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NAF Graphic Design

Lesson 12Images

Teacher Resources

Resource Description

Teacher Resource 12.1 Sample Images: Images That Express Meaning (separate PDF file)

Teacher Resource 12.2 Presentation and Notes: Raster and Vector Graphics (includes separate PowerPoint file)

Teacher Resource 12.3 Images: Strawberries.jpg, Zebras.jpg (separate ZIP file)

Teacher Resource 12.4 Assessment Criteria: CD Cover

Teacher Resource 12.5 Key Vocabulary: Images

Teacher Resource 12.6 Bibliography: Images

Copyright © 2011–2015 NAF. All rights reserved.

NAF Graphic DesignLesson 12 Images

Teacher Resource 12.2

Presentation Notes: Raster and Vector Graphics

Before you show this presentation, use the text accompanying each slide to develop presentation notes. Writing the notes yourself enables you to approach the subject matter in a way that is comfortable to you and engaging for your students. Make this presentation as interactive as possible by stopping frequently to ask questions and encourage class discussion.

This presentation explains the difference between raster and vector graphics and clarifies when each type of graphic is appropriate.



A raster image uses a grid of individual pixels; each pixel can be a different color or shade.

Vector graphics use mathematical relationships between points and the paths connecting them to describe an image.

Fonts are a type of vector graphic. Notice that the words RED LOBSTER are smooth in both images, even if you increase the size of the image.



In a raster graphic, the file saves a bunch of pixel color designations to create the image. “Scaling” means to enlarge or reduce an image in size. When you enlarge the image, there aren’t enough pixels to make it look smooth. The jagged appearance of raster images can be partially overcome with the use of antialiasing. Raster images require higher resolutions and antialiasing for a smooth appearance.



Scaling a raster image to a smaller size doesn’t have any effect. In fact, when you do this, you are effectively increasing the ppi (pixels per inch) of the image, so it will print clearer.



Vector images are made up of many individual, scalable objects. Vector images are defined by mathematical equations rather than pixels, so they always render at the highest quality. Because vector images are scalable, the lines remain the same when you increase or decrease the size of the image. The lines remain the same both on screen and in print. No matter how large or small you scale a vector image, the image is always crisp.

Objects may consist of lines, curves, and shapes with editable attributes such as color, fill, and outline. When you change the attributes of a vector image, it does not change the image itself. You can also modify a vector object by transforming it, using a free transformation tool in a program like Photoshop.

Fonts are a type of vector image.



Photoshop has six shape tools: Rectangle, Rounded Rectangle, Ellipse, Polygon, Line, and Custom Shape. These can be used to create vector shapes or raster shapes.

Photoshop’s vector tools also allow you to apply bitmapped textures to objects, giving them a photo-realistic appearance. You can create soft blends, transparency, and shading that once was difficult to achieve in vector drawing programs.



When deciding between raster and vector format, think about what you want your final, printed design to look like.

The main disadvantage of vector graphics is that they are unsuitable for producing photo-realistic imagery. Vector images are usually made up of solid areas of color or gradients. They cannot depict the continuous subtle tones of a photograph. That’s why most of the vector images you see tend to have a cartoon-like appearance. However, vector images tend to be much more effective as icons and logos (without having to fall into the unfortunate category of “cartoon-like”). Vector graphics reproduce more predictably, especially in less refined printing processes.

Remember that all scanned images and all images from digital cameras are raster images. Common raster image formats include BMP, GIF, JPEG/JPG, PNG, PCX, TIFF, and PSD (Adobe Photoshop).

Common vector image formats include EPS (Encapsulated Postscript), AI (Adobe Illustrator), CDR (CorelDraw), CGM (Computer Graphics Metafile), DXF (AutoCAD), and WMF (Windows Metafile).




Assessment Criteria: CD CoverStudent Name:______________________________________________________________

Date:_______________________________________________________________________

Using the following criteria, assess whether the student met each one.

Met Partially Met

Didn’t Meet

The creative brief shows a clear understanding of who the musician is, who the target audience is, and what the message of the CD is.

