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Cells

Plants and animals are made up of millions of tiny parts called cells. Cells

have even tinier parts that do different jobs to keep cells alive.

Cell is the smallest part of a living thing that can carry out all the processes of life.

Ex. cells take in nutrients- the materials they need to live and grow. They also get rid of wastes.

Too tiny to be seen without a microscope.

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Animal Cells

1. Cell Membrane surrounds and protects the cell allows water and nutrients to pass into the cell. Also allows waste to pass out of the cell.

2. Cytoplasm inside the cell membrane - “cell liquid” between the membrane and nucleus.

3. Nucleus located in the center of the cell and controls the cell’s growth. Is called an organelle, or “little organ”

4. Organelle A small structure that does a certain job. Jobs- releasing energy, builds/transports proteins or removes waste. Float in the cytoplasm.

Nucleus Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm

Organelles

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Plant Cells

1. Cell wall surrounds the plant cell Protects the cell and helps the plant to keep its shape.

2. Cell membrane allows water and nutrients to pass into the cell. Also allows waste to pass out of the cell.

3. Nucleus located in the center of the cell and controls the cell’s growth. This is like the “brain” of the cell.

4. Chloroplasts Use light energy from the sun to make food for the plant. Contain green chemical called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll absorbs, or takes in, the energy of sunlight.

5. Cytoplasm jelly-like substance that fills the rest of the plant cell Most of the cell’s work takes place here.

Cell Wall

Cell Membrane Nucleus

Chloroplasts

Cytoplasm

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Parts of Plant and Animal Cells

Cell Part

Function Plants

Animals

Nucleus Controls the cells growth Yes Yes

Cell Membrane

Allows materials to move in and out Yes Yes

Cell Wall Helps keep its shape Yes No

Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance Yes Yes

Chloroplasts Produce food for plants Yes No

Organelles Parts that do different jobs Yes Yes

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Single-Celled Organisms Plants, animals and humans are made up of millions of tiny cells (multi-celled organisms)Some organisms are made up of only one cell (single-celled organisms)

1. Single-celled organisms are simple life forms Include: bacteria, amoebas and others.

They move, find food, grow, and make new organisms.

2. Bacteria are one-celled organisms that do NOT have a nucleus. The material that is usually in a nucleus can be found all over the cytoplasm

instead. More bacteria on earth than any other living thing Some bacteria is helpful, and some is harmful. One handful of soil can contain billions of bacteria.

3. Amoebas are a kind of single-celled organism. They live everywhere including pond water, saltwater, animals, and humans Amoebas have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus They move by:changing their shape.

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Single-Celled Organisms

4. Algae are plant-like organisms that Live in water, moist places, and under rocks Among the oldest things on earth! Algae have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and chloroplast. Algae produce most of the oxygen that you breathe!

5. How do single-celled organisms move? Tail-like parts called flagella Hairlike structures called cilia Paramecium also use their cilia to get food

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Multi-Celled Organisms Multi-celled organism is made of up of more than one cell.

Plants, animals and other living things. Made up of different kinds of cells that have certain jobs to do. Muscle cells, white blood cells, and nerve cells For example: the cells that make up your heart work together

to move oxygen and blood to other cells throughout your body.

Nerve Cell

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Harmful Microorganisms

A microorganism is a living thing that is too small to be seen without a microscope. • Microorganisms live everywhere on Earth. • Soil, air and water

o Bacteria make up the largest group of microorganisms – Fungi, algae, protozoa (amoebas and paramecium)

Harmful Microorganisms

Some harmful bacteria such as Salmonella or E Coli can make you sick.

Harmful bacteria can be found in: Raw chick and other meat, raw eggs and other foods.

A virus is another microorganism that causes diseases

smaller than bacteria NOT a living thing. Viruses cause diseases, and they change as they reproduce Examples: Colds, flu, and chicken pox. Medicine that kills one virus cannot kill another virus.

Fungi is another harmful microorganism

Causes diseases in plants and infections in people. Example: athletes foot, make food spoil (bread mold) Fungus rots food and wood

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Helpful Microorganisms We could NOT live without Microorganisms.

E-coli helps your body digest, or break down, the food you eat. o Ex. Bacteria helps cows digest grass; termites could not digest the

wood they chew without bacteria.

Humans use microorganisms to make certain foods. o Turn milk into cheese and yogurt. o Yeast to make dough rise

Bacteria and fungi are decomposers Without it, Earth would be covered with a layer of dead plants and

animals.

Algae are the main producers. Source of food and energy for living things. Puts oxygen into the air for animals to breathe.

Protozoa are helpful too. They are food for animals that live in water. Help remove harmful wastes from sewage at water treatment plants.

Living with Microorganisms Wash your hands after cooking.

Antibiotics: medicines that cure diseases caused by bacteria.

o Kill harmful bacteria, but can kill helpful bacteria too.

o Eating yogurt can help put back the helpful bacteria.

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Vocabulary – Words to Know1. Cell : the smallest part of a living thing that can carry

out all the processes of life. 2. Cell membrane : a covering that surrounds and

protects a cell. It controls what enters and leaves the cell.

3. Cytoplasm : a thick fluid that fills most of the space inside a cell.

4. Nucleus : the “brain” of the cell. Directs the cell’s activities.

5. Organelle : a small structure that does a certain job. 6. Cell wall : a stiff covering outside the cell membrane of

a plant cell. 7. Chloroplast : an organelle in plant cells that uses light

energy to make food. 8. Single-celled : made up of only one cell. 9. Bacteria : single-celled organisms that do not have a

nucleus. 10. Multi-celled : made up of more than one cell. 11. Microorganisms : an organism that is too small to be

seen without a microscope. 12. Antibiotic : a medicine that kills harmful bacteria.

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