€¦ · Web viewNot to be reproduced or redistributed without express permission from Amego, Inc. Rev. 7/27/18 p. BACB EXAM PREP MOCK EXAM. Task List 4 . Michael Weinberg, Ph.D.,

BACB EXAM PREP MOCK EXAMTask List 4

Michael Weinberg, Ph.D., BCBA-D

1. You are a BCBA and have a new client referred to you for consultation for food sensitivities, meal refusals, and possible food and other allergies. What is the most appropriate initial step of your assessment?

a. Systematic manipulation of some variableb. Records reviewc. Nothing - the behavior is not change worthyd. Conduct an IQ test

2. You find that one of your clients has a substantial anxiety reaction when going out to the playground. You hypothesize that there is some kind of respondent conditioning process occurring and you want to attempt a respondent extinction procedure. This likely would involve

a. Social extinction - ignore the child when he displays behaviors defined as “anxious” b. Escape extinction - do not let the child escape from the playground c. Have the child go out to the playground gradually & use relaxation exercises d. Have the child play with other children while in the playground and ignore the behaviors.

3. The philosophy of determinism, as applied to the analysis of behavior, assumes that behavior is:

a. subject to random occurrences. b. caused by some event or combination of events. c. a cause of other events. d. determined by the will of the person.

4. You take an initial baseline on "in seat" behavior. You then implement a token economy in which in seat behavior is reinforced with tokens. Your treatment team decides to demonstrate the efficacy of the token system and recommends an A-B-C-B reversal design. Which of the following is an example of such a design?

a. In the 3rd phase, stop implementing the token systemb. In the 3rd phase, present tokens for out of seat behaviorc. Present the tokens for in seat behavior in another settingd. Implement a schedule of less frequent tokens in phase 3

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5. You are talking with a staff member about a client's behavior, and that staff tells you that the client exhibited a tantrum the other day. You wish to set up a program, but you realize that you will need consent to do it. What are the three elements needed?

a. capacity, informed, voluntarinessb. informed, voluntariness, older than 18 years oldc. no coercion, cost/benefits, approvald. informed, approval, legal age

6. Describe how a DRI schedule might be used to decrease the frequency of walking around and bothering other workers at the work site.

a. Have the person earn a reinforcer contingent on the absence of bothering othersb. Provide a reinforcer contingent on working diligently and quietly at his seatc. Move his seat away from others and make it somewhat "isolated."d. Reinforce appropriate asking to visit others

7. You are having trouble getting Kenny on the van. Apparently, the action is effortful, as he has to climb up the stairs, which gives him trouble. In fact, he has actually given up even trying. Using behavioral momentum, how can this be treated?

a. Provide a reinforcer for getting on the van.b. Prompt him briskly down the hall and release him right before he reaches the steps of the van.

Then fade the release point backwards.c. Give a reinforcer for some low effort actions then give the direction to "get on the van."d. Give small reinforcers for just looking at the van, then slowly increase the size of the reinforcer

as he begins getting up to walk toward the van.

8. You are working with a child who dislikes being given physical assistance to complete tasks. You tell him that you will count to 5 and if he is does not perform the matching task you are working on, you will provide physical assistance. If the child resumes the matching task while you are counting, you stop the counting, and do not provide physical assistance. This is an example of:

a. Escapeb. Avoidance c. Positive reinforcementd. Stimulus fading


9. If the child in the above scenario does not get back on task when you count to 5, you provide physical assistance. He immediately resumes the task when you initiate the physical assistance and so you discontinue providing the assistance and the matching behavior continues. This situation is best described as _________.

a. Escape b. Avoidance c. Positive reinforcementd. Negative punishment

10. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective punishment?

a. FR1b. Unpaired with reinforcementc. Slowly increasing the intensity of the punisher over time d. Ensure alternative ways of obtaining the reinforcer

11. A child is having a tantrum in your classroom. You believe that the tantrum is occurring for your attention. You then ignore the tantrum until it ceases while continuing daily activities. You note that the tantrums decrease over time. Your procedure is best identified as:

a. Punishmentb. Motivating operationc. Timeout from reinforcementd. Extinction

Please use the following scenario (and the additional scenario information added as indicated) for questions 12 through 28:

You have been asked to consult on a case involving a 10 year old girl who engages in some severe SIB at home, such as scratching her head, banging her head, and poking her eyes. She lives at home with her mother and father. She does not speak but will take her parents by the hand and show them things that she wants. She seems to be able to perform many tasks, but the SIB interferes with many activities.

For example, she engages in high-rate SIB during meals.

12. Select the most reasonable first step in the treatment process.

a. Quickly design a program to address the SIBb. Recommend counseling regarding her self-esteem c. Conduct interviews with the parents and ask for any records that are availabled. Conduct interviews with her teachers and ask for any records that are available


13. You wish to conduct some descriptive analyses. Which of the following is NOT a rationale for such an activity?

a. To determine functional relationsb. To provide information that might lead to a functional relationshipc. To examine patterns of the behaviord. To generate hypotheses about the behavior

14. According to the literature on functional analysis, when data show responding across the conditions is undifferentiated, it is often concluded that the function is

a. Attentionb. Automatic Reinforcementc. Undeterminedd. Escape maintained

15. To conduct your descriptive analysis, you realize that someone should consent to the process. From whom should you obtain consent?

a. The childb. The parentsc. The teachersd. Both the child and the parents

16. During your assessment interviews the child in the vignette, who is engaging in self-injurious behavior, the parents report that the behavior began about 2 years ago when the child was afflicted with a serious intestinal bacterial infection. What should be your next step?

a. Include that fact in your analysisb. Immediately ask for a medical exam that looks at the status of the infectionc. Conduct a functional analysis of the current reinforcersd. Devise a behavior plan to address the SIB

17. One of the tools that you wish to use is a pattern analysis. Which best exemplifies this method?

a. Have the parents record a narrative during the day so that you can examine the behavior and the situations under which it occurs.

b. Have the parents record behaviors and the time that they occur during the dayc. Set up an ABC format sheet and have the parents record behaviord. Allow the parents to tally the data frequencies and the antecedents they observed


18. From your descriptive analysis, you generate many kinds of information. You would like to have some rate data across days. How might you do this?

a. Plot the number of occurrences of the behaviorb. Count the number of occurrences and plot them by the situation in which they occurredc. Count the number of occurrences and divide by the recording time each dayd. Count the number of occurrences and multiply it by the dependent variable

Continuing the scenario started at question 12, use the following information for questions 19 through 21:

The results of your descriptive analysis suggest that the SIB occurs when the mother is not in close proximity to the child. Thus, she begins to injure herself anytime the mother leaves her side. Data also show that in general, SIB is followed by mother returning to the child.