□ □ □

Thumbnails show that skilled and thoughtful planning work was put into the design. □ □ □Vector graphics are used effectively to enhance the CD cover design. □ □ □Stock image photography is used effectively in the CD cover design. □ □ □The cover adheres to the principles of graphic design (unity, balance, proximity, alignment, repetition, and contrast).

□ □ □

Color is used effectively to communicate the message. □ □ □Typography is used effectively to communicate the message. □ □ □The design is unique and memorable and an accurate representation of the musician. □ □ □

Additional Comments:

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________




Key Vocabulary: Images

Term Definition

commissioned photography An arrangement in which the designer envisions an image and the photographer captures the exact image the designer requests. Commissioned photographs are shot either on location or in a studio.

exclusive-rights images An arrangement whereby the owner (or purchaser) of an image is the only one who has the right to use the picture.

raster graphic An image composed of a grid of individual pixels, and each pixel can be a different color or shade. Photos are raster images.

rights-managed images An arrangement whereby the owner (or purchaser) of an image is the only one who has the right to use the image for a set period of time. This is to prevent two companies from using the same image at the same time. Typically, rights-managed images are higher quality than royalty-free images.

royalty-free images Purchased images that can be used for multiple layouts or projects.

stock photography High-quality photographs available for download from a multitude of websites. Most stock photography sites contain thousands of photographs that are searchable by keyword. Stock photography images can be rights-managed or royalty-free.

vector graphic An image that is described using mathematical relationships between points and the paths that connect the points. The vector file saves directions to draw the image. Each time the image is rendered, the lines and fills are redrawn so that the images are always crisp.




Bibliography: ImagesThe following sources were used in the preparation of this lesson and may be useful for your reference or as classroom resources. We check and update the URLs annually to ensure that they continue to be useful.

PrintHarrington, Richard. Understanding Adobe Photoshop CS4. Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press, 2009.

Hembree, Ryan. The Complete Graphic Designer. Beverly, MA: Rockport Publishers, 2008.

Landa, Robin. Graphic Design Solutions, 3rd ed. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning, 2006.

Williams, Robin. The Non-Designer’s Design Book, 3rd ed. Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press, 2008.

OnlineAIGA: The Professional Association for Design, http://www.aiga.org/ (accessed July 1, 2015).

Corbis Images, http://www.corbisimages.com/ (accessed July 1, 2015).

Fotosearch, http://www.fotosearch.com/ (accessed July 1, 2015).

Getty Images, http://www.gettyimages.com/ (accessed July 1, 2015).

iStockphoto, http://www.istockphoto.com/ (accessed July 1, 2015).

Masterfile, http://www.masterfile.com/ (accessed July 1, 2015).

Pizzi, Matthew. “Shape Tools.” Adobe Photoshop CC tutorial, 8:47. December 10, 2013. https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/how-to/photoshop-vector-shape-tools.html (accessed July 1, 2015).

Raster Vector Free Images, http:// www.rastervector.com/resources/free/free.html (accessed July 1, 2015).

Shutterstock Images, http://www.shutterstock.com/ (accessed July 1, 2015).

Veer, http://www.veer.com/ (accessed June 4, 2014).

Wikimedia Commons, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page (accessed July 1, 2015).

“Wikipedia: Public domain image resources.” Wikipedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Public_domain_image_resources (accessed July 1, 2015).


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Public_domain_image_resources

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page

http://www.veer.com/

http://www.shutterstock.com/

http://www.rastervector.com/resources/free/free.html

https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop/how-to/photoshop-vector-shape-tools.html

http://www.masterfile.com/

http://www.istockphoto.com/

http://www.gettyimages.com/

http://www.fotosearch.com/

http://www.corbisimages.com/

http://www.aiga.org/

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curriculum.naf.orgcurriculum.naf.org/packaged/assets/downloads/shared... · Web viewPhotoshop’s vector tools also allow you to apply bitmapped textures to objects, giving them a