Questions for discussion

New PM1. Discuss the main issues raised in the BtN story with another

student.2. Describe in your own words, the recent change to the

leadership of the Labor party.3. What was Julia Gillard’s previous job before she was made

Prime Minister?4. How was the decision made to make Julia Gillard the new

Prime Minister?5. Complete the following sentence: `When we vote on polling

day, we don’t actually vote for a Prime Minister, we…’6. Name three facts about Julia Gillard.7. What is significant about Julia Gillard being made Prime

Minister?8. Who is the opposition leader?9. What qualities do you think are needed to be an effective

Prime Minister?10. What do you understand more clearly since watching the BtN

story?

Find out more about how parliament works by completing this fun interactive http://www.peo.gov.au/kidsview/menu.html

Copy, right?1. What was the main point of the story?2. Which song did rock band Men at Work copy?3. What have Men at Work been ordered to do?4. Do you think it was a fair decision? Why or why not?5. What does a musician need to get if they want to use another

person song?6. Usually, bands would need to buy a ____________.7. What can happen if a band doesn’t get permission to use a

song?8. Why can it be difficult to decide if part of a song has been

copied?9. What do you reckon? Do you think musicians should be

penalised if they use existing songs? Why or why not? 10. How has your thinking changed since watching the BtN story?

Write a message about music copyright and post it on the BtN guestbook http://abc.net.au/btn/guestbook.html

© ABC 2010

EPISODE 18

20TH JULY 2010

Caffeine culture1. Briefly summarise the story.2. What is caffeine?3. Which food and drinks contain caffeine?4. What effect does it have on the human body?5. Why do some sports people take caffeine tablets before they

compete?6. Why have some people criticised sports people for doing this?7. What health problems can too much caffeine cause?8. Complete the following sentence: `It’s not just professional

athletes having caffeine before competing…’9. Taking caffeine before sport is illegal. True or false?10. Do you think sports people should be allowed to take caffeine

tablets? Explain your answer.

`Should caffeine pills be banned from sport?’ Vote in the BtN online poll.

Old school1. Explain the Old school story to another student.2. Describe what school was like in the 19th Century.3. What did the teacher check first thing in the morning?4. How were students punished in the 1880’s?5. What does corporal punishment mean?6. Describe the main differences between school now and 100

years ago.7. What are the similarities? 8. How old were most kids when they left school?9. How do you think education has changed over time?10. What was surprising about this story?

Research the history of your school and create a display for a public space in your school. Include photographs, illustrations and objects to show what your school was like 100 years ago.

Camel cup 1. What does the BtN Camel Cup story mainly explain?

a. The camel plague in the outback.b. Camel racing and the role camels have played in the

outback.c. How to ride a camel.d. Why camels should be culled.

2. How often is the Camel Cup held?3. What does the Camel Cup celebrate?4. How long has Grace been riding camels?5. How were camels used in the outback?6. What name was given to the camel handlers that came from

India and the Middle East?7. What is the name of one of Australia’s most famous trains and

how did it get its name?8. Think of three adjectives to describe riding a camel.

© ABC 2010

9. The BtN story is an example of a) Narrativeb) Procedure c) Report d) Argument

10. Illustrate an aspect of the story.

Test your knowledge in the online quiz.

© ABC 2010

Caffeine cultureFocus Questions

1. Briefly summarise the story.2. What is caffeine?3. Which food and drinks contain caffeine?4. What effect does it have on the human body?5. Why do some sports people take caffeine tablets before they

compete?6. Why have some people criticised sports people for doing this?7. What health problems can too much caffeine cause?8. Complete the following sentence: `It’s not just professional

athletes having caffeine before competing…’9. Taking caffeine before sport is illegal. True or false?10. Do you think sports people should be allowed to take caffeine

tablets? Explain your answer.

Caffeine culture

Students will explore in more detail, what caffeine is and the effect it has on the body. They will also investigate the issue of sports people using caffeine to enhance performance.Begin by asking students to look at the words below. With a partner, recall how they were used in the BtN story. caffeine stimulant caffeine tabletshealth problems banning improve performanceenergy drinks

Using a thesaurus or the internet, students find the synonyms for three of the words above.

Students can choose one or more of the following activities:

Write a persuasive argument for or against the following statement:Sports people should be allowed to have caffeine before competing.