19. You wish to do some systematic manipulations to confirm the hypothesis. Which of the following best exemplifies this?

a. Collect and organize ABC data to determine your hypothesis statement b. Conduct sessions where mom provides comfort when SIB occurs then have her leave the child's

side for 15 seconds c. Conduct a FAST and MAS interview and determine function based on the resultsd. Examine SIB in and out of task demand situations

20. Which of the following is the best rationale for conducting a systematic manipulation in this case?

a. To collect all of the information possible about the SIBb. To provide the most reliable information about the function of the SIBc. To provide external validity informationd. To provide some inductive reasoning for the assessment

21. In the systematic manipulation, you indeed see that the child quickly engages in SIB as soon as the mom leaves her side. In fact, it starts up within 10 seconds after the mom gets up to leave and ceases once the mother returns to her side. These results support a/an ___________ function:

a. Tangibleb. Attentionc. Escaped. Automatic


Continuing the scenario started at question 12, use the following information for questions 22 through 28:

Your systematic manipulations confirm that the behavior occurs whenever the mom leaves the child's side. The next step is to design an intervention.

22. Which of the following is the best approach to design an intervention?

a. Slowly fade the mom's presence from the childb. Teach the child to engage in activities without mom close by. Use food as the reinforcer.c. Teach the child a FERB and to engage in activities without mom close by. Use proximity to mom

as the reinforcer.d. Reinforce not engaging in SIB and use overcorrection.

23. You would like to use a reinforcer for independent functioning. The question is how long do you ask her to perform these activities before the reinforcer is delivered? What kind of data do you need to answer that question?

a. Latency of SIB after mom leaves b. Duration of SIB episodes c. Rate datad. Trails to criterion

24. A main question is how to address the SIB as well as what to do when the SIB occurs. Select the best, most reasonable approach in this case.

a. Overcorrection in which the child practices signing for mom's attentionb. Implement exclusionary timeout each time SIB occurs and implement a DRO for SIBc. Decrease the mother’s proximity, block SIB, teach the child to mand for attention from mom d. Ignore the SIB until it extinguishes

25. Another variable that you wish to study is sleep patterns. You are guessing that when she does not sleep well, the SIB becomes more violent. This is what type of variable?

a. SD b. MOc. CSd. CR


26. Another potentially important variable is sugar ingestion. It appears that when she has not had candy or other sweet treats for a period of time, proximity to mom as a reinforcer becomes more important, and the SIB can be more severe. This variable shows the effects of a(n):

a. Sd b. CMO-Tc. CMO-Rd. CMO-S

27. A related problem that you have discovered is that the child sleeps in her bed at night until about midnight, at which time she wakes up, goes to the bathroom, and then goes to her parents' bed for the remainder of the night. When her mother prompts her back to bed, SIB occurs. Keeping in mind the results of the assessment, select the most reasonable approach to get her to sleep in her own bed for the entire night.

a. Ask her to sleep in her bed. When she wakes up and attempts to go to her parents' bed, re-direct her back to her bed. Remain in the bedroom until she falls back asleep.

b. Ask her to sleep in her bed. When she wakes up and attempts to go to her parents' bed, perform an overcorrection procedure in which she practices going from the bathroom to the bedroom with parental assistance. Deliver praise after the procedure is terminated.

c. Ask her to sleep in her bed. Have the mother go into her bedroom about 11:30 pm and praise after a period of time has elapsed. Continue this throughout the night, as needed, until she goes to sleep again.

d. Ask her to sleep in her bed. When she wakes up and goes to the bathroom, the parent should prompt her to her bedroom and then give her praise/proximity for going to bed. Block SIB if it occurs and assist her back to bed. Then go into the bedroom periodically and praise her for staying in bed. If the child goes to the parents' bedroom, re-direct to her bedroom as indicated above.

28. Fortunately, treatment is progressing nicely. The child is beginning to function more independently, sleep through the night, and generally cooperate with the daily schedule. Moreover, you see that some other potential reinforcers might be emerging. To assess this, how might you survey these?

a. Interview the teachersb. Ask the childc. Lay out some food, toys and activities and track which she selectsd. Fill out a FAST

(End of Scenario)


29. You have conducted a multiple baseline design in which a treatment for hand mouthing and hair pulling was the independent variable, and the treatment was presented sequentially across different behaviors. What kind of phenomenon might create an interpretational problem in this kind of design?

a. A failure of the behavior to return to baseline levelsb. problems in inter-observer agreementc. Response generalizationd. Stimulus generalization

30. Select a procedure for promoting response generalization.

a. When training self-feeding, use different kinds of utensils that require varying techniques to use them

b. When training hand washing, train in different bathrooms that have different "looks." c. Train loosely in the acquisition phase to avoid overly narrow stimulus control over the

learned behaviors.d. Reinforce behavior in one situation and extinguish all other topographies.

