Mention three instances when the Parliament can make laws on the subject entered in the State List.

Answer : The instances when the Parliament can make laws on the subject entered in the State List are:

Rajya Sabha, under Article 249, may pass a resolution which authorises the Parliament to make law on a subject mentioned in the State List which it considers of national importance.

The Parliament can legislate on matters on State List, during proclamation of a National Emergency.

When two or more states by resolution request the Parliament to legislate on a subject given on State List. The act made by the Parliament would be applicable to consenting states only

39. Explain the composition of the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.

Answer: Composition of the Lok Sabha – The Constitution provides for a maximum strength of 552 members, out of which 530 are elected from the states and 20 from the Union Territories on the basis of Universal Adult Franchise. President nominates 2 members from Anglo-Indian community.

Composition of the Rajya Sabha – Out of the total strength of 250, 238 members are elected indirectly by the States and the UTs and 12 members are nominated by the President.

40. With reference to the Indian Parliament explain the following powers to make laws on the subject mentioned in the:

a) Union List

b) Concurrent List

Answer: a) Union List – The Parliament has exclusive powers to make laws with respect to matters mentioned in the Union List. If emergency is proclaimed throughout the country or in any state, then all the lists will come under the centre and Parliament will make laws on all the subject lists.

b) Concurrent List – On subjects mentioned in Concurrent List, both the Parliament and the State Legislatures can legislate. If a conflict occurs between State and Centre, then Centre will be overruled on the State law.

41. Explain any three of the Rajya Sabha’s power in India’s Federal set-up.

Answer : The powers of the Rajya Sabha in India’s Federal set-up are as follows:

Rajya Sabha can authorize the Parliament to make law on subject mentioned in State List by passing a resolution with 2/3rd majority.

The Rajya Sabha may declare that the creation of new All India Services be made in the national interest.

If the Lok Sabha is dissolved before or after emergency proclamation, the Rajya Sabha takes over the functions of the Parliament.

42. What are the qualifications necessary to become a member of the Rajya Sabha?

Answer : The qualifications for membership of the Rajya Sabha are as follows:

He/She should be an Indian citizen.

He/She should be at least 30 years of age.

He/She should have his/her name in the electoral roll in some part of the country.

He/She should not be an insolvent.

He/She should not hold any office of profit under the Central or the State Government.

He/She should not be a proclaimed criminal.

He/She should be of a sound mind.

43. Describe the Legislative and Financial Powers of the Rajya Sabha.

Answer : Legislative powers of the Rajya Sabha are as follows:

The Parliament enjoys exclusive right to make laws on subjects enumerated in the Union List and Residuary List. The Rajya Sabha by passing a resolution can authorize the Parliament to legislate on subjects mentioned in the State List.

If the Lok Sabha is in a dissolved state, the Rajya Sabha takes over the functions of the Parliament during the Emergency proclamation.

Financial powers of the Rajya Sabha are as follows:

Rajya Sabha enjoys only an advisory role in financial matters. A Money Bill after being passed from the Lok Sabha comes to the Rajya Sabha which they have to return within 14 days with or without recommendation. It is up to the Lok Sabha to accept or reject all or any of the recommendation.

44. What are the functions of the Lok Sabha’s Speaker?

Answer : The role of the Speaker may be categorized under the following heads:

a) The Business of the House

The Speaker presides over the meeting of the House.

All Bills passed by the House must be signed by the Speaker before being sent to the Rajya Sabha or President.

He decides on the qualifications of the motions, resolutions and questions.

Speaker is the sole authority to decide whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not.

b) Administrative Functions

He receives all the petitions, documents in the House and communicates the decisions to concerned authority.

He regulates the admission of visitors and press correspondents to the galleries of the House.

c) Disciplinary Functions

The responsibility to maintain order in the House lies with the Speaker and he may take actions against members who become unruly.

The case related to contempt or breach of privileges is decided by the Speaker.

In matters relating to defection, the Constitution says that the Speaker’s decision shall be final and in this regard, he is not answerable to any Court of Law.

d) Parliamentary Committees

He is the ex-officio Chairman to many of the Committees.

He appoints the Chairman of all the Committees and directs the rules and procedures to be followed.

e) Miscellaneous Functions

He presides over the joint sitting of the Parliament.

He nominates personnel for Parliamentary delegation to various countries, after consultation with the

Documents

· Web viewSubject. Topic. Summary. Execution. Hindi . व्याकरण. रंगों के नाम. 1.लाल 2. पीला 3.नीला 4. हरा 5