What does caffeine do to the human body? What happens to your brain, heart rate and nervous system when you consume caffeine? What are the side effects of having small and large amounts of caffeine?

© ABC 2010

EPISODE 18

20TH JULY 2010

Learning AreaHealth and Physical Education

Key learningStudents will investigate the effect caffeine has on the human body and it being used to enhance sports performance.

Create a public awareness campaign educating young people about the health problems associated with large amounts of caffeine consumption.

Analyse your own caffeine consumption. Over a 7 day period, record any food or drinks you consume, that contain caffeine. Compare your results with other students. What was surprising?

Create a `Did you know?’ fact sheet about caffeine. Display the information in an interesting way.

8 Related Research Links

ABC Sport – Doping body to consider caffeine ban|http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/07/08/2947906.htm

ABC News – Eagles counselled over caffeine usehttp://bananasinpyjamas.com/news/stories/2010/07/07/2947046.htm?site=news

SBS World News Australia – Caffeine use `against the spirit of the sport’?http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/1296732/Caffeine-use-against-the-spirit-of-sport

Child and Youth Health – Information about caffeinehttp://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetails.aspx?p=243&np=163&id=2155#3

Australian Institute of Sport – Caffeinehttp://www.ausport.gov.au/ais/nutrition/supplements/supplement_fact_sheets/group_a_supplements/caffeine

© ABC 2010

Old schoolFocus Questions

11. Explain the Old school story to another student.12. Describe what school was like in the 19th Century.13. What did the teacher check first thing in the morning?14. How were students punished in the 1880’s?15. What does corporal punishment mean?16. Describe the main differences between school now and 100

years ago.17. What are the similarities? 18. How old were most kids when they left school?19. How do you think education has changed over time?20. What was surprising about this story?

Old school

Students will investigate what school life was like in the late 1800’s and make comparisons with their experiences today.Begin by asking students to look at the photographs depicting life in the late 1800’s http://www.powerhousemuseum.com/pdf/OPAC/246256.pdf Ask students to record what each photograph tells them about life during this time. Students will then research what schools were like in the late 1800’s. Brainstorm and record what students already know about school life during this period. Ask them to recall facts from the BtN story and record any questions students still have about the topic. The following questions can help guide research:

What were educational facilities like? Consider things such as equipment, resources, classrooms and outside play areas.

What was learning like? Consider values, rules and expectations.

What was play and social interaction like?Students create a model, diagram or information report describing school during this period and compare it to schools and education today. Encourage them to share their final products with the rest of the class.

© ABC 2010

EPISODE 18

20TH JULY 2010

Learning AreaSociety and Environment

Key learningStudents will explore what school life was like in the 1800’s and make comparisons with experiences today.

Self evaluation

What do you understand more clearly since completing this investigation?What would you do differently next time? Why?

Further investigations

Research the history of your school and create a display for a public space in your school. Include photographs, illustrations and objects to show what your school was like 100 years ago.

Write a journal entry that describes a day at school in the 1880’s.

Predict what schools will be like 100 years from now. What do you think the classroom of the future will look like? Create an illustration.

8 Related Research Links

ABC Stateline – Olde Schoolhttp://www.abc.net.au/news/video/2010/07/09/2949838.htm

Historic Houses Trust – Rouse Hill House and Farmhttp://www.hht.net.au/museums/rouse_hill_house_and_farm

History Australia – The Evolution of Education in Australiahttp://www.historyaustralia.org.au/ifhaa/schools/evelutio.htm

© ABC 2010

BtN: Episode 18 Transcripts 20/07/10

On this week's Behind the News

Why a kookaburra has landed a famous Aussie rock band in hot water.

Sport stars using caffeine tablets before games. It's legal but is it right?

And we go back in time to learn about school in the olden days.

Hi I'm Nathan Bazley, welcome to Behind the News.

Also on the show today we catch up with a teenage camel-riding champion and there were plenty of thrills and spills.

But first today:

New PM© ABC 2010

Reporter: Sarah Larsen

INTRO: A federal election has just been called which means adults will vote for which party gets to run the country.

But you may have noticed that Australia already has a new Prime Minister.

When you went on holidays it was Kevin Rudd but now his old deputy Julia Gillard is in charge.