31. Select the best example that shows the effects of an MO.

a. A child begins to whine when his mom walks in the room.b. A child steals drinks after eating salty foods.c. A teenager talks street talk when with his friends.d. A mom smiles when her child tells her thank you

32. Select a procedure that exemplifies discrimination training:

a. When training hand washing, train in different bathrooms that have different "looks" b. Reinforce behavior when a specific verbal cue is provided, and do not reinforce the behavior in

the presence of other cuesc. Train the behavior on FR1 first then observe the child on a VR4 schedule.d. Vary the verbal cues and reinforce responding in an intermittent schedule

33. Select the best example of a scenario in which the response occurs following a discriminative stimulus:

a. A person becomes upset when he is presented with a taskb. A child says "fine" when a stranger says: "How are you?"c. A student becomes nervous upon entering the exam roomd. A child’s eyes water when onions are being cut in the room


34. Select the best example of a situation resulting from effects of a Conditioned Stimulus.

a. A child cries when put in time-outb. A person's heart races after ingesting a Coke.c. A person's heart races just before receiving a shot.d. A child takes the long way home to avoid going home to his abusive mother

35. Select the best behavioral objective.

a. Linda will decrease head hitting. b. Linda will learn to brush her teeth, based on the information provided by the group home

operator, the office manager, and the nurse.c. Susan will learn to do her laundry, based on information given by the group home parent, the

PM trainer, and the transition coordinator.d. Susan will learn to do her laundry to 90% criteria for four consecutive weeks, based on

information given by the group home parent, the PM trainer, and the transition coordinator.

36. A mechanic is working on an engine and sees a bolt that requires a crescent wrench. He asks his assistant to get the wrench for him. The sight of the bolt is a __________ with regard to accessing the crescent wrench.a) Sd

b) Reinforcerc) MOd) S-Delta

37. A behavior occurs in environments other than the one in which the behavioral techniques were applied, or affects other behaviors not directly treated. We say that the training effects have:

a) conceptualizedb) generalizedc) consolidatedd) generality

38. Which of the following is not “a behavior” from a behavior analyst’s perspective?

a) frustrationb) hitting c) cursingd) spitting


39. A child is removed from the classroom whenever she is disruptive by talking to other students or makes jokes during times students are expected to be involved in reading tasks. The behavior increases in the following weeks. It is likely that removal from the class functions as:

a) positive reinforcementb) negative reinforcementc) positive punishmentd) negative punishment

40. A resident of a group home takes out the trash independently for the first time when you make a verbal request. You provide descriptive praise and the behavior is observed to increase in the future. You have used what procedure?

a) negative reinforcementb) negative punishmentc) positive reinforcementd) CS-US pairing

41. If a study's written description of a procedure is sufficiently complete and detailed to enable others to replicate the procedure, the study is:

a) empiricalb) technologicalc) parsimoniousd) conceptually systematic

42. To select a target behavior for an adult, a behavior analyst should consider:

a) Behavior that would assist in living in large group homesb) Behaviors that the relatives wish to see learnedc) Behaviors that are likely to be reinforced in the client's present or future environment.d) The amount of reinforcement it will require

43. To prioritize behaviors exhibited by a particular individual, which of the following would be the most compelling consideration? a) How much it will cost to change the behaviorb) Danger to the client's safetyc) How difficult it will be to change the behaviord) Wishes of the parents


44. When an observer notes everything the client does or says as well as events before and after the episode of client behavior, he/she is using:

a) A stopwatchb) Permanent product recordingc) ABC recordingd) Whole interval recording

45. If an experimental design is described as A-B-A-B, we can assume that the B condition differs from the A condition with respect to the:

a) Dependent variableb) Independent variablec) Abscissad) Duration

46. A teacher tells her class that if they complete all their work in the next hour, there will be no homework assignment for that evening. This arrangement is a _____________________.

a) Negative Reinforcerb) CMO-Tc) CMO-Rd) CMO-S

47. A study of the effects of a DRI on talk-outs includes a baseline phase, then DRI, back to baseline, and then the DRI procedure is re-implemented. This design is best identified as

a) Multiple baselineb) Multi-element.c) Withdrawal d) Reversal

48. A study has external validity if:

a) Its findings are generalizable to other settings, populations, or individuals.b) Its findings are valid for the subjects studied.c) If the changes in behavior appear in untrained responses.d) If the changes in behavior appear in untrained environments.


49. A parent offers her child a choice of one of two reinforcers: Snickers or Milky Way but tells him he must clean his room first to get the Snickers bar and must take out the trash for the Milky Way bar if he selects that one. This arrangement would best be identified as a _________ schedule. a) Alternative b) Conjoint c) Concurrent d) Concurrent Chain

50. Direct replication is necessary to:

a) Increase confidence that the IV caused the changes in the DVb) Study whether the results would be obtained in other situations.c) Study whether other populations could benefit from the interventiond) Increase confidence that response measures used measured what they were supposed to.

51. It is desirable to use the multiple baseline design when:

a) The behavior is likely to be irreversibleb) The experimenter needs to quickly find an effective interventionc) You want the most powerful designd) The behaviors have not been assessed with a functional analysis

52. An experimenter is interested in the effects of contingent reinforcement (using edibles) on punctuality and scheduled activities. He chooses a subject and on Day 1 begins collecting baseline data in each of 3 settings every 3rd day instead of every day, but once intervention begins in any setting, continuous data collection occurs. What design is he using?

a) Multiple baseline across settingsb) Delayed baseline designc) Multiple probe designd) Alternating treatments design

53. What kind of phenomenon might pose interpretational problems in the design in question 52?

a) Response generalizationb) Stimulus generalizationc) Momentum


d) Observer drift

54. A person is asked to make his bed. His caregiver checks 30 minutes later and the bed has been made. No one else was present during that time. The staff person records that the resident made the bed, even though he did not observe that behavior directly. The data collection method being used is:

a) Duration recordingb) Event recordingc) Permanent product recordingd) Whole interval recording

55. Which of the following definitions is best?

a) Head banging = when John bangs his headb) Head banging = When John hits his head with his hand.c) Head banging = When John hits his head with either hand hard enough to be heard 10 feet awayd) Head banging - When John touches his head with his hand.

56. Which data collection technique is most appropriate for recording out-of-seat behavior in a classroom?

a) Record the frequency and duration of the behaviorb) Record the frequency of the behaviorc) The latency of the behaviord) Permanent product recording.

