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The Renaissance -The Rebirth of European ProgressLearning Targets – Part I
1. I can name the political and economic system that dominated Europe after the collapse of the Roman Empire (big concept)
2. I can name the organization that became the center of power after the collapse of Rome (specific institution)
3. I can name the disease that changed Europe during the late middle ages
4. I can name the time-period that transitioned Europe from the Middle Ages to modern times
The Collapse of Rome and the Middle Ages
• When the western portion of the Roman Empire collapsed, much of the European continent entered a period of disunity and violence
• _______________________ , in which local rulers kept order for a reigning monarch (think Kings, Lords, Knights, Peasants), became the dominant political and economic system for centuries
• _______________________ with other regions, such as Middle East, North Africa, and greater Asia slowed to a trickle or disappeared altogether
• Comparative to the great advances of Rome, this period seen little technological progress, and was far less socially sophisticated
The Power of the Church
• In the absence of Roman government the Christian Church became the ____________________________________on the European landscape
• Bishops, cardinals, and ultimately the ______________ were often more powerful than lords and kings
• Meanwhile, in the Middle East the more advanced Islamic culture continued to advance, and had ___________________________________________(land in modern day Israel that contains Jerusalem, sacred to Jews, Christians and Muslims alike)
• In the year 1096 the Pope (spiritual leader of Catholic Christians) called upon European leaders to free the Holy Land of Islamic control
Re-Exposure to a Wider World
• The ____________________ (Christians vs Muslims for control of the Holy Land) lasted two centuries
• Europeans traveled back and forth from Europe to the Middle East and began to ____________________________with the more advanced cultures of the Middle East and greater Asia
• This exposure would eventually lead to a period of great progress for Europeans, but not before the ______________________________(Black Death) would wipe out 1/3 of the continent.
The Black Death Brings Change
• The depopulation of Europe brought about several changes that ushered in the Renaissance
• Few people meant that the peasants could demand more for their ______________________
• Great death and misery made many people _____________________ their religion
• Combined with ___________________________________________, these ______________________ lead to economic opportunities for more people, a greater interest in the world (less concerned with the Church), and a revival of education and the arts
The Rebirth of Europe
• The ___________________________ is a term used to describe the cultural changes that took place from roughly 1300 to 1600 (14th to 17th century) in Europe
• It is viewed as a ________________________________in art, literature, and sciences
• Marked the ________________________ from the Middle Ages to modern times in Europe
• End of the Church dominated Medieval Period and brought back a society in which strong central governments were in control
Learning Targets Part II
1. I can name the area of Europe where the Renaissance began
2. I can describe what Humanism is or what it emphasized
3. I can describe what a Renaissance man was and give the two examples learned
4. I can summarize why Renaissance art is important to understanding this time-period
The Italian Renaissance
• The Renaissance was centered in Italy and gradually spread north across Europe
• Center of _______________________________following the Crusades
• Renaissance had large focus on rediscovering __________________________________ and ideas = Italy has most prominent connections to the legacy of Ancient Rome
• Italian city-states were hardest hit by the Plague, resulting in a social climate that embraced living “in the now” and ________________________________
Humanism
• The Renaissance had a focus on ________________________ = non-religious social moment that emphasizes the value of the human experience, scientific discovery, and learning
• In essence, it was a revival of classical _____________________________________ ideas that had once allowed
that civilization to flourish
• In contrast the middle ages focus was on ____________________ issues and the Renaissance focused on _______________________(secular)
The Humanities
• Central to renewed interest in learning was the study of ______________________: history, literature, philosophy, languages, religion, music, and the arts
• Renaissance thinkers embraced these studies as a way to understand and value the _________________________________of life
Renaissance Men
• Thinkers and artists who studied a variety of subjects, including the sciences, came to be known as a _____________________________________________ = intelligent and talented men who were skilled and knowledgeable in many things.
• Men, such as ____________________ and ________________________________, would champion the idea of a Renaissance Man by creating the period’s best known paintings, sculpture, architecture, as well as advance medical knowledge and engineering skills
Michelangelo
• Sculptor, engineer, poet, painter, architect
• Most famous works include:
1. Statue of David
2. The Pieta
3. Sistine Chapel
4. Dome of St. Peters Cathedral in Rome
Leonardo da Vinci
• Painter, sculptor, inventor, architect, musician, engineer
• Most famous for:
1. Painting of Mona Lisa
2. Painting of The Last Supper
3. Study of human anatomy
4. Plans for flying machines
Artistic Greatness
• Renaissance Men created these beautiful paintings and sculptures by combining intellectual and artistic ability
• Renaissance art reflects social and intellectual advancement by employing new techniques such as ______________________ (less abstract/emotion), ______________________ (everyday people) and _____________________________ (3-Dimentional/math based)
VS.
Learning Targets Part III
1. I can name the process for scientific discovery (finding truth)
2. I can describe what the heliocentric model of the universe is
3. I can define what a “heresy” is
Scientific Advancements
• In addition to the Humanities, thinkers of the late Renaissance period (1500s) were also focused on scientific discovery
• Great advancements were made in Astronomy, Mathematics, Medicine, Physics, and developing the process of _____________________________________________
• The era in human advancement is referred to as the _________________________________________, and often found itself at odds with the Christian Church as old ways of thinking were challenged
New Ways of Thinking
• Astronomers such as Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei proved through observation and mathematics that the Sun was the center of our solar system (_____________________________________________),
• Scientific philosophers such as Francis Bacon advocated that a truth can only be known after putting it though a processes of questioning and experimentation, known today as the ________________________
• Mathematicians such as Isaac Newton formulated the ______________________________________ ______________________________________, new systems of computation (Calculus), and said that all laws of nature are mathematical and therefor understandable
Challenging the Church
• In the Middle Ages the Church taught that the Earth and heavens above were the center of the Universe, and that understanding the world came from Biblical knowledge
• A Heliocentric (Sun Centered) model of the Universe ___________________________ this and brought astronomers like Galileo before the Church court to answer to charges of ________________________ (view contrary to Church teachings)
• The scientific method encouraged that truth is a process of discovery, thereby reducing the authority of the Bible