What on earth is going on? Well, politics is a cut-throat business especially when an election is on the line

NATHAN BAZLEY, REPORTER: Back in 2007 a fight took place in Australian politics.

Kevin Rudd took on John Howard.

Kevin won the fight and leadership of the country.

Fast forward three years to 2010 and you'd have thought Kevin would have been lacing up the gloves ready to defend his title But instead we saw a different competitor enter the ring, One from his own team.

News broke around 7pm one night. Julia Gillard the deputy Prime Minister had gone to see her boss Kevin to say she was challenging him for the leadership.

And come morning things weren't looking good for Kevin Rudd.

© ABC 2010

During a Labor Party meeting it became clear that Julia had more supporters in her corner than Kevin.

So he stepped out of the ring and instantly Julia Gillard became leader of the Labour party and therefore the whole country!

But wait up how can we have a new PM without an election?

Well when we vote on polling day we don't actually vote for a Prime Minister, we vote for a party.

When the votes are counted the party that wins the most seats in parliament gets to choose its leader.

NATHAN BAZLEY, REPORTER: Usually the person they pick will stay on until they are voted out of office but very rarely the party will decide they want something new before then.

So they'll turf them out and pick who they think might do better and that's how Julia rose to the top job!

So who is this woman who has become our first female Prime Minister?

Well her story starts in the small country of Wales in the UK.

Julia's parents are both from there and that's where she and her older sister Alison were born.

But by four, Julia and her family came to Australia to live.

She graduated from high school in the Adelaide suburb of Unley where students gathered to watch everything unfold.

© ABC 2010

They even have her old report card!

VOX POP 1: I'm proud to see an old Unley kiddy succeed and it kind of inspires me because she is a female and she did come from a public school and I’m sort of in the same position and you kind of look up to her.

After graduating she soon found herself in the thick of politics.

It took her many years of trying but finally in 1998 she won a seat in federal parliament.

Now she's made her way right to the top job!

VOX POP 2: We're really proud of her and it's a big step for women.

But right up until a couple of months ago she had sworn she wasn't aiming for the top right now.

JULIA GILLARD: There is more chance of me becoming the full forward for the dogs than there is for any change in the labour party.

Not that everyone believed her.

REPORTER, NATHAN BAZLEY: Can I just get a hug from the future Prime Minister?

Even Kevin Rudd thought she had what it takes.

KEVIN RUDD: She's a fantastic deputy prime minster, she's going to make a fantastic Prime Minster as well One day!

© ABC 2010

But that day came a lot sooner than he imagined!

NATHAN BAZLEY, REPORTER: Looking forward Kevin has said he'll stick around in politics, while Julia will spend the immediate future on the campaign trail.

Then Australians will get to have their say on which of these two candidates they'd like to see in the top job: Opposition leader Tony Abbott for the Coalition in the blue corner or PM Julia Gillard for Labor in the red corner.

Presenter: And the leaders are wasting no time. They've already begun touring the country trying to persuade people to vote for them.

Kirsty has that, and the rest of the stories making the news in the Wire.

The Wire

The 2010 federal election has got off to a flying start.

Prime Minister Julia Gillard went to the Governor General's place early Saturday Morning to kick things off and nominate the date of the election as August 21st.

And only a few days in, we've already seen babies being kissed again and again and again.

Both leaders have signalled that the big issues in this year's campaign will be asylum seekers, the environment and getting the budget back into surplus.

*****

© ABC 2010

To the Gulf of Mexico now where a new cap placed over the leaking oil well seems to be holding for now.

Tests continued over the weekend and so far it's looking promising.

The cap will stay in place for around a month until relief wells can be dug to stop the flow of oil for good.

******

And finally to France where their parliament has moved one step closer to passing a law which will ban Muslim women from wearing a burqa in public.

This law has widespread support from the French people and almost all politicians but has drawn criticism from Islamic leaders and human rights campaigners.

Similar moves are already being made to ban face-covering veils in Belgium, Italy and Spain.

CopyrightReporter: Sarah Larsen

INTRO: Have you ever listened to a new song that sounded like you'd heard it before?

Bands are always singing songs written by other people or using samples of old songs to make a brand new dance track.