57. Jean is interested in collecting data on Cary's whining behavior. Every ten minutes, Kirk puts a + on a data sheet if whining occurs, and a - if it does not occur. For a + to be scored, the behavior must occur at least once in the interval. Kirk is using:

a) Whole interval recordingb) Partial interval recording.c) Momentary time samplingd) Event recording

58. Recording the time it takes a student to sit down in his chair following the teacher’s verbal request is which measure?

a) Duration recordingb) Momentary time sampling.


c) Latency recordingd) IRT recording

59. A behavior analyst is implementing a DTI procedure with a student and records the number of times response opportunities are presented before the student achieves a 90 percent performance criterion. This measure is referred to as:

a) Trials to criterion. b) Number correct.c) Percentage correctd) Trials to reinforcement.

60. A teacher is working with a student on holding a pencil correctly and is shaping the holding behavior from using a fist to using her thumb and fingers. This procedure is likely affecting which dimension of the pencil holding behavior?

a) Frequencyb) Topography c) Magnituded) Latency

61. A BCBA is assessing learning of object labeling of a student. She periodically assesses the student’s acquisition of the skill in a few trials, to determine if the skill meets mastery criteria. This procedure is referred to as a:

a) Baseline measurementb) Permanent product recording c) Frequency recordingd) Probe measure

62. Behavior analysis interventions that focus on teaching new skills and behaviors as a means of reducing the frequency of problem behaviors, is based on a concept known as:

a) Parsimonyb) The Constructional Modelc) Social Validityd) Precision Teaching


63. The concept of teaching "functional" skills refers to:

a) The simplest explanation is the best b) Targeting replacement behaviors only after conducting a functional assessment.c) Target behaviors should be chosen based on the function of the behavior in question.d) Selecting target behaviors likely to be reinforced in the individuals’ post-intervention

environment.

64. Aggressive behavior of an adult in a residential setting was observed by two different staff in a 20 minute session. It was found that observer 1 recorded the behavior 20 times, and observer 2 recorded the behavior 30 times. What was their Inter-Observer Agreement?

a) It cannot be determined without knowing the number of intervals observedb) 55 %c) 80%d) 67%

65. A behavior is observed to occur 80 times in a 40 minute session. What is the rate of the behavior, expressed in number of occurrences per minute?

a) 3b) 2c) 20d) 8

66. You are assigned to collect data on hand mouthing using a partial interval recording system. Your observational session is divided into contiguous 10 second intervals. During the first 10 second interval, hand mouthing is observed to occur for five seconds. You should score that interval as:

a) An occurrence b) A non-occurrence c) A blankd) “No chance” event

67. which type of graph is best for displaying a summary of students’ grades for a semester in a given class?

a) Line graph


b) Histogramc) Standard Celeration Chartd) Bar Graph

68. Data paths are created by connecting successive data points with a straight line. Successive data points should not be connected when:

a) The teacher was not present to collect the datab) They fall on either side of a phase/condition change linec) there is a high degree of variabilityd) there is an unplanned treatment intervention change

69. Repeated measures of a dependent variable indicate the following data

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100123456789

101112

Session

Frequency

69. This graph indicates a change in:

a) Trendb) Levelc) Trend and Level.d) Variability.


70. Repeated measures of a dependent variable indicate the following data during baseline:

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Session

Frequency

70. This graph indicates a change in a) Trendb) Level.c) Trend and Leveld) Variability.


71. Repeated measures of a dependent variable indicate the following data

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Session

Frequency

71. This indicates a change in a) Trendb) Trend and Levelc) Leveld) Neither trend nor level.


72. Repeated measures of a dependent variable indicate the following data during baseline:

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

Session

Frequency

72. This graph indicates a change in a) Trendb) Levelc) Trend and Level.d) Neither trend nor level

73. Experiments that show convincingly that changes in behavior are a function of the independent variable are said to have a high degree of:

a) Inter-observer reliability


b) External validity (generality)c) Internal validityd) Confounding variables

74. An experimenter wishes to evaluate which of 3 interventions is most effective to treat self-injurious behavior of a student she consults with. Which experimental design would be the most efficient approach to answer this question?

a) Multiple Baseline Design across interventionsb) Alternating Treatments Designc) A-B-A-B Withdrawal Designd) Changing Criterion Design

75. The purpose of a baseline is to:

a) Enhance the treatment effectsb) Increase subject adaptation to environmental variablesc) Demonstrate that no treatment can be as effective as treatment d) Have a pre-treatment standard of comparison by which to assess treatment effects later.

76. On successive days, Jason has teased other residents 20, 15, and 10 times, respectively. Should the experimenter's treatment be introduced at this time?

a) Yes, because we want to decrease the behavior as quickly as possible, to demonstrate that the treatment works.

b) Yes, because we need more effective treatmentc) No, because the behavior is showing a decreasing trendd) No, because the trend is increasing.

77. A father tells his son that he needs to clean up his room that evening and if he does not, then he warns the son that he will have to clean up all the rooms in the house that weekend. The boy cleans his room thus avoiding having to clean all the rooms in the house. This warning by the father which was intended to motivate his son to clean his room is technically referred to as a:

a) Surrogate CMOb) Transitive CMOc) Reflexive CMO d) Normative CMO


78. Generally speaking, how long should baseline data be taken?

a) two weeksb) one monthc) until the staff indicate that they are ready to implement treatmentd) until the baseline data show stability

79. A researcher conducted an initial study of a method that was shown to be effective for treating self-injurious behavior. He conducted a study that incorporated many of the elements of the original procedure with a few variations to examine its generality to other subjects. This is an example of a:

a) Direct reproductionb) Systematic replicationc) Component analysisd) Systematic reproduction

80. An experimenter implements a reinforcement program in a classroom setting to increase John's rate of reading. During the study, he measures the number of words read per hour. He also measures the number of words read in a science class, even though the reinforcement program is not used in this 2nd class. Why is the experimenter measuring John's behavior in the 2nd class?

a) To measure stimulus generality of the effects of instructionb) To measure response generalization c) To conduct a systematic replication to examine setting generalityd) To measure stimulus generalization of the reading skills

81. The term, "schedule thinning" refers to:

a) Fading prompts from physical to verbal only b) Changing a reinforcement schedule from continuous to intermittentc) Non-reinforcement of the target behavior d) Switching from a high to a low rate of responses for the target behavior


82. Which reinforcement schedule results in a scalloped pattern of responding?

a) Fixed ratio.b) Fixed interval.c) Variable ratio.d) Variable interval.

83. A group home resident’s favorite food is liver. Today, however, he has eaten all the liver that he wants. It is found that liver does not work as a reinforcer for him tonight. What appears to have taken place?

a) Deprivationb) Extinctionc) Abative MOd) Evocative MO

84. A BCBA reinforces a child’s task performance during DTI trials on the average of every 10 th correct response. This would be which type of schedule?

a) Fixed Ratio 10b) Fixed Time 10’c) Variable Ratio 10d) Variable Interval 10’

85. How often is reinforcement made available in an FR 10 schedule?

a) Every l0th responseb) Every 10 minutesc) On the average, every l0th responsed) On the average, every 10 minutes

86. A BCBA wants to use a VI10’ schedule to reinforce attending and participation of her students during circle time. When should she make reinforcement available to achieve this schedule?

a) Every l0th correct responseb) Every 10 minutesc) On the average, every l0th responsed) On the average, for the first on task response after every 10 minutes.

87. A teacher reinforces a student’s on-task behavior if it occurs just after a timer sounds at 10 minutes intervals. What schedule of reinforcement is she using?


a) VI 10’b) FI 10’e) FR 10f) FT 10’

88. You are supervising clients at the workshop, and you would like to increase their productivity. When you examine the schedules of reinforcement, you find that they are all on a FI10' schedule of access to food. How might you increase productivity?

a. Change to a FI 15'b. Give them more food before workshop sessionsc. Program a limited hold (FI10' LH 15”)d. Withhold attention for being tardy

89. Billy is a 5-year child with Down's Syndrome who exhibits some mild tantrums when examined by his physician. The tantrums include crying, whining, and occasionally throwing himself on the floor. The initial assessment suggests that the tantrums are maintained by escape. The most reasonable initial plan of action when Billy exhibits a tantrum is to:

a. Temporarily place him in the waiting room until he calms down.b. Have Billy stay with the physician to ensure safety, and make sure that

before Billy leaves the office, he has been cooperative for at least 1 minute.c. Have Billy go to an adjoining room and perform some overcorrection

activities by practicing appropriate social behaviord. Use a water mist procedure.

SCENARIO:You are a school behavior specialist who has been asked to consider the possibility of a system-

wide training project for classroom teachers. According to a report, there are many classrooms that are becoming increasingly chaotic, and children's achievement test scores are plummeting.

90. What would be the first step in this process?

a. Assess the need for trainingb. Define training objectivesc. Design a curriculumd. Set up training classes for all teachers

91. In the above scenario, what might be the most effective training package of procedures? a. Classroom lectures for teachers


b. A combination of role playing and classroom situationsc. Some lecture combined with real-life demonstrations and feedbackd. A self-instructional format on computers complete with simulations

92. What would be the most important measure of the success of the project?

a. Pre- and post-tests of teacher competenciesb. Social validation scales for the parentsc. Teacher evaluations of the programd. Measures of the students’ behavior and progress in the classrooms

93. After the initial training, what would be the next logical step?

a. Conduct post-tests and then monitor annuallyb. Be available for future problems and report to the school board at least 2x/yearc. Set up a maintenance and monitoring system that initially tracks teacher skills and student behavior weekly

d. Examine the system for stimulus generalization procedures in the home

94. Let's say that in the above scenario, you wish to collect follow-up data on performance. What kind of measurement tool should be used?

a. The same measurement tool that was initially used in trainingb. A social validation tool that is designed for this purposec. The rate of correct interactions and incorrect interactions between each teacher and

studentsd. Percentage of correct interactions between students and teacher

95. The above project has developed into quite a task. Fortunately, you are asked to report the results of your efforts at your next state ABA Chapter convention. To make this possible, you write up, in great detail, the methods and procedures of the project. A reviewer states that your procedures are indeed linked to principles of behavior analysis; therefore, your project characterizes what feature of applied behavior analysis?

a. Appliedb. Technologicalc. Conceptually systematicd. Generality


96. Tokens are known technically in behavior analysis as:

a. Conditioned reinforcersb. Generalized conditioned reinforcersc. Negative reinforcersd. SD’s

97. You are working with a client who engages in frequent self-stimulatory behavior. Your program calls for a rich schedule of reinforcers to be delivered upon task completion, and a timeout from reinforcement contingent on hand biting. The timeout consists of having the child sit in a chair in the corner for 1 minute. You notice that the rate of biting has actually increased after initiating the program. What is the most compelling problem that might explain the increase in behavior?

a. The timeout is not immediateb. The timeout is too shortc. Adaptive behavior is not getting reinforced. d. The timeout allows alternative ways of obtaining reinforcement.

98. In self-control, where does the ultimate control lie? (Or, why is "self' control a misnomer?)

a. With the self b. The choice of the personc. In the environmentd. With a contract manager

99. A behavior analyst designs a behavior plan to teach social skills and sharing in children. She wishes to evaluate which elements of the social skills curriculum are most effective and uses a single subject research design to evaluate this. She is applying what research approach to this situation?

a. Parametric analysisb. Component analysisc. Functional analysisd. Structural analysis

100. Patrick's teacher has arranged for some reading instruction in which she reads from a prepared script, and Patrick is to provide active responses to tasks presented in the script. The teacher provides immediate feedback to him, depending on his responses. This is an example of:


a. Direct instructionb. PSIc. Respondent conditioningd. Incidental teaching

101. You are asked to teach a college class on basic principles of behavior. You decide to design the class based on principles of learning, and therefore set up frequent exams, study objectives, and a "pace yourself' system wherein students decide when they will take each exam. This is an example of:

a. Direct instructionb. Personalized system of instruction (PSI)c. Discrete trialsd. Respondent conditioning

102. Select the best staff training package.

a. Staff is given a book on behavior analysis and asked to read it. Comprehension tests are given after each chapter.

b. Staff is given explanations of the procedures and given a quiz. Then a weekly feedback system is implemented to sharpen their skills.

c. Explanations of each procedure are given to the staff. Then the supervisor demonstrates the procedures. Then staff is given opportunities to practice the skills in real life situations followed by feedback from the trainer.

d. The supervisor conducts role playing sessions with the staff with weekly feedback provided for performance.