© ABC 2010

But sometimes borrowing a tune can get them into big trouble. And that happened to a famous Aussie band recently.

So when is it OK to sing someone else's song and when will it get you into trouble?

Sarah found out.

SARAH LARSEN, REPORTER: An Aussie classic! When this song was written in the 80s by a band called Men at Work it became an international hit but, hidden somewhere in this pop song, can you spot another Aussie classic?

CHOIR: Kookaburra sits in the old gum tree.

Can you hear it? Listen closely. This song was written more than 70 years ago for a girl guides competition by a school teacher. She sold it to a music company called Larrakin music for 6000 dollars. Years went by and then.

SPICKS AND SPECKS GAME SHOW: Name this song and the children's nursery rhyme the flute riff is based on. Kookaburra sits on the old gumtree.

The people from Larrakin Music saw this segment and realised how similar the tunes were. They took Men at Work to court.

ADAM SIMPSON, LARRIKIN MUSIC'S LAWYER: We say that in the song there's at least half the Kookaburra distributed throughout various parts of the song and repeated various times and that's now been supported by this judge.

© ABC 2010

Men at work were ordered to pay Larrakin Music 5 percent of the money they made from Land Down Under from 2002 onwards

REPORTER, SARAH LARSEN : But hang on a minute! Musicians are always using bits of other people's music and they don't get into trouble!

You might have seen this clip on TV lately (Rogue Traders "Would You Please Raise Your Hands"). Well when your parents were kids they may have been listening to this (Adam and the Ants "Ant Music").

Notice any similarities? How about this one (David Cook "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing")? Well a few years ago people were listening to something similar (Aerosmith "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing").

Bands use other people's songs all the time. There's nothing wrong with that but they have to get permission first. Usually that means buying a licence and paying money to the people that own the song whether that's the song writer or a record company. There are all sorts of licences depending on how you want to use the music. The ABC has a licence which lets me use pop songs on BTN! And most schools buy licences which let choirs sing whatever they want without getting into trouble. But if a band uses a song without getting permission they can be up for a lot of money and that's happened many times. One famous example was this old hit by Vanilla Ice. He was accused of ripping part of it from this song (Queen and David Bowie "Under Pressure"). The court agreed and Vanilla Ice had to pay up.

REPORTER, SARAH LARSEN: But, of course, deciding if a song has been stolen isn't always simple. Lots of songs use similar beats or chord combinations. After all, there's only a limited number of notes to choose from. The Men at Work court case used musical experts to decide if it really was a

© ABC 2010

rip off. But it's controversial. Some people reckon it’s not fair to penalise musicians who might accidentally use existing tunes but others say it’s important to protect song writers and make sure others don't profit from their creativity.

Presenter: OK I'm a big fan of all sorts of music and I love to ramp it up. So let's have a quiz about that.

Quiz 1

Which of these words means to play music loudly?

Forte

Piano

Largo

Answer: Forte

They are all Italian words and you'll see them on sheet music to describe how it should be played.

CaffeineReporter: Natasha Thiele

INTRO: When AFL star Ben Cousins was hospitalised a few weeks age it emerged that he'd been taking caffeine tablets before games.

© ABC 2010

It's not illegal and lots of players do it to give them an energy boost.

Most of us consume caffeine every day in tea coffee or fizzy drinks.

So how can it affect our bodies? And why are some people calling for caffeine pills to be banned from sport?

NATASHA THIELE, REPORTER: Going out for a cup of coffee is a social thing Aussies like to do in their spare time.

But have you even wondered what's in coffee that keeps some people coming back for more?

Well, it's called caffeine and many can't go a day without it!

So what is caffeine?

It's a chemical that's found naturally in a whole heap of plants.

And you'll find it in things like coffee and tea, chocolate, soft drinks and energy drinks.

It's a stimulant, so when it gets into our nerves it makes us feel more alert and helps people to stay awake for longer!

Caffeine can also be taken in a tablet which can be bought in shops.

© ABC 2010

These tablets aren't designed for kids, but some sports people have started taking them because they feel it gives them an energy boost before games.

Some people think it's wrong for sports stars to take any form of drug, but for now caffeine is not against the rules.

TOM HARLEY, EX-GEELONG CAPTAIN: It's certainly happening. I won't deny its happening.