103. You are designing a treatment program for Jessica who becomes aggressive when staff do not provide desired items or activities. You wish to identify some ultimate outcomes towards which Jessica will progress. Which of the following is NOT an appropriate ultimate outcome for Jessica?

a. The variety and diversity of events in Jessica's lifeb. Jessica's access to reinforcers in the community.c. The range of interpersonal interactions with others.d. The convenience of staff with whom Jessica works.


104. You wish to broaden Ellen's social contacts with others. You note that many of her potential peers enjoy bowling and eating at Italian restaurants. But, you are unsure if Ellen shares these same interests. What might you do?

a. Conduct a reinforcer preference survey.b. Implement a DRO schedule using bowling as a reinforcer.c. Use an establishing operation to make bowling a reinforcer. d. Ask Ellen’s mother

105. You finally find a peer group for Ellen. The members of this particular group enjoy interaction with each other and appear to "do favors" for each other such as getting each other coffee, helping with household chores, etc., as part of their usual social interactions. What might you teach Ellen to make it most likely that she will be successful?

a. Positive social interactionsb. Assertive skillsc. How to do favors for othersd. How to ask for attention appropriately

106. Bob exhibits some low-level aggression when asked to do a task. What procedure might the most appropriate attempt in the initial stages of treatment?

a. Timeout b. Escape extinction c. Overcorrectiond. Counseling with the guidance counselor

107. Robert exhibits frequent tantrums, aggression, and property destruction. Your assessment suggests that the behavior occurs when he is asked to do a task such as putting the dishes away or in the dishwasher. Which is probably the best technique to try?

a. A DRO schedule in which the child earns snacks for the absence of target behaviors.b. A DRO schedule in which the child earns attention for the absence of target behaviors.c. Teach Robert to ask for assistance and breaks contingent on gradual increases in completing tasks

requestedd. Verbal reprimand with a brief timeout and ignore the problem behaviors

108. Elise is exhibiting property destruction when she cannot get access to activities such as trips out on the van or to go out to dinner. What might be the most reasonable first step in correcting this problem?

a. Set up a behavior program that teaches her to wait


b. Teach Elise to use a schedule and to select desired activities that she can best understand

c. Implement a DRO schedule of reinforcement to extinguish the destruction.d. Ignore the behavior and take away privileges if the behavior persists

109. Bob teaches Jeff to wash dishes in the Transition House. Jeff is then asked to wash dishes at his own home. Based upon what is known in the literature about generalization, what will probably happen?

a. He will not be able to wash the dishes because the two settings are very different.b. Jeff will probably be able to wash the dishes.c. Jeff will be more likely able to wash the dishes if his house is similar to the transition house d. Jeff has to decide whether he wants to wash the dishes

110. You are teaching David to clean the workshop to prepare him for working on the cleaning crew. Read the descriptions below and identify which of the following would be least likely to promote generalization of the workshop cleaning skills to real-life cleaning jobs. (C.A. 3-12)

a. Make the workshop as much like a real cleaning situation.b. Transition to variable, delayed reinforcement.c. Teach David to use a checklist, which could be used on the cleaning crew.d. Make the workshop distinctive from the cleaning crew, and then gradually make it more like it.

111. A Descriptive Functional Assessment incorporates

a) Analog conditions and inferential statisticsb) Structured interviews and systematic manipulationsc) Functional assessment tools, structured interviews, and direct observationd) Records review and development of insight


SCENARIO: Note: Questions 112-116 go with this vignette.You are consulting with a family of a mother, father and four children. The oldest son has been diagnosed with autism. Upon arriving at the house, you notice a great deal of disarray in the house. You notice the oldest boy, sitting and rocking by himself. When the mother says, “Stand up and say, ‘Hello,’” the boy begins slapping his head, repeating, “Go away! Go away!” The mother immediately runs over, hugs the boy and says, “He’s scared of strangers.” She then comforts him by hugging and rocking him slowly, and talks to him in a soothing manner. After 2 minutes or so, the mother gets up and says, “We’ll just let him be for a while.”

112. Based upon your assessment in the above scenario, you determine the child’s head slapping and screaming is maintained by attention from the mother. To test your hypothesis, you do systematic manipulations, which should involve

a) having the mother withhold attention contingent upon the head slapping and collect data then have the mother deliver attention contingent upon the head slapping and collect data to determine if this maintains high rates of the behavior

b) suggest the noncontingent delivery of attention for 5 minutes then offer another positive reinforcer for the absence of head slapping and screaming

c) deliver a reinforcer following the statement, “Go away,” and deliver an immediate punisher for head slapping and screaming

d) collect baseline on both screaming and head slapping and compare data across behaviors

113. If you collect baseline data on head slapping, have the parents praise their son on a CRF schedule for saying, “Come here, please” instead of head slapping, and then have the parents offer attention on a Fixed Time 10’ schedule, then in the next condition provide praise again on a CRF schedule when he says “come here please” instead of head slapping, what kind of design did you utilize?

a) Multiple Baselineb) Changing Criterion


c) Withdrawal Designd) Reversal Design

114. The mother in the above scenario has been allowing him to stay home from school for the morning when he urinates in his pants before school; allowing him to stay home reinforces the urination. If the mother were to implement extinction, she would have to:

a) Place the child in a timeout in his roomb) Withhold speaking to the child for at least 2 or 3 minutes after he urinatesc) Help him clean up his clothes and take him to school as soon as possibled) Reinforce appropriate toileting and gently reprimand him for soiling his pants

115. When the mother employs the extinction procedure, she would expect to see:

a) An immediate decrease in the behavior followed by a “burst” in the ratesb) An immediate increase in the rates followed by a steady decreasec) A slow decrease in the rates over next couple of monthsd) The head banging immediately ceases and then you would see “spontaneous recovery.”

116. Based on the above scenario, and given the attention function, what would be the best approach to treatment intervention?

a) Scold the child when he slaps his head then ignore himb) Use extinction c) Teach the child to request his mother’s attention using functional communication, and block

instances of head slapping to prevent injury d) Teach the child to request a preferred item as a replacement for seeking his mother’s

attention and block the head slapping behavior

117. You are teaching a child to ask for help as a replacement skill for aggression. You praise the child every time she asks appropriately for help. Your data show that aggression is now almost non-existent and that she is asking for help when she needs it. Next you should:

a) Place “asking for help” on a different schedule of reinforcementb) Plan an ultimate outcomec) Contact the funder and close the case as a treatment success d) Implement a multiple baseline design

118. The company owners you work for as a BCBA want to solicit client testimonials to post on the company website. To act in accordance with the BACB’s® Ethical and Professional Compliance Code, you should tell the owners:


a) This is acceptable practice according to the BACB’s ethics code, so you should say nothingb) This is acceptable practice only for past clients or legal guardians of clients and they must indicate

that it was by solicitationc) Only unsolicited testimonials are permitted, and the company must wait for these to be sent ind) Testimonials are never allowed whether from a current or past client/guardian

119. Using _________ to address target behaviors you wish to eliminate an evidence-based practice.

a) Punishmentb) FERBsc) DROsd) Extinction

120. A student for whom you are providing behavior analysis services lives with her mother. Her parents are divorced and her mother has full custody per a court order. The father calls you and asks for a progress report on his daughter. What do you tell the father?

a) Tell him that since he is no longer the legal guardian, you are not ethically permitted to release any

information on the student without written authorization from the motherb) Since he is the father, you tell him how his daughter is doingc) You tell him that since he and the mother are divorced, you are only permitted to send a written

report in the mail.d) Tell him that he needs to call the school principal for the information as you are ethically not

permitted to do so.

121. A horizontal line through a set of data points on a line graph shows the ________ of the behavior.

a) Trendb) levelc) ranged) variability

122. How are a conditioned stimulus and a discriminative stimulus different?

a) A discriminative stimulus acquires its controlling function via stimuli that occur immediately after the response


b) A conditioned stimulus acquires its controlling function through association with stimuli that occur immediately after the response.

c) No difference.d) A conditioned stimulus controls Operant behavior. A discriminative stimulus controls Respondent

behavior.

123. A student who learns how to type on her computer at school can also type using an iPad and on a laptop at school. This is an example of what principle of behavior?

a) Stimulus generalization b) Response generalizationc) Discriminationd) Behavioral Momentum

124. Stimulus generalization to new settings or people, is more likely to occur:

a) When the prompts and stimulus materials used are the same throughout the training period. b) When a skill is trained in a mock setting c) When the new setting is different from the original training settingd) When the new setting or context are of similar physical dimensions to the training setting

125. A child is praised when he points to an apple when the teacher asks him to “show me apple” when an apple and orange are placed in front of him. He is learns to do this no matter which position the apple and orange are in. This approach is using what teaching procedure?a) Response Generalizationb) Stimulus Discrimination c) Stimulus Generalizationd) Stimulus Equivalence 126. You teach a child to read the printed word “dog” when 5 printed words are presented in

random order. Then you teach the child to point to the picture of a dog when 5 pictures are presented in random order. Later, you present the printed word with the pictures placed in front of the child and he can point to the correct picture that matches the printed word, and vice-versa. This demonstrates:

a. Generalization trainingb. Stimulus equivalencec. Discrimination trainingd. Spontaneous Recovery

127. Design an errorless discrimination procedure to teach a child to pick out an apple from an array of fruit that includes the apple, a pear, and a banana.


a. Place all of the fruit on a table, have the child pick out the apple when asked, and reinforce correct responses. For errors, interrupt the trials for 1 minute.

b. Place all of the fruit on a table, have the child pick out the apple when asked, and reinforce correct responses. Use gestural prompts to indicate the apple, and then fade out the prompts over time. For errors, issue a reprimand and use a correction trial wherein the child must point to the apple 3 times in a row before moving on to the next trial.

c. Place the apple by itself and have the child point to the apple when asked. Then gradually fade in the pear by moving it closer and closer to the apple. Then repeat with the banana.

d. Negatively reinforce the improper response while gradually shaping the correct response.

128. _________________ does not occur as the result of response-contingent consequences.

a. Rule governed behaviorb. Avoidance or escape behaviorc. Verbal behaviord. Stimulus discrimination

129. The fundamental properties of behavior are:

a. Repeatability, occurs in time, and combination of the two b. Repeatability, functional, operationalc. Functional, operant, and occurs in time d. Operationally defined, repeatable, and occurs in time

130. There is a lightning storm and the electricity goes out in your house. You search for the flashlights you keep in the cabinet. With regard to accessing the flashlights, the lights going out functions as a/an ____________

a. SD

b. Conditioned stimulusc. Punishing stimulusd. Motivating operation

131. What is a fundamental tenet of behaviorism?

a. Behavior is a function of the mind.b. Behavior is a function of environmental variables, the self and genetic history.c. Behavior is a function of past and present environment, as well as genetic makeup.


d. Behavior is a function the environment and cognitions of the person.

132. Which of the follow types of graph would be best to represent data for skills learned by a student each month?

a. Bar Graphb. Line Graphc. 6 cycle Graphd. Histogram

133. Which schedule of reinforcement shows a “break-run” pattern on a cumulative record?

a. variable intervalb. fixed ratioc. fixed intervald. variable ratio

134. Which schedule of reinforcement is probably the best for maintenance of participation in group activities?

a. VI 1’, LH 5”b. FR 3c. FI 5’d. VR 17

135. Please choose the best sequence for achieving respondent conditioning:

a) A loud noise followed by presentation of a light results in conditioning fear to the light.b) Presenting a loud noise that elicits a fear response will result in conditioning to a neutral stimulusc) A light followed by a loud noise will result in conditioning a fear response to the light d) A light followed by an antecedent prompt will condition fear to the light

136. In ______ conditioning, the correlation is not between two stimuli as in ________ conditioning, but between a response and a(n) _______.

a. operant, respondent, consequenceb. respondent, operant, establishing operationc. operant, respondent, SDd. respondent, operant, consequence