Just before a Brisbane Lions footy match, TV cameras spotted a staff member handing out caffeine tablets to players!

Although taking these tablets might psyche players up before a match, some people think it's setting a bad example to kids.

Because like everything, there's a downside to having too much caffeine!

It can have a bad affect on our bodies and even cause health problems.

When caffeine goes into our body and our blood, it can make us feel more awake and our heart beats faster.

And too much of the stuff can make you feel restless, give you headaches and you might find it hard to sleep!

So how can we know that we're not taking too much caffeine?

© ABC 2010

An adult shouldn't really drink more than three cups of coffee a day.

NATASHA THIELE, REPORTER: To give you an idea, an instant coffee has double the amount of caffeine that's in a cola. An energy drink has a little bit more. But with a couple of these tiny caffeine tablets over here, you'll get almost triple the amount of caffeine in one coffee!

So tablets and energy drinks are seen as an easy way to get caffeine quickly but it's not just professional athletes taking advantage even young people playing amateur sport are trying it.

KEY PETERKIN, YOUNG FOOTY PLAYER: I've seen people walking into the clubrooms from other teams and drinking energy drinks, but no one from my team. I reckon they should just be eating healthy and that should be practising harder than drinking Red Bull and things because practising is going to make you better, not drinking energy drinks.

Taking caffeine to improve performance is allowed in sport, after a ban was lifted six years ago by the World Anti-Doping Agency.

But now, concerns over the widespread use of tablets, has led the agency to consider banning it once again.

Until that happens caffeine could still play a role legally in sport at all levels.

And that could mean some people taking a risk with their health.

© ABC 2010

Presenter: OK that's an issue that has a lot of people talking so let's make that our poll this week.

Online Poll

The question is:

Should caffeine pills be banned from sport?

To vote, just head to our website.

Old SchoolReporter: Natasha Thiele

INTRO: Have you ever wondered what school was like in the olden days?

How different the classrooms, teachers and lessons were and what the punishment was if you were bad?

Well, students in Sydney are getting a chance to learn a lesson or two about what life was like in the 19th century.

As Tash reports, they're getting a taste of the tough standards of schooling in the past.

© ABC 2010

NATASHA THIELE, REPORTER: School has changed a lot over the years, the same goes with the way we were taught!

And there's a place in Australia where kids can experience an old school!

Here it is in Sydney's north-west.

It's called the Rouse Hill School and was built way back in 1888.

The school has been brought back to life, giving people a chance to find out how tough school was in the past!

And these kids are re-living that history.

TEACHER: Good morning to you all.

KIDS: Good morning Miss Fox.

TEACHER: I'm pleased to see that you have all made it this morning and that you didn't have to stay and work on the farm. Everybody in their lines, boys follow behind the girls.

Miss Fox was a really strict teacher back in the day.

First thing in the morning, she would check students' nails, hair and teeth to make sure they were clean.

TEACHER: The insolence of that child! I was forced to give him two strokes of the cane.

Yep, you heard right!

© ABC 2010

Anyone who was bad got hit with the cane or something similar that gave a good whack.

And you could've copped a hit for simply talking to your friends in class.

It's called Corporal Punishment!

NATASHA THIELE, REPORTER: Corporal comes from the Latin word 'corpus' which means body. So Corporal Punishment is punishment to the body. And school teachers and principals were allowed to hit children on either their bottom or on their hands!

And believe it or not it's still legal in some parts of Australia, although it's hard to find any school that actually does it.

Inside this 19th Century school is an authentic 19th Century classroom complete with stuffed animals and even ink wells.

They're small containers full of ink. Pupils would dip their pen or feather in them to write.

And because they didn't have computers like we do now, they used these slate boards.

Spelling lessons sounded a bit like this.

And students had to sing God Save the Queen every day. That was the national anthem at the time.

© ABC 2010

They also needed to watch their posture and had lessons on how to keep their back straight with these back straighteners!

Girls studied subjects like home economics and art, while boys did subjects like wood work and metal work.

Most kids left school around the age of 12; In-fact some as young as 8 were already working on farms or in factories.

They didn't have video games or TVs like you guys might have, so they made do with what they had.

They played things like marbles, jump rope and hopscotch in the school yard.