137. Saying the word “car” when seeing someone making the sign for “car” is:

a) Mimetic behavior


b) Textual behaviorc) An Intraverbald) A Tact

138. You are away on vacation and while driving you see a sign that says “all vehicles must turn right at the next light.” You comply with this sign. Your behavior in this situation is best explained as the result of _____________.

a) contingency shaped behavior b) rule-governed behavior c) respondent conditioning d) discrimination training

139. Nancy is a school behavior analyst who decided to run a withdrawal design to show the effectiveness of reinforcement for teaching vocabulary words to fourth graders. a. This design is adequate if a sufficient baseline measure is implemented before treatment beginsb. This design is adequate if a sufficient baseline measure is implemented before treatment begins and alternated intermittently with treatment for at least two times. c. This design is adequate because withdrawal designs are scientifically valid. d. This design is inadequate due to irreversibility of the behavior

140. You are working with a client who is unable to speak. You have identified as an ultimate outcome the access to social activities he enjoys. What would be the most reasonable intermediate outcome that could lead to the ultimate outcome?

a. Learn to put on a jacket and necktie that looks presentable in public. b. Learn to send text or fax messages to find out what events are taking place at various

locations or businesses c. Learn to get around on public transportation independentlyd. Teach the client to speak, so that he may call about upcoming events.

141. Behavior is objectively observed and thoroughly described and quantified. This is which underlying assumption of behavior analysis? a. Technological b. Empirical c. Applied d. Conceptually Systematic


142. Procedurally speaking, what is the difference between a multiple baseline design across 3 settings vs. a multiple baseline across 3 behaviors? a) In a multiple baseline design across 3 settings, the behaviors must be the same, and for the

same subject. b) In a multiple baseline design across 3 behaviors must be the behavior of 3 different subjects in the same settingc) No differences. The study can use either 3 subjects or the same subject for both. d) A multiple baseline design across 3 settings must study 3 different behaviors, one in each setting.

143. A parametric study is one that:

a) Examines and compares the effects of a range of different values of the independent variable

b) Involves use of a single-value independent variable that is manipulated c) Isolates the effects of confounding variables that exert unknown or uncontrolled influences on the dependent variable d) Is used to study the most effective elements of a treatment package

144. Behavior Analyst Jack wanted to show how well his treatment intervention was working. The procedure involved a token system to reinforce correct responding on a matching task, prompting and fading with errorless learning methods to learn the matching task, and replacement behavior of asking for assistance or break if any escape maintained behaviors occur. What experimental approach should Jack use to evaluate which elements of this treatment intervention are effective?

a) multiple baseline across conditionsb) component analysisc) multi-element designd) parametric analysis

145. To devise a valid changing criterion design:

a) Criterion performance for each level is predetermined but no stability criterion is required


b) Criterion performance is arranged in steps with some variation instead of a linear change, and stability criterion for each step is pre-determined

c) Criterion performance levels do not need to be pre-determined, but stability criterion do need to be pre-determined

d) The subject can decide for her/himself what the criterion steps and stability criteria should be

146. Sue is a BCBA who works as the behavior analyst in a program whose owner wishes to conduct research to make an impact on the field and also to increase the reputation of the company. To act in according with the BACB’s® Professional and Ethical Compliance Code, Sue should tell the owner that:

a) This is not a problem and is permitted in the BACB® Ethical Standardsb) It is permissible as long as the parents sign a release of the information allowing the agency to

use the statementsc) This is permitted by the BACB’s Ethical Standards as long as proper consents are obtained,

client confidentiality can be assured, and there is approval by a Research Review Committee or IRB along with a Human Rights review.

d) The agency should ask their lawyer if it is o.k. and proceed if the lawyer approves it

147. Doug works as a behavior analyst in a private residential program serving adults with severe aggressive behaviors who have Developmental Disabilities. Doug is concerned for client safety and recommends including a physical restraint component in their behavior plans. This practice is:

a. ethical since it provides effective intervention strategies and enhances safety of all involvedb. unethical due to the level of restrictiveness without attempting less restrictive, likely to be

effective, alternatives c. acceptable if the legal guardians or client consent to the approachd. ethical as long as a functional assessment is first completed.

148. As a behavior analyst, Jeff cannot identify any effective reinforcers to help reduce George’s (a man with profound mental retardation) very dangerously aggressive behaviors. Jeff


decides to draft a plan that includes having George earn tokens to “buy” all of his daily food, clothing, toiletries, mattress, pillow, and sheets. This program:

a) May be implemented only with the consent of George.b) May be implemented if found necessary following a functional analysis of the behaviorc) Cannot be implemented due to violating rights of individuals with developmental and

intellectual disabilities under federal law.d) Can be implemented if approved by a Peer Review and Human Rights Committee along with

careful monitoring.

149. You are given a referral for a child with enuresis and encopresis. The first step in the development of a treatment plan should be:

a) Immediately conduct a functional assessment to determine why the problem is occurringb) Refer to the Primary Care Physician to rule-out any physical or medical complications c) Implement a toileting program with a reinforcement procedure.d) Take baseline and wait to see if the behavior continues for more than two weeks.

150. Kim is a Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA), with experience in the treatment of children and adolescents with Autism and other behavior problems related to ADHD, Conduct Disorder and Depression. Her supervisor is having a very difficult time with a junior high school student diagnosed with ADHD and potential emotional difficulties and reassigns the case to Kim. As a BCBA, it is Kim’s should tell her supervisor:

a) She can accept the referral due to having experience with these types of problems and in a professional manner address caseload issues accordingly

b) Begin with a formal clinical interview to determine whether the child was correctly diagnosed

c) In a professional manner, tell the supervisor that he should refer the case to a colleague because she is too busy to take the case

d) Suggest to the child’s parents that they seek a psychotherapy provider since this is a mental illness and not likely to be effectively treated with an ABA approach


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€¦ · Web viewNot to be reproduced or redistributed without express permission from Amego, Inc. Rev. 7/27/18 p. BACB EXAM PREP MOCK EXAM. Task List 4 . Michael Weinberg, Ph.D.,