But things have changed a lot since the 19th century!

There's more variety when it comes to subjects and you've got lots of years after primary school to decide what you want to do in life.

So perhaps giving young people a chance to check out old schools like Rouse Hill, makes you appreciate school a little more!

TEACHER: Are you all prepared to move on to the next lesson?

KIDS: Yes, Miss Fox.

Presenter: OK let's test how closely you were listening to that last story with a tricky question.

© ABC 2010

Quiz 2

Which of these means the death penalty?

Colonial punishment

Capital punishment

Corporal punishment

Answer: Capital punishment

Capital punishment was abolished in Australia in 1973, although it still exists in some other countries.

The Score

OK, let's move onto some sports news now, starting with cycling in this week's Score.

************

The Tour De France is getting closer to the business end with the cyclists hitting the three-quarter mark of the 20 stage race.

© ABC 2010

The current stages get harder and harder as they wind their way through the Pyrenees Mountains.

And one man who'll be feeling every k is Aussie Cadell Evans.

He had been holding the overall leader’s yellow jersey early on in the race but a crash saw him fracture his elbow and drop a long way back in the rankings.

He has been battling on but now looks like he'll have next to no chance of making the podium at the end of the week.

***********

To bikes of a more powerful kind now:

Aussie Casey Stoner has finished third in the German Moto GP.

Stoner overtook the reigning world champion Valentino Rossi in the final lap of the race to finish on the podium.

Spain's Dani Pedrosa won the race, ahead of fellow Spaniard Jorge Lorenzo.

Camel CupReporter: Sarah Larsen

INTRO: Over the school holidays there were some big events for the country's camel racing community.

© ABC 2010

Yes, you heard right, camel racing.

It might sound strange but camel riding has a long and proud history in Australia and the people that came here with the first camels played a big role in building-up Australia's centre.

Sarah's found out about a race in an outback town that's come to be a celebration of family, culture and history.

SARAH LARSEN, REPORTER: They're not always the friendliest of animals. They don't make the nicest noises and they don't always go where you want them to go.

CAMEL RACE PARTICIPANT: Trigger's gone all over the place. He’s having a bit of fun at the back there?

But here in Marree in South Australia's far north the camel is king and riders and spectators have come from all around the country for the annual camel cup. Among them is three-time camel cup champion Grace. She's only 16 but her dad's a camel trainer and she's been riding since she was four.

MICHAEL SEXTON, ABC REPORTER: What's it like riding a camel?

GRACE: It’s fun, it's really fun.

But it's not easy.

GRACE: You get used to it. They're a bit uncoordinated but you get used to it after you ride for a bit.

© ABC 2010

This isn't just a quirky outback sport. Camels played a big part in the history of this place. They were first brought to Marree in the 1800s. And with them came camel handlers. The men were known as 'Afghans' even though they came from many different countries. The camels and the Afghan cameleers helped to open up the centre of Australia by building communication and rail lines through the desert.

REPORTER: And this famous train pays tribute to those Afghan cameleers. It used to be called the Afghan Express. These days it's just the "Ghan".

The train doesn't come through Marree any more. But descendants of the Afghan cameleers still live here. Greg Burk's great, great grandfather was a religious leader here in Australia's very first mosque. He's here to see his niece represent the family in a special race for Afghan descendants.

GREG BURK: She's got it in her blood though.

But the big event of the day is The Camel Cup.

RACE COMMENTATOR: They're coming home. Dishdash is in the lead but Panda's pulled out the whip.

Grace takes out another win on her dad's camel, Dishdash. For him it's the fifth cup in a row and Grace's Dad Peter is thrilled.

PETER CHANTLER, CAMEL TRAINER: She just loves running. A lot of camels won't, you know, they're not keen on running but this one, she's got it in her. You're lucky if you get a camel that wants to run. There's a few around but this is one, she just likes to motor.

© ABC 2010

But it's not all wins. Earlier in the day Grace's dad got head butted by another camel. So he has the cup and a broken eye socket!

PETER CHANTLER: Anyway, that's racing for you.

It takes more than one knock to keep a camel racer down. They're a brave and determined lot just like the pioneers who came here from far away and helped to make Australia what it is today.

Closer

And that's it for this week's BtN.

We'll see you next time.

© ABC